pany and conversation have retarded our journey, by sup plying the chief objects of travelling, if amusement and instruction are to be ranked among them. He is here with the marquis of Lindsey, a lively, spirited young man ;— one of those easy, careless characters, so much beloved by their intimates, and so regardless of the opinion of the rest of mankind. Since you hold me to my promise of writing so very regularly, you must sometimes expect to receive a letter dated from three or four different places, when either my short stay in one place deprives me of the leisure, or meeting with nothing uncommon in another, deprives me of materials for so long a letter as you require. The road from Geneva to this town is along the side of the lake, through a delightful country, abounding in vineyards which produce the vin de la côte, so much esteemed. All the little towns on the way, Nyon, Rolle, and Morges, are finely situated, neatly built, and inhabited by a thriving and contented people. Lausanne is the capital of this charming country, which formerly belonged to the duke of Savoy, but is now under the dominion of the canton of Bern. However mortifying this may be to the former possessor, it has certainly been a happy dispensation to the inhabitants of the Payes de Vaud, who are in every respect more at their ease, and in a better situation, than any of the subjects of his Sardinian majesty. This city is situated near the lake, and at the distance of about thirty miles from Geneva. As the nobility, from the country, and from some parts of Switzerland, and the families of several officers who have retired from service, reside here, there is an air of more ease and gaiety (perhaps also more politeness) in the societies at Lausanne, than in those of Geneva: at least this is firmly believed and asserted by all the nobles of this place, who consider themselves as greatly superior to the citizens of Geneva. These, on the other hand, talk a good deal of the poverty, frivolousness, and ignorance of those same nobility, and make no scruple of ranking their own enlightened mechanics above them in every essential quality. Vevay. THE road between Lausanne and Vevay is very mountainous but the mountains are cultivated to the summits, and covered with vines.This would have been impracticable on account of the steepness, had not the proprietors built strong stone-walls at proper intervals, one above the other, which support the soil, and form little terraces from the bottom to the top of the mountains. The peasants ascend by narrow stairs, and, before they arrive at the ground they are to cultivate, have frequently to mount higher than a mason who is employed in repairing the top of a steeple. The mountainous nature of this country subjects it to frequent torrents, which, when violent, sweep away vines, soil, and walls in one common destruction. The inhabitants behold the havoc with a steady concern, and, without giving way to the clamorous rage of the French, or sinking into the gloomy despair of the English, think only of the most effectual means of repairing the loss.-As soon as the storm has abated, they begin, with admirable patience and perseverance, to rebuild the walls, to carry fresh earth on hurdles to the top of the mountain, and to spread a new soil wherever the old has been washed away. Where property is perfectly secure, and men allowed to enjoy the fruits of their own labour, they are capable of efforts unknown in those countries where despotism renders every thing precarious, and where a tyrant reaps what slaves have sown. This part of the Pays de Vaud is inhabited by the descendants of those unhappy people, who were driven by the most absurd and cruel persecution from the valleys of Piedmont and Savoy. I will not assert that the iniquity of the persecutors has been visited upon their children; but the sufferings and stedfastness of the persecuted seem to be recompensed by the happy situation in which their children of the third and fourth generations are now placed. Vevay is a pretty little town, containing between three and four thousand inhabitants. It is sweetly situated on a plain, near the head of the lake of Geneva, where the Rhone enters. The mountains behind the town, though exceedingly high, are entirely cultivated, like those on the road from Lausanne. There is a large village about half-way up the mountain, in a direct line above Vevay, which, viewed from below, seems adhering to the side of the precipice, and has a very singular and romantic appearance. The principal church is detached from the town, and situated on a hill which overlooks it. From the terrace, or church-yard, there is a view of the Alps, the Rhone, the lake, with towns and villages on its margin.-Within this church the body of General Ludlow is deposited. That steady republican withdrew from Lausanne to this place, after the assassination of his friend Lisle, who was shot through the heart, as he was going to church, by a ruffian, who had come across the lake for that purpose, and who, amidst the confusion occasioned by the murder, got safe to the boat, and escaped to the duke of Savoy's territories on the other side, where he was openly protected. This was a pitiful way of avenging the death of a monarch, who, whether justly or not, had been publicly condemned and executed. There is a long Latin epitaph on Ludlow's monument, enumerating many circumstances of his life, but omitting the most remarkable of them all. He is called, Patriæ libertatis defensor, et potestatis arbitrariæ propugnator acerrimus, &c.-But no nearer hint is given of his having been one of King Charles I's judges, and of his having signed the sentence against that ill-fated prince. A defender of the liberty of his native country, and a determined opposer of arbitrary power, &c. However fond the Swiss in general may be of liberty, and however partial to its assertors, it is presumable that those who protected Ludlow did not approve of this part of his story, and on that account a particular mention of it was not made on his tomb. There is no travelling by post through Switzerland; we therefore hired horses at Geneva, to carry us to Basil; from whence we can proceed by post to Strasbourg, which is the route we design to take. We leave Lausanne the day after to-morrow. LETTER XXXIV. Bern. ON N my return from Vevay to Lausanne, I found our friend Mr. Harvey at the inn, with the duke of Hamil ton. His Grace inclines to remain sometime longer at that city; but desired that I might proceed with the carriages and all the servants, except his valet-de-chambre and one footman, to Strasbourg, which I readily agreed to, on his promising to join me there within a few days. Harvey, at the same time, made the very agreeable proposal of accompanying me to Strasbourg, where he will remain till our departure from thence, leaving his chaise for the duke. We began our journey the following day, and were escorted as far as Payerne by Messrs. Brydone and Humberston, where we passed a gay evening, and proceeded next morning to the town of Avanche, the capital of Switzerland in Tacitus's time.* No country in the world can be more agreeable to tra • Near this town, the Helvetians were defeated by Cæcina, one of Vitellius's lieutenants.-Multa hominum millia cæsa, multa sub corona venumdata. Cumque direptis omnibus, Aventicum gentis caput justo agmine peteretur. TACITI HISTORIA, lib. 1, cap. 68. -Many thousands were slain, and many thousands sold as slaves; and, after committing great ravage, the army marched in order of battle to Aventicum the capital of the country. vellers during the summer than Switzerland: for, besides the commodious roads and comfortable inns, some of the most beautiful objects of nature, woods, mountains, lakes intermingled with fertile fields, vineyards, and scenes of the most perfect cultivation, are here presented to the eye in greater variety, and on a larger scale than in any other country. From Avanche we advanced to Murten, or Murat, as it is pronounced by the French, a neat little town, situated upon a rising ground, on the side of the lake of the same name. The army of Charles duke of Burgundy, besieging this town, was defeated, with great slaughter, by the Swiss, in the year 1476. Near the road, within a mile of Murat, there is a little building full of human bones, which are said to be those of the Burgundians slain in that battle. As this curious cabinet was erected many years af. ter the battle, it may be supposed, that some of the bones of the victors are here packed up along with those of the vanquished, in order to swell the collection. There are several inscriptions on the chapel. DEO OPTIM. MAX. CAROLI INCLITI ET FORTISSIMI BURGUNDIÆ DUCIS On another side is the following.— SACELLUM QUO RELIQUIAS EXERCITUS BURGUNDICI AB HELVETIIS, A 1476, PIA ANTIQUITAS CONDidit. RENOVARI VIISQUE PUBLICIS MUNIRI JUSSERUNT RERUM NUNC DOMINA REIPUBLICÆ BERNENSIS ET FRIBURGENSIS ANNO 1755. |