ASINUS 9, p. 42. Mart. 1, 79, 3 si res et causae desunt, agis, Attale, mulas. These words of Martial should be taken in connection with Cic. de orat. 2, 64, 258, where Scipio tells Asellus, after his boast, 'agas asellum.' Otto seems to be at a loss for an explanation that will give complete satisfaction. By comparing the two passages, we note that the proverb is applied in each instance to men who have done a little of everything. But one task reminds—a difficult one for anybody-to drive asses; compare Hor. sat. I, I, 90 infelix operam perdes, ut siquis asellum | in campo doceat parentem currere frenis; Ovid am. 2, 7, 15 ut auritus miserandae sortis asellus | adsiduo domitus verbere lentus eat. Asellus has travelled with 'adoria plena' through all provinceshis last and greatest task is to learn to control an ass-himself. Attalus is so very clever that he can even drive asses-the only thing left for him to do is 'animam agere.' See also the remarks of Crusius, Herondas, p. 60.

[ASPIS. Commod. instruc. 2, 9, 19 facti vel ut aspides surdi, 'deaf as an adder'; Ennod., p. 72, 25 (Vog.) credo more aspidis clausa, ut aiunt, aure transivit; Hier. ep. 139, 1.]

ATTICUS I, p. 44. Symmach. ep. 1, 23, 1 Atticis salibus; Fulgent. M. 1, 3, p. 3, 17 (Helm) Attica saporante salsura; Verg. catal. 9 (11), 62 Graios sales; Gaufrid. ep. 30 (M. 205, 855 D) vel ut Atticis salibus sint aspersae. To Otto's note add Sidon. Apoll. ep. 1, 2, 6 elegantiam Graecam; Hier. adv. Rufin. 2, 11 mira eloquentia et Attico flore variata.

ATTICUS 3. Sidon. Apoll. ep. 8, 6, 9 Athenis loquacior; see Woelfflin, ALL. 7, 144.

ATTONDERE, p. 45. For Greek examples see Schmidt, p. 109; compare also Ioh. Sar. Polycrat. 5, 9 (M. 199, 562 B) sed nec istud ad unguem resecandum est; Sidon. Apoll. ep. 8, 9, 5 (v. 26) crinibus ad cutem recisis.

AUDIRE, p. 45. Petr. Blesen. ep. 92 (M. 207, 289 D) nam si pergit dicere quae vult, audiet quae non vult (cf. Ter. Andr. 920). AURA 2. Ovid rem. am. 808 lenis alit flammas, grandior aura necat, cited by Phil. ad. Thom. Cant., Foliot ep. 480 (M. 190, 1045 D), sounds proverbial.

AUREUS, p. 46. Commod. instruc. 1, 34, 18 aurea post fata veniet tibi saecla; Ennod. ep. 9, 27, p. 249, 5 (H.) rem aurei saeculi... nescirem; p. 286, 13 aurei bona saeculi. . . amplificet; Symmach. orat. in Grat. 3, 9 iamdudum aureum saeculum currunt fusa Parcarum; CIL. 3, 735 (Carm. Epigr. 285, 2 B.) aurea saecla

gerit, qui portam construit auro; Claudian. 3, 51 en aurea nascitur aetas; incert. in Caes. Rom. 6, 2 (Frag. Poet. Rom., Baehr., p. 379) aurea saecla volens; Ioh. Sar. enthet. 762 (M. 199, 981 D) et redeunt aurea secla patrum; Adam. Pers. ep. 8 (M. 211, 605) ubi enim coelestis sapientiae splendor rutilat... aurea sunt ibi saecula; for Greek parallels see Tribukait, p. 44.

AURIS I, p. 47. Nicol. Clar. ep. 15 (M. 196, 1610 A) si in utramque aurem valeas obdormire.

AURIS 2, p. 47. Hor. epod. 17, 53 quid obseratis auribus fundis preces? Ovid ex Pont. 2, 9, 25 Iuppiter oranti surdas si praebeat auris; Orest. trag. 778 surdis tamen auribus inquit; Paulin. Nol. c. 10, 114 surda vocas et nulla rogas; Gaudent. Brix. serm. 13, 317 (M. 20, 938) surdis auribus precantem pauperem praeterit; Aesch. sept. 202 ἤκουσας ἢ οὐκ ἤκουσας ἢ κωφῇ λέγω; Greg. Cypr. 3, 32 пaрà кwpw diaλéyn; see Leutsch's note and J. Koch, p. 28, for further Greek parallels; compare also Sen. ep. 29, I si quis surdos obiurget.

AURIS 4, p. 48. Paulin. Nol. ep. 49, 3 vellicata blande auricula; ep. 49, 7 aurem vellit; ep. 49, 14.

AURIS 5, p. 49. Plaut. Rud. 1293 suo mihi hic sermone arrexit auris; Sen. ep. 108, 39 auribus erectis curiosisque audienda; d. 7, 23, 5; ep. 68, 9; Sidon. Apoll. c. 16, 4 auritos erexit carmine muros; Cypr. ep. ad Fortun. 4 (M. 4, 680 A) inde aures erigantur; Diogen. Vindob. 3, 97 wolv éσtwow, and Leutsch's note.

AURIS 7, Sonny, ALL. 8, 485. Calp. ecl. 4, 148 obesis auribus apta.

[AURIS 9. Plaut. Mil. 774 perpurigatis damus tibi ambo operam auribus; Pers. 5, 63 iuvenum purgatas inseris aures; Hor. ep. 1, 1,7 est mihi purgatam crebro qui personet aurem ; compare Pers. I, 126 vaporata aure, and see Leutsch to Macar. 5, 37.]

AURUM I, p. 49. Ovid a. a. 2, 299 pretiosior auro; am. 3, 8, 3; Sen. ep. 73, 5 auro pensanda; Claudian. 26, 607; Maxim. eleg. 1, 19 virtus fulvo pretiosior auro; schol. Pers. 1, 53 citrum pretiosum notabatur et auro comparandum. The simile is very frequently employed in mediaeval Latin; Maxim. Taur. hom. 82 (M. 57, 432) quae bona omnia auro magis sunt pretiosa; Columban. mon. 189 (M. 80, 291) amor est pretiosior auro; Alcuin ep. 175 (M. 100, 445); poet. Carol. 1, p. 281, N. 62, 187, and 1, p. 304, N. 86, 11; Petr. Dam. serm. 12, 58 (M. 144, 566); Othlo dial. 50 (M. 146, 131 B); lib. prov. 5 (309 D); Petr. Ven. ep. 2, 3 (M. 189, 190 A); 3, 17 (321 D); 4, 35 (365 D); Foliot ep. 197 (M. 190, 906 D);

ep. 212 (968 A); Petr. Cell. ep. 159 (M. 202, 604 B); Philip. Harv. ep. 14 (M. 203, 121 D). Plin. ep. 10, 39 (48), 6 substitutes pecunia, omni pecunia pretiosius; similarly thesauro, Apul. d. Plat. 2, 21; Cassiod. var. 5, 4, 2; Petr. Ven. ep. 4, 39 (M. 189, 373 A); with gaza, poet. Carol. 2, p. 359, D. 10, 3;1 for Greek parallels see J. Koch, p. 30, and cf. gemma.

AURUM 5, p. 49. Valerian. hom. 6 (M. 52, 117 D) auri fames; Alcuin ep. 121 (M. 100, 356 A) sed quid non efficit auri sacra fames; Ioh. Sar. Polycrat. 8, 15 (M. 199, 774 C) auri sacra fames; for Gregor. Turon. see Bonnet, p, 50, n. 3'; compare Maxim. eleg. 3, 73 auri caecus amor; Columban. c. 3, 32 (M. 80, 292) auri dira cupido; Alcuin ep. 35 (M. 100, 192 B) quid enim auri insana cupido non subvertit boni? cf. Prudent. ham. 149 improba mors, quid non mortalia pectora cogis?

AURUM 6, p. 50. Petr. Dam. ep. 1, 21, 46 (M. 144, 249) habens enim, ut aiunt rustici, pugillum aureum frangis murum ferreum ; compare Ovid am. 3, 8, 29 nihil esse potentius auro; for a similar idea in Greek, Diogen. 4, 21 dapa beovs meide; Greg. Cypr. Mosq. 2, 83, with Leutsch's note; Macar. 3, 43; Eustath. Il. 708, 61.3

AURUM 7. Venant. Fort. c. 4, 4, 14 pulchrius est auro corde probatus homo; Orest. trag. 330 pulchrum sane aurum, sed femina pulchrior auro. See aurum I.

AVARUS 3, p. 51. Boeth. consol. phil. 3, 3 taceo quod naturae minimum, quod avaritiae nihil satis est; compare Varro, Eumen. 20 (Riese); Ps.-Baeda prov. lib. (M. 90, 1110) semper avarus eget, hunc nulla pecunia replet.

AVIS 1, p. 51. Plin. n. h. 9, 20 ocior volucre; Angilbert. de Car. Magn., v. 295 (Poet. Carol. 1, p. 373 D.) ocior aligeris avibus; Auson. ep. 35 (21), 22; Sil. Ital. 15. 413; see Woelfflin, ALL. 6, 457.

AVIS 2, p. 51. Columban. ep. 5 (M. 80, 274 C) rara avis; Ioh. Sar. Polycrat. 8, 11 (M. 199, 751 B) suavis uxor, quae tamen rara avis est (citing Hieronymus); Polycrat. 1, 6 (403 C) quandoquidem haec rara avis est; 8, 11 (753 B), quoting Iuven. 6, 165; Petr. Bles. ep. 175 (M. 207, 470 A); Hildebert. carm. misc. 1322 (M. 171, 1394 C) mulier corvo sit rarior albo.

BALAENA. Aldhelm de sept. aenig. 14 D (M. 89, 199) grandior quam ballena. Such a simile may have existed easily in earlier

1 Woelfflin, ALL. 6, 459.

'Le Latin de Grégoire de Tours, Paris, 1890.

3 Kurtz, p. 311.

times; compare Iuv. 10, 14 quanto delphinis ballaena Britannica

maior.

BELLEROPHON 2, as a type of horseman.

Hor. c. 3, 12, 8 eques ipso melior Bellerophonte; Apul. met. 7, 26 meum vero Bellerophontem.'

BELLUM 1, p. 54. Caecil. Balb. 141 0 beatam civitatem, pace quae bellum timet; compare Cassiod. var. 1, 40 discat miles in otio quod perficere possit in bello; Sen. ep. 18, 6 quem in ipsa re trepidare nolueris, ante rem exerceas.

BENEFICIUM 1, p. 55. Caecil. Balb. sent. 48 dat gratius beneficium, qui dat celerius; Augustin. ep. 150, 1 (M. 33, 645) tanto gratius, quanto citius; compare Ioh. Sar. ep. 260 (M. 199, 301 D) ut philosophus testis est, bis emitur, cum rogatur; sent. Varr. 15 (Riese) extorquere est plus quam semel rogare; compare Sen. ben. 3, 8, 4 ut plus praestaturus fuerit, si cito negasset.

BENEFICIUM 3. Nicol. Clar. ep. 11 (M. 196, 1608) vetus proverbium est et veterum ore celebrata sententia: beneficiorum memoria labilis est, iniuriarum vero tenax.

BESTIA I, p. 55. Ps.-Lactant. de mort. persec. 2, 7 mala bestia ; 25, 1; for belua as a term of reproach see Plaut. Most. 607, Liv. 7, 10, 3; Sen. d. 5, 19, 3; cf. Oros. 7, 4, 7.

BESTIA 4. Claudian. 11, 26 quis beluarum corde furentior? 18, 183; Arnob. adv. nat. 7, 9, p. 244, 2 (Reiff.) ferocitate transiliunt beluas; Paulin. Aquil. ep. ad Heist. (M. 99, 183 A) crudelior omni bestia; Alcuin vit. S. Will. 9, 187 (M. 101, 699 C) homo omni fera crudelior; Steph. Torn. ep. 2, 159, 243 (M. 211, 447) atrociores omni bestia; compare Sen. ep. 107, 7 homo perniciosior feris omnibus; Anthol. Pal. 11, 348, I Oŋpŵv ßpotè μâdλov ȧvýμepe.

BESTIA 5. Prudent. c. Symmach. 2, 816 sed tantum distant Romana et barbara, quantum | quadrupes abiuncta est bipedi; Nicol. Clar. ep. 56 (M. 196, 1651 B) vetus enim proverbium est et ore veterum celebrata sententia: quantum a belluis homines, tantum distant a laicis litterati.

BIPES, p. 56. Iuven. 9, 92 alium bipedem sibi quaerit asellum. [BIS. Plaut. Truc. 46 bis perit amator; Phaedr. 1, 21, 12 quod ferre cogor, certe bis videor mori; Ioh. Sar. ep. 91 (M. 199, 83 B) bis exsulat, qui domi exsulat; Publil. Syr. 50 (F.) bis una in morte alieno est arbitrio mori; 66 bis interimitur qui suis armis

1 For the use of the name in Greek proverbs see M. Wiesenthal, p. 14, De nominibus propriis quae Graecis in proverbiis fuerunt, Barmen, 1895; Schmidt, P. 51.

perit; act. inst. arch. Rom. 1876, p. 233 (Carm. Epigr. 945, 2 B.) quis] quis amat, valeat, pereat qui nescit amare, | bis tanto pereat quisquis amare vetat; CIL. 4, 1173 (Carm. Epigr. 946 B.). This hyperbole appears to have been quasi-proverbial; see also Plaut. Most. 375 PHIL. disperii. CA. bis peristi? qui potest?]

BONUS 4. Ovid her. 20 (21), 38 et proprio vulneror ipsa bono; fast. 5, 6 Copiaque ipsa nocet; Ovid a. a. 3, 584 saepe perit ventis obruta cumba suis; cf. ager 1.

BOS 4, p. 58. Weyman, ALL. 8, 25, cites Dümmler. The passages in Alcuin are ep. 75 (M. 100, 253 A); ep. 169 (441 D).

BRITANNIA, as remote. Mart. 11, 3, 5 dicitur et nostros cantare Britannia versus; Claudian. 5, 149 extremos ultra volitat gens si qua Britannos; compare Thyle, Otto, p. 348.

BRUMA, p. 59. Ovid rem. am. 492 frigidior glacie; her. 1, 22; ex Pont. 3, 4, 33; Petron. epigr. 107, 3 (PLM. 4, 101 Baehr.) quid nive frigidius? Aldh. de sept. et de metr. 14 D (M. 89, 198) frigidior brumis; Anselm Cant. ep. 1, 76 (M. 158, 1145 C) cor... glacie frigidius; Leonidas of Tarentum, Anthol. Pal. 16, 230, 6 νᾶμα, βορειαίης ψυχρότερον νιφάδος.

BRUTUS. The consulship of Brutus was a symbol of antiquity; Mart. 10, 39, I consule te Bruto... natam; 11, 44, I Bruto consule natus; compare Numa.

BUCCA I, p. 59. Petr. Dam. ep. 5, 1, 139 (M. 144, 336) rustice proloquar et, ut ipsi dicunt, quicquid in buccam venerit, negligenter effundam; Gelas. I. adv. Androm. 1, p. 453, 21 (Günther). BUCCA 2. Lucian, Icarom. 251; Fritsche on Hor. sat. I, I, 21. BULLA, p. 59. For Greek parallels see Schmidt, p. 126. BUXUM. Ovid met. 4, 134 oraque buxo | pallidiora; met. II, 417; Mart. 12, 32, 8 pallidus magis buxo; Priap. 32, 2; Apul. met. 8, 21 buxanti pallore; 9, 30 lurore buxeo; Nemes. ecl. 2, 41 pallidior buxo; see Woelfflin, ALL. 6, 458.

CACOETHES. Juvenal's scribendi cacoethes appears as a citation in Ioh. Sar. ep. 247 (M. 199, 291 B); enthet. 1501 (997 B).

CACUMEN. Sen. ep. 124, 8 cacumen radicis loco ponis; compare ben. 4, 2, 3 ista vero confusio est. . . primis postrema praeferre. The expression may have been proverbial.

CAECUS I, p. 60. Sen. ep. 81, 25 manifestum etiam coniventi; Augustin. ep. 51, 5 (M. 33, 193) ea quae oculos etiam caecos

1 E. Rowe, p. 16, Quaeritur quo iure Horatius in satiris Menippum imitatus esse dicatur, Halle, 1888.