In 1839, a breach was made in the walls, opposite Tannerrow, near the site of the house of correction, which has given place to the railway station, and a large archway was erected, admitting a free passage for the railway trains. through the walls, without interfering with the walk above; and, in 1840, a new and massive postern, with a wide centre arch for carriages, and two side arches for foot passengers, was erected at the termination of the walls at North-street, instead of the small door that formerly stood there. For permission to erect this postern, and obtain a road into North-street, the Great North of England Railway Company paid the corporation £500: which sum has been expended on restoring, and putting into complete repair, Walmgate Bar and Barbican. On the south-east side of the city the walls are in good repair, from the bank of the Ouse, opposite Skeldergate, to the top of Tower-street, where formerly stood Castlegate Postern; and from Fishergate Postern at Castlemills bridge, which crosses the Foss-a river which joins the Ouse at about two hundred yards from thence—to Fishergate Bar, close by the Cattle-market. The committee for managing the restoration of the city walls, intended to have restored the walls from Fishergate Bar, to Walmgate Bar; but the works were suspended in 1837 in consequence of a deficiency of funds. A portion of the second section, from Fishergate Bar, towards Walmgate Bar, is repaired; but so dilapidated and ruinous, is the condition of the part of the ramparts from thence, that it is quite impassable and deplorable to contemplate. The wall extending from Walmgate Bar, to the river Foss, is the oldest portion of the city ramparts; and, in many places, is greatly in need of repair. It is built on a series of rude and irregular arches of great antiquity, which can be seen to advantage, from the fields outside this part of the walls. The wall terminates on the margin of a lake; formed by the waters of the Foss. Nearly in a straight line with this wall, and at a distance of 80 perches, (the intervening space. being protected by the water,) is Layerthorpe bridge,

which, till the year 1829, was guarded by a postern that spanned the road, and adjoined the wall. The walls sweep northward from Layerthope bridge to Monk Bar. They are in a state of good preservation; but the public are excluded from them; as they are in the hands of the occupiers of the adjoining property, within the walls. From Monk Bar the walls extend in a north-west direction to Bootham Bar, and are in perfect order; but there is no public walk thereupon. A good view of them is obtained from the Lord Mayor's Walk. At the righthand side of Bootham Bar the wall terminates abruptly; a fine approach to the city, called St. Leonard's-place, being made there. The walls run from the back of St. Leonard's-place, by the old palace, called the Manor, to the Roman multangular tower, in the Museum gardens. The wall here forms an angle, and, with the exception of the interruption occasioned by the gateway to the Museum gardens, is continued from thence to Lendal tower, which rises from the banks of the river Ouse, opposite Northstreet Postern. We have now made a complete circuit of the walls; having returned to the point from whence we set out, the measurement whereof, as made in 1664 and 1665, by Raine, who then took a survey of them, we shall quote from Torr's Antiquities. The city is in circumference, two miles and almost three-quarters ;* which is thus measured, viz. :—

Or, 2 miles, 5 furlongs, and 192 half yards, surveyed 6th of February, 1664, and 14th of August, 1665, by Joseph Raine.

* The old walls of the city of London measured but three miles.

Beside these, fortified walls run round the close of St. Mary's abbey; said to have been rendered necessary by the collisions which occasionly took place between the citizens and the monks. They joined the city wall at Bootham Bar, went for a conside: able distance down Bootham to the tower at Marygate corner, and then, forming an angle, continued the whole length of Marygate to the river Ouse, where they joined St. Mary's tower. The principal entrance to the abbey, was in Marygate, through a beautiful gateway, which still exists in a state of excellent preservation. The second entranee was near Bootham bar, the gateway of which still remains. The tower by the river's edge is in ruins;-the walls of the abbey are generally in good repair; but are built against, in Bootham and Marygate. Recently a road has been made through the walls between the archway in Marygate and St. Mary's tower, rendered necessary to preserve the footpath from Lendal ferry to Marygate, in consequence of the extension of the gardens on the manor shore, below the archway. Having said so much generally descriptive of the walls, it will be necessary to advert more particularly to the BARS, and other remarkable structures connected with the ancient fortifications.

Micklegate Bar.

This bar forms the principal approach to the city, from the old London road; and comprises a square tower, with a circular arch and embattled turrets at the angles; each with a stone figure on the top, the lower parts being built of a grey coarse grit, and the upper portion of a fine white lime-stone. As we have already stated, it has been thought to be a Roman structure: whether this be so or not, it certainly stands on or near the old Roman fortifications. In 1736, Drake described Micklegate Bar in the following terms: "It is strengthened by an outer gate, which had a massy iron chain went across it; then a portcullis; and, lastly, a mighty strong double wooden