would find that this present war would be one not of the smallest, if one would calmly think it out.” Thuc. vi. 18. 3 ἐν τῷδε καθέσταμεν, διὰ τὸ ἀρχθῆναι

...

ἂν ὑφ ̓ ἑτέρων αὐτοῖς κίνδυνον εἶναι, εἰ μὴ αὐτοὶ ἄλλων ἄρχοιμεν = we are in this position, because there would be danger of ourselves coming under the control of the rest, if we did not ourselves control others." Dem. Olynth. i. p. 16. 8 λογιζομένους, εἰ Φίλιππος λάβοι καθ ̓ ἡμῶν τοιοῦτον καιρὸν καὶ πόλεμος γένοιτο πρὸς τῇ χώρα, πῶς ἂν αὐτὸν οἴεσθε ἑτοίμως ἐφ ̓ ὑμᾶς ἐλθεῖν 198 "considering that if Philip were to get against us such an opportunity, and war were to break out against the land, with what willingness do you think he would come against you?"

=

Thuc. vi. 33. 2 ὥρμηνται ἡγούμενοι, εἰ ταύτην σχοῖεν,
ῥᾳδίως καὶ τἄλλα ἕξειν = " they have started on their
way, thinking that, if they were to get possession (of
this land of ours), or-I should rather say-if they
shall get possession of it, they will easily get the rest
also."

Dem. de Fals. Leg. p. 361. 29 τίν ̓ ἂν οὖν οἴεσθε . . . τοὺς
προγόνους ὑμῶν, εἰ λάβοιεν αἴσθησιν, ψῆφον ἢ γνώμην
θέσθαι περὶ τῶν αἰτίων τοῦ τῶν Φωκέων ὀλέθρου; ἐγὼ μὲν
γὰρ οἶμαι κἂν καταλεύσαντας αὐτοὺς ταῖς ἑαυτῶν χερσὶ
καθαροὺς ἔσεσθαι νομίζειν = “ of what kind then do you
think that your forefathers, if they recovered conscious-
ness, would give a vote or an opinion about those who
were the cause of the destruction of the Phocians? For
my part I think that even if they went so far as to
stone them with their own hands, they would so and
so only consider that they were on the way to
absolution."
Theophrastus περὶ ἀδολεσχίας: καὶ εἰ ποιήσειεν ὁ Ζεὺς ὕδωρ,
τὰ ἐν τῇ γῇ βελτίω ἔσεσθαι = “ and if it were to rain,
or rather if it shall rain, it will be better for the
crops.'

"? 198a

(γ) Herod. iii. 105 αὐτίκα γὰρ οἱ μύρμηκες ὀδμῇ, ὡς δὴ λέγεται ὑπὸ Περσέων, μαθόντες διώκουσι· εἶναι δὲ ταχυτῆτα οὐδενὶ ἑτέρῳ ὁμοῖον, οὕτω ὥστε εἰ μὴ προλαμβάνειν 1988 τῆς ὁδοῦ τοὺς Ινδους ἐν ᾧ τοὺς μύρμηκας συλλέγεσθαι, οὐδένα ἄν σφεων ἀποσώζεσθαι = “for in a trice the ants, by the scent, as indeed is professed by the Persians, perceiving

them, give chase; being in the matter of speed like to no other creature; insomuch that if the Indians were not to get well on their ways whilst the ants are assembling, not one of them would get safely off."

(β) Soph. Ant. 710 ἀλλ ̓ ἄνδρα κεἴ τις ᾖ σοφός,1988 τὸ μανθάνειν πόλλ' αἰσχρὸν οὐδὲν καὶ τὸ μὴ τείνειν ἄγαν = “but that a man, even if soever he is wise, learn much is no disgrace, and that he be not obstinate."

(α) Thuc. iii. 102. 7 πείθουσιν λέγοντες ὅτι ἢν τούτων κρατήσωσι, πᾶν τὸ ἠπειρωτικὸν Λακεδαιμονίοις ξύμμαχον καθεστήξει = “ they try to persuade them, saying that if truly they shall have-got the mastery here, the whole of the continent will have been settled in alliance with the Lacedaemonians."

Plat. de Legg. iii. p. 683 Β εἰ γοῦν

τις ἡμῖν ὑπόσχοιτο θεὸς ὡς, ἐὰν ἐπιχειρήσωμεν . τῶν νῦν εἰρημένων λόγων οὐ χείρους . . . ἀκουσόμεθα, μακρὰν ἂν ἔλθοιμι ἔγωγε, . . = “if for example any god were to promise us, that if truly we shall have-set to work we shall hear arguments no worse than those we have just heard, I at least would go a long way

(β) Herod. vi. 57 τὰ δὲ ἄλλα τὰ εἰρήναια κατὰ τάδε σφι δέδοται· ἣν θυσίην τις δημοτελῆ ποιέηται, πρώτους ἐπὶ τὸ δεῖπνον ἵζειν τοὺς βασιλῆας = “but in the other matters, those which occur in times of peace, their privileges have been thus allotted to them; viz.-that if truly a man shall give a public sacrifice, the kings advance to the principal seat at the feast."

Xen. Cyr. i. 4. 28 λέγεται . . . ἐνταῦθα δὴ τὸν Κῦρον γελάσαι τε ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δακρύων καὶ εἰπεῖν αὐτῷ θαρρεῖν ἀπιόντι, ὅτι παρέσται αὐτοῖς ὀλίγου χρόνου, ὥστε ὁρᾶν ἐξέσται κἂν βούληται ἀσκαρδαμυκτί = “ it is said that thereupon Cyrus both broke into smiles after his preceding tears, and told him to go off with a brave heart, because he would be present with them within a brief space of time, so that it would be possible for him to

see him, and if truly he should so please, without winking his eyes." Xen. Anab. iii. 2. 25 ἀλλὰ γὰρ δέδοικα μή, ἂν ἅπαξ μάθωμεν ἀργοὶ ζῆν καὶ ἐν ἀφθόνοις βιοτεύειν, καὶ Μήδων δὲ καὶ Περσῶν καλαῖς καὶ μεγάλαις γυναιξὶ καὶ παρθένοις ὁμιλεῖν, μὴ ὥσπερ οἱ λωτοφάγοι ἐπιλαθώμεθα τῆς οἴκαδε ὁδοῦ "but I fear lest, if truly we shall once have-learnt to live idle and to pass our time in plenty, and to associate with the handsome and strapping women and maidens of the Medes and Persians, lest (I say) like the lotuseaters we shall forget the way home."

Aristot. Rhet. ii. 21. 11 χρῆσθαι δὲ δεῖ καὶ ταῖς τεθρυλημέναις καὶ κοιναῖς γνώμαις, ἐὰν ὦσι χρήσιμοι= “and one ought to use also well-worn and common sayings, if truly they shall be useful." 199

Aristot. 'Αθην. πολιτ. c. 40 λέγων ὅτι νῦν δείξουσιν εἰ βούλονται τὴν δημοκρατίαν σώζειν καὶ τοῖς ὅρκοις ἐμμένειν· ἀφέντας μὲν γὰρ τοῦτον προτρέψειν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους, ἐὰν δ ̓ ἀνέλωσιν, παράδειγμα ποιήσειν ἅπασιν = “telling them that now they will show whether they are desirous of saving the state and abiding by their oaths. For that if on the one hand they shall have-let this culprit off, they will offer an inducement to the rest of the world to do likewise but if truly they shall have-put him to death, they will provide a warning to all."

..;

Isocr. Trapezit. p. 359. b. ἐπιστέλλει δὲ . . .· ἐὰν δὲ τούτων
μηδὲν ποιῶ, παρ' ὑμῶν ἐξαιτεῖν = “and he enjoins
but that if truly I shall be for not so acting, to ask
from you."

Dem. Mid. p. 524. 9 πᾶσιν ὑπισχνοῦνται τοῖς ἐν τῇ πόλει
δίκην, ἂν ἀδικηθῇ τις, ἔσεσθαι δι' αὐτῶν λαβεῖν = " they
(sc. the laws) promise to all in the state that it shall be
possible through them to obtain a recompense, if truly
any one shall have-been injured."

(α) Lysias c. Philon. p. 189. 20 ἀκούω δ ̓ αὐτὸν λέγειν ὡς, εἴ τι ἦν ἀδίκημα τὸ μὴ παραγενέσθαι ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ, νόμος ἂν ἔκειτο περὶ αὐτοῦ διαρρήδην = "but I hear that he says that if it had been in any sense a wrongdoing not to present oneself on that occasion, a law would have been enacted upon the point in express terms."

(β) Soph. Εl. 312 μὴ δόκει μ' ἄν, εἴπερ ἦν πέλας, | θυραῖον

οἰχνεῖν· νῦν δ ̓

"do not imagine that I should,

if at least he had been near, have come abroad; but, as

it is.

=

Plat. Cratyl. p. 403 C οἴει οὖν τὸν Αιδην οὐκ ἂν πολλοὺς
ἐκφεύγειν, εἰ μὴ τῷ ἰσχυροτάτῳ δεσμῷ ἔδει τοὺς ἐκεῖσε
ιόντας ; =
do you not think, then, that many would
have escaped Hades, if he had not bound with the
strongest of bonds those journeying thither?"
Dem. de Fals. Leg. p. 345. 10 εἰ πάνυ πολὺν . . . χρόνον
ἐσκόπει Φιλοκράτης, . . . πῶς ἂν ἄριστα ἐναντιωθείη τῇ
εἰρήνῃ, οὐκ ἂν αὐτὸν ἄμεινον εὑρεῖν οἶμαι ἢ τοιαῦτα
γράφοντα = “ if for ever such a length of time Philocrates
had been considering how best he should set himself in
opposition to the peace, I do not think he would have
found a better way than by writing as he did."
Dem. de Fals. Leg. p. 407. 21 εἰ ἐκρινόμην μὲν ἐγώ, κατηγόρει
δ ̓ Αἰσχίνης ουτοσί, Φίλιππος δ ̓ ἦν ὁ κρίνων, εἶτ ̓ ἐγὼ
μηδὲν ἔχων εἰπεῖν ὡς οὐκ ἀδικῶ κακῶς ἔλεγον τουτονὶ καὶ
προπηλακίζειν ἐπεχείρουν, οὐκ ἂν οἴεσθε καὶ κατ ̓ αὐτὸ τοῦτο
ἀγανακτῆσαι τὸν Φίλιππον, εἰ παρ ̓ ἐκείνῳ τοὺς ἐκείνου τις
εὐεργέτας κακῶς λέγοι; = “ if I had been on my trial, and
Aeschines here had been playing the part of accuser,
and Philip had been the judge; and then I, having
nothing to say for my own innocence had been betaking
myself to bad language against the present respondent,
and had been essaying to heap mud upon him, do you
not think that, even on this very ground, Philip would
have become indignant, if in his presence one were to
be using bad language against his well-wishers?"
See also Dem. Mid. p. 517. 16.

(γ) Herod. iii. 108 λέγουσι δὲ . . . ., ὡς πᾶσα ἂν γῆ ἐπίμπλατο τῶν ὀφίων τούτων, εἰ μὴ γενέσθαι 200 κατ ̓ αὐτοὺς οἷόν τι καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἐχίδνας ἠπιστάμην γίνεσθαι = " but they say that the whole of the land would have been getting filled with these serpents, if something had not happened against them, like that which I learnt happened against the vipers."

(β) Dem. Mid. p. 554. 2 ἐγὼ δ' αὖ τοὐναντίον οἶμαι εἰ τοῦτον

ii. Introductory verb-Past or its equivalent.

=

ἀφῆκα, λελοιπέναι μὲν . . . τὴν τοῦ δικαίου τάξιν, φόνου
δ ̓ ἂν εἰκότως ἐμαυτῷ λαχεῖν· οὐ γὰρ ἦν μοι δήπου βιωτὸν
τοῦτο ποιήσαντι 201
"but I again, on the contrary, think
that, if I had let this man go, I had finally abandoned
the post of right action, and should have laid myself
open with justice to an indictment for murder. For
never had life, surely, been liveable for me, had I done
such a thing."

135. ii. Indirect speech after an introductory verb in the Past, or an equivalent to a Past, tense.

(α) Soph. Phil. 610 τά τ' ἄλλ ̓ αὐτοῖσι πάντ ̓ ἐθέσπισεν | καὶ τἀπὶ Τροίᾳ πέργαμ ̓ ὡς οὐ μήποτε | πέρσοιεν, εἰ μὴ τόνδε πείσαντες λόγῳ | ἄγοιντο νήσου τήσδ' = “all else he rehearsed to them and also the bulwarks of Troy, how that they should never destroy them, unless they persuaded this hermit and brought him away for themselves from this island."

Plat. Gorg. p. 461 Α ἐκείνους εἶπον τοὺς λόγους, ὅτι εἰ μὲν κέρδος ἡγοῖο εἶναι τὸ ἐλέγχεσθαι, ὥσπερ ἐγώ, ἄξιον εἴη διαλέγεσθαι, εἰ δὲ μή, ἐᾶν χαίρειν = "I said what I did, viz.—that if you thought it an advantage to be confuted, as I did, it was worth while to argue: but if not, then it was better to leave it alone."

(β) Thuc. i. 72. 4 ἔφασαν βούλεσθαι καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐς τὸ πλῆθος εἰπεῖν, εἴ τι μὴ κωλύοι = " they said that they wished themselves to address the assembly, if there was no objection."

Thuc. iii. 10. 6 καὶ πιστοὺς οὐκέτι εἴχομεν ἡγεμόνας ̓Αθη ναίους, παραδείγμασι τοῖς προγιγνομένοις χρώμενοι· οὐ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς οὓς μὲν μεθ ̓ ἡμῶν ἐνσπόνδους ἐποιή σαντο καταστρέψασθαι, τοὺς δὲ ὑπολοίπους, εἴ ποτε ἄρα ἐδυνήθησαν, 2014 μὴ δρᾶσαι ταῦτα = “and trustworthy leaders we no longer had in the Athenians, using at least as precedents what had just before been happening. For it was not likely in their case, that whereas they subjected to their own sway those whom along with us they had-taken into relations with themselves, yet by us, who were left unsubjected, they would act differently, if in truth they ever got the chance."