so celebrated for patience, are of all mankind the least liable to despondence. Public affairs, so apt to disturb the repose of many worshipful citizens of London, never give a Frenchman uneasiness. If the arms of France are successful, he rejoices with all his heart ;-if they are unfortunate, he laughs at the commanders with all his soul. If his mistress is kind, he celebrates her goodness, and commends her taste;—if she is cruel, he derides her folly in the arms of another. No people ever were so fond of amusement, and so easily amused. It seems to be the chief object of their lives, and they contrive to draw it from a thousand sources, in which no other people ever thought it could be found. I do not know where I met with the following lines; they are natural and easy, and seem expressive of the conduct and sentiments of the whole French nation. M'amuser n'importe comment, Fait toute ma philosophie. Je crois ne perdre aucun moment Pourvu qu'ainsi tout doucement; every Our countrymen who have applied to letters, have prosecuted branch of science as successfully as any of their neighbours. But those of them who study mere amusement, independent of literature of any kind, certainly have not been so happy in their researches as the French. Many things which entertain the latter, seem frivolous and insipid to the former. The English view objects through a darker medium. Less touched than their neighbours with the gaieties, they are more affected by the vexations of life, under which they are too ready to despond. They feel their spirits flag with the repetition of scenes which at first were thought agreeable. This stagnation of animal spirits, from whatever cause it arises, becomes itself a cause of desperate resolutions, and debasing habits. A man of fortune, therefore, who can acquire such a re lish for science, as will make him rank its pursuits among his amusements, has thereby made an acquisition of more importance to his happiness, than if he had acquired another estate equal in value to his first. I am almost convinced, that a taste of this kind is the only thing which can render a man of fortune (especially if his fortune be very large) tolerably independent and easy through life. Whichsoever of the roads of science he loves to follow, his curiosity will continually be kept awake. An inexhaust ible variety of interesting objects will open to his view,— his mind will be replenished with ideas, and even when the pursuits of ambition become insipid, he will still have antidotes against tedium, and (other things being supposed equal) the best chance of passing agreeably through life, that the uncertainty of human events allows to man. LETTER XC. Vienna. IN your last, you shew such a passion for anecdote, and seem so desirous of my insisting on manners and characters, that I fear you will not be pleased with my last long epistle upon a subject entirely remote from what you demand. But you must remember, that you were warned from the beginning of this correspondence, that I would retain the privilege of digressing as often as I pleased, and that my letters should frequently treat of what I thought, as well as what I saw. However, this shall consist entirely of sights. The first I shall mention was exhibited soon after our arrival at Vienna. This was the feast of St. Stephen, at which the emperor dined in public with the knights. He was at the head of the table: his brother and brother-in-law next him, and the other knights sat according to seniority. The archduchesses, with some of the principal ladies of the court, were at a balcony within the hall to see this ceremony. The emperor and all the knights were dressed in the robes of the order. The Hunga rian guards, with their sabres drawn, surrounded the table. The honour of serving the emperor at this solemnity belongs entirely to the Hungarians. When he called for drink, a Hungarian nobleman poured a little of the wine into a cup and tasted it; he afterwards filled another, which he presented with one knee touching the ground. The emperor often smiled upon this nobleman as he went through the ceremony, and seemed to indicate, by the whole of his behaviour, that he considered such submissive bendings of one man to another, as greatly misplaced, and that he suffered this mummery merely in compliance with ancient custom. There was great crowding to see this feast, and it was not without difficulty I got admission; though, after all, there was nothing to be seen but some well-dressed men, who ate an exceeding good dinner with tolerable appetite. Since the feast of St. Stephen, we have been witnesses to the annual ceremony in commemoration of the defeat of the Turkish army, and the raising the siege of Vienna by John Sobieski king of Poland. The Imperial family, and the principal nobility of both sexes, walked in solemn procession, and heard mass at the church of St. Stephen on this occasion. In the middle of the street, leading from the palace to the church, a platform was raised, upon which the company, who formed the procession, walked. The streets were lined with the imperial guards, and the windows and tops of the houses were crowded with spectators. The duke of Hamilton and I found a very good situation at a window with the Venetian ambassador. This ceremony would have been too fatiguing for the empress -She therefore did not attend :-The emperor, the archdukes and duchesses, with all the nobility, did. A prodigious train of bishops, priests, and monks, followed; and a numerous band of music played as they went along. As this is a day of rejoicing, the richest and gayest dresses are thought the most expressive of the pious gratitude becoming such an occasion. The ladies displayed their devotion in the most brilliant manner. Their minds, however, were not so much exalted by heavenly contemplations, as to be above taking notice of their earthly acquaintances at the windows, whom they regaled with smiles and nods as they walked along. Next day the Imperial family dined in public, and many people went to see them. I was not of the number, though nobody can more sincerely wish them the enjoyment of all the comforts of life. I know not on what principle the royal family in France, and other countries in Europe, have adopted the custom of eating in public. They cannot imagine, that the seeing them chew and swallow their victuals can create a vast deal of admiration in the beholders. It would certainly be taken for granted, that they could perform these necessary functions, although a cloud of witnesses were not admitted to confirm the fact. If these exhibitions are designed for the entertainment of the subjects, a thousand could be thought of more amusing to them; for however interesting the part of an actor at a feast may be, that of a spectator is surely one of the most insipid that can be imagined. But the same evening there was a grand masquerade at Schonbrun, which was more generally amusing.-Four thousand tickets were distributed on this occasion.-A large party of dragoons were placed along the roads from Vienna, to keep the coaches in a regular line, and to prevent confusion. The principal rooms of this magnificent palace were thrown open for the reception of the company. In three large halls on the ground-floor, tables were covered with a cold collation of all kinds of fowls, ham, and confections, with pine-apples and every sort of fruit. These, with old hock, champagne, and other kinds of wine, were served with readiness and profusion to all who asked for them. At the end of the large dining-room, there was a raised seat for the empress, and some ladies who attended her. Here a grand ballet was danced by the archduke, the archduchess, the princesses of Modena, and some of the chief nobility, to the number of twenty-four. The dancers, both male and female, were dressed in white silk, flounced with pink-coloured ribbands, and enriched with a vast profusion of diamonds. This ballet was performed three times at proper intervals. Those who had seen it once, passed into the gallery, and other apartments, giving way to a new set of spectators. In the garden, on a rising ground opposite to the palace windows, a temporary fabric was erected in the form of a large and magnificent temple. This was illuminated by an incredible number of lamps, and gave the appearance of a very extraordinary piece of architecture, which continued flaming through the whole night, and had a very fine effect, viewed from Vienna, and other places at a greater distance. tor. The emperor mixed with the company without ceremony or distinction, taking no part himself but as a spectaHe was conversing in the middle of the hall, in the most familiar manner, with an English gentleman, without observing, that the third ballet was going to be danced, when the master of the ceremonies whispered him in the ear. The emperor, seizing the Englishman by the arm, said, Allons, monsieur, on nous chasse-il faut se retirer; and immediately walked into another room, to give place to others who had not yet seen the dance. This very splendid entertainment was given to the archduke, and the princess of Modena, whose usual residence is at Milan. The empress, thus surrounded by her offspring, appeared cheerful and happy.-She seemed to enjoy the vivacity, and sympathize with the gaiety, of the company. She is greatly beloved by her own children, and by her subjects in general, whom she also considers as her children in a greater degree than is usual for sovereigns. It is an error to imagine, that great devotion has a ten |