But I own I have the misfortune not to follow this great monarch, and many other respectable critics, in their admiration of the tragedy of Oedipus.-The fable, in my poor opinion, is too horrible.-The circumstance of Oedipus being married to his mother, and having children by her, is highly disgusting; and the idea it gives of providence and the conduct of the gods, cannot have a good effect on the mind. Nothing could be more unjust, than that heaven should send a plague among the inhabitants of Thebes, and pour such vengeance on poor Oedipus and Jocasta, for crimes of which it knew them to be innocent. We cannot help admitting the justice of Oedipus's reproaches against the gods, when he says,

Le voilà donc rempli cet oracle exécrable,
Dont ma crainte a pressé l'effét inévitable :
Et je me vois enfin, par un mélange affreux,
Inceste, & parricide, & pourtant vertueux.
Miserable vertu, nom stérile & fûneste,
Toi par qui j'ai réglé des jours que je déteste,
A mon noir ascendant tu n'as pû resister:
Je tombais dans le piége, en voulant l'éviter.

Un Dieu plus fort que moi m'entraînait vers le crime;
Sous mes pas fugitifs il creusait un abîme;

Et j'etais, malgré moi, dans mon aveuglement,

D'un pouvoir inconnu l'esclavé & l'instrument.

Voilà tous mes forfaits, je ne'en connais point d'autres.
Impitoyables Dieux, mes crimes sont les vôtres,

Et vous m'en punissez

We must suspect, however, that Jocasta was mistaken in the opinion she utters in the concluding lines of the tragedy.—

Prêtres, & vous Thébains, qui futes mes sujets,
Honorez mon bucher, & songez à jamais,

Qu'au milieu des horreurs du destin qui m'opprime,'

J'ai fait rougir les dieux, qui m'ont forcé au crime.

For those, who could force innocent people to commit criminal actions, and then punish them on that account, were not capable of blushing for any thing.

A French tragedy and Italian opera are represented at this theatre alternately; the king attends the latter as pưnctually as the former, and displays in his countenance that

extreme sensibility to music, which forms part of his character. I imagine this prince would succeed better in any thing than in simulation, if he should ever think it worth his while to attempt that part of hypocrisy,-his features are so expressive of his feelings, that the first would be constantly in danger of betraying the other. When there is no representation at the theatre, his majesty has a private concert in his own apartment, where he himself performs on the German flute, in which instrument he has attained the highest degree of excellence. To these concerts no stranger is admitted.

LETTER LXXV.

Potsdam.

WHEN we first arrived here, there was nothing I was so eager to see as the Prussian troops at their exercise; but the reviews at Berlin have completely satiated my curiosity. And though the gardens of the palace are just opposite to the windows of our inn, I hardly ever go to look at the guards, who are paraded there every forenoon.A few days ago, however, I happened to take a very early walk about a mile out of town, and seeing some soldiers under arms, in a field at a small distance from the road, I went towards them. An officer on horseback, whom I took to be the major, for he gave the word of command, was uncommonly active, and often rode among the ranks to reprimand, or instruct the common men. When I came nearer, I was much surprised to find that this was the king himself. He had his sword drawn, and continued to exercise the corps for an hour after. He made them wheel, march, form the square, and fire by divisions, and in platoons, observing all their motions with infinite attention; and, on account of some blunder, put two officers of the prince of Prussia's regiment in arrest.-In short, he seemed to exert himself with all the spirit of a young officer, eager to attract the notice of his general by uncom mon alertness.

I expressed my surprise to an officer present, that the king was not willing to take some repose, particularly from that kind of employment of which he had had so very much of late, and that he could take so much pains with a mere handful of men immediately after he had come from exercising whole armies.

This gentleman told me, that, on this particular day, the king had been trying some new evolutions; but though this had not been the case, he might very possibly have been in the field :-for his maxim was, that his troops should display as much briskness on a common fieldday as if they were to engage in battle; and therefore it was never known when he intended to be present, or when not :-that as for repose, he took it between ten at night and four in the morning, and his other hours were all devoted to action, either of body or mind, or both; and that the exercise he had just taken, was probably by way of relaxation after three hours previous labour in his cabinet.

The more I see and hear of this extraordinary man, the more am I astonished. He reconciles qualities which I used to think incompatible. I once was of opinion, that the mind, which stoops to very small objects, is incapable of embracing great ones;-I am now convinced, that he is an exception; for while few objects are too great for his genius, none seem too small for his attention.

I once thought that a man of much vivacity was not capable of entering into the detail of business.-I now see that he, who is certainly a man of wit, can continue methodically the necessary routine of business, with the patience and perseverance of the greatest dunce that ever drudged in a counting-house,

Since my last, we have seen the Italians perform; but neither the plays nor the operas, nor any part of the entertainments, interest me half so much, or could draw m so assiduously to Sans-Souci, as the opportunity this attendance gives of seeing the king. Other monarchs acquire importance from their station; this prince gives im

portance to his. The traveller in other countries has a wish to see the king, because he admires the kingdom :— here the object of curiosity is reversed :-and let us suppose the palaces, and the towns, and the country, and the army of Prussia ever so fine, yet your chief interest in them will arise from their belonging to Frederic II;—the man, who, without an ally but Britain, repelled the united force of Austria, France, Russia, and Sweden.

Count Nesselrode, talking with me on this subject, had an expression equally lively and just: C'est dans l'adversité qu'il brille, lorsqu'il est bien comprimé il a un ressort irrésistible.

The evening of the day on which I had seen the king in the field, I was at Sans-Souci; for I wish to neglect no opportunity of being present where this monarch is. I like to stand near him, to hear him speak, and to observe his movements, attitudes, and most indifferent actions. He always behaves with particular affability to the duke of Hamilton. One evening, before the play began, his Grace and I were standing accidentally with Count Finkenstein, in a room adjoining to the great apartment where the company were. The king entered alone, when he was not expected, and immediately began a conversation with the duke.

He asked several questions relating to the British constitution; particularly at what age a peer could take his seat in parliament ?—When the duke replied, At twenty- one-It is evident from that, said the king, that the English patricians acquire the necessary talents for legislation much sooner than those of ancient Rome, who were not admitted into the senate till the age of forty.

He then inquired about the state of Lord Chatham's health, and expressed high esteem for the character of that minister. He asked me, if I had received letters by the last post, and if they mentioned any thing of the af fairs in America? He said, there were accounts from Holland, that the English troops had been driven from Boston, and that the Americans were in possession of that

place.I told him, our letters informed us, that the army had left Boston to make an attack with more effect elsewhere.

He smiled, and said,-If you will not allow the retreat to have been an affair of necessity, you will at least admit, that it was taut-à-fait à-propos.

He said he heard that some British officers had gone into the American service, and mentioned Colonel Lee, whom he had seen at his court. He observed, that it was a difficult thing to govern men by force at such a distance; that if the Americans should be beat, (which appeared a little problematical), still it would be next to impossible to continue to draw from them a revenue by taxation; that if we intended conciliation with America, some of our measures were too rough; and if we intended its subjection, they were too gentle. He concluded by saying,→ Enfin, messieurs, je ne comprends pas ces choses là ; je n'ai point de colonie :-j'espère que vous vous tirerez bien d'affaire, mais elle me paroit un peu épineuse.- -Having said this, he walked into the princess's apartment, to lead her to the playhouse, while we joined the company already assembled there. The tragedy of Mahomet was performed, which, in my opinion, is the finest of all Voltaire's dramatic pieces, and that in which Le Kain appears to the greatest advantage.

LETTER LXXVI.

Potsdam.

You express such an earnest desire to be made acquainted with every thing which regards the king of Prussia, that I am in danger of lengthening my description with a tedious minuteness. Yet I will risk it, rather than give you reason to complain that I have not gratified your curiosity as fully as is in my power. Do not imagine, however, that I complete portrait of this monarch.

presume to draw a That must be the

work of much able painters, who have seen him in a more