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229. (ii.) The introductory verb being in the past, or an equivalent to a past, tense: there-normally-3

333

Indirect speech.

IN THE PROTASIS

Perfects remain perfects; imper-
fects remain imperfects.

Indicatives become past subjunc-
tives; the future indicative
passing into the past subjunc-
tive.

IN THE APODOSIS

Perfects remain perfects; imperfects remain imperfects; and past tenses are used throughout.

Indicatives become, in primary clauses, the corresponding infinitives, with or without the accusative, as the case may be; in subordinate, subjunctives. Imperatives become past imperfects of the subjunctive. Subjunctives remain subjunctives.

230. i. Indirect speech after an introductory verb in Introductory the present tense. verb-present.

i.

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Tragic. Inc. Fr. Inc. 50 talí dari arma. . . | jubét, potiri sí studeamu' Pérgamum="to such an one does it bid arms to be given, if we desire to possess ourselves of Pergamus."

Cic. ad Fam. ix. 15. 4 an minus multa senatus consulta futura putas, si ego sim Neapoli?="or do you think that any fewer Acts will be passed, if I am at Naples?"

Cic. de Fin. i. 19. 62 sic enim ab Epicuro sapiens semper beatus inducitur; .. non dubitat, si ita melius sit, migrare de vita="for so by Epicurus the wise man is always brought in as blessed... he has no hesitation, if so it is better, in departing this life."

Cic. Tusc. i. 34. 82 vides nos, si ita sit, privari spe beatioris vitae="you see us, if the matter is so, being deprived of the hope of a more blessed life."

Cic. de Fin. ii. 18. 59 perspicuum st enim, nisi aequitas, fides, justitia proficiscantur a natura, et si omnia haec ad utilitatem referantur, virum bonum non posse reperiri "for it is clear, that unless righteous dealing, good

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faith, justice, proceed from nature, and if all these things are referred to utility, the good man is a thing not to be found."

Hor. Od. iii. 29. 57 non est meum, si mugiat Africis | malus procellis, ad miseras preces | decurrere="it is no part of mine, if the mast groans under African storms, to betake myself to pitiable entreaties." Liv. iii. 47 quid prodesse, si, incolumi urbe, quae capta ultima timeantur liberis suis sint patienda="where is there gain, he would like to know-if, with the city still safe, those misfortunes which are the last to be feared in the event of its capture, are to be endured in the persons of their children."

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Liv. vii. 18 quid se vivere, quid in parte civium censeri, si quod duorum hominum virtute, L. Sextii ac C. Licinii, partum sit, id obtinere universi non possint 334 "why are they in existence, why reckoned among the citizens, if what has been gained by the aid of two men, Sextius and Licinius, cannot be retained by the whole body?"

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Plaut. Aulul. ii. 2. 51 núnc si filiám locassim meám tibi, in mentém venit, | té bovem sse et mé sse asellum= now it occurs to me that, if I shall have placed my daughter in your care, you are the ox and I am the poor little ass."

Ter. Andr. i. 2. 28 té in pistrinum . . . dedam

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ea lége . . . út, si te inde exémerim, ego pro té molam ="I will hand you over to the bakery, on such conditions that, if I shall have taken you thence, I shall grind at the mill in your place."

Ter. Andr. iii. 2. 14 ut métui videar cérte si rescíverim "so that I seem to be certainly worthy of fear, if I shall have discovered the cheat."

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Ter. Haut. Tim. ii. 3. 74 in mea víta tu tibi laúdem is quaesitum, scelus? | úbi si paululum modo quid te fúgerit, ego périerim" in my very existence are you going about to glorify yourself, you rascal? Where, if only the smallest matter shall have escaped you, I shall have been utterly undone."

Cic. de Off. iii. 19. 75 itaque si vir bonus habeat hanc vim, ut, si digitis concrepuerit, possit in locupletium testamenta nomen ejus irrepere, hac vi non utatur, ne

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si exploratum quidem habeat, id omnino neminem umquam suspicaturum. At dares hanc vim M. Crasso, ut digitorum percussione haeres posset scriptus esse, qui re vera non esset haeres: in foro, mihi crede, saltaret "therefore if haply a good man shall have this power, that, if he shall have snapped his fingers, it will be possible for his name to creep into the wills of rich people, he will not-possibly-exercise this power: not even if haply the matter shall have been made quite clear to him, that the fact will never in any possibility be suspected by any one. But, under given circumstances, you should have been offering this power to Marcus Crassus, that by striking together his fingers, he could be entered as heir, while in fact he was not heir: he would have been, believe me, for dancing in the forum."

Caes. Bell. Gall. v. 29 suam sententiam in utramque partem esse tutam: si nil sit durius, nullo periculo ad proximam legionem perventuros: si Gallia omnis cum Germanis consentiat, unam esse in celeritate positam salutem="that his own advice was safely directed to either alternative: if no further mischief shall attend them, they will reach the nearest legion without an atom of danger: if Gaul in its entirety shall side with the Germans, their one hope of safety lies in rapidity."

Caes. Bell. Gall. vii. 32 si diutius alatur controversia, fore uti pars cum parte civitatis confligat="that if the controversy shall be further prolonged, the result will be collision between parties in the state."

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Plaut. Pseud. 25. R. i. 1. 23 has quídem pol credo, nísi Sibulla légerit, | intérpretari pótis esse alium néminem "these letters, in good sooth, I truly believe, unless the Sibyl shall have deciphered them, no one else than myself can interpret." Pompon. Gall. Transalp. 51 Mars, tíbi voveo factúrum,335 si umquam rédierit, | bidénti verre = "Mars, to thee I vow that I will sacrifice, if he shall have returned, with a two-year-old boar-pig."

Cic. ii. Verr. i. 4. 9 quis hoc non perspicit, praeclare nobiscum actum iri, si populus Romanus istius unius supplicio contentus fuerit ac non sic statuerit, non istum majus in sese scelus concepisse, quum fana

spoliarit. .., quam eos, si qui istum

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sententia sua liberarint?: "who does not clearly see this, that everything will be finely all up with us, if the Roman people shall have been content with the punishment of that individual man, and shall not have laid it down, that no greater crime has he fastened about his own shoulders, when he despoiled temples, than have they, if any there are, who on their oaths shall have given their votes in his favour?" Cic. pro Sull. 9. 27 quibus de rebus . . . hoc possum dicere, me. satis adeptum fore, si ex hoc tanto in omnis mortalis beneficio nullum in me periculum redundarit "about which matters I can say this, viz. that I shall have reaped sufficient reward, if from this so great service to all mankind no mischief to myself shall have overflowed.”

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Ov. Met. x. 618 quid quod amat, tantique putat conubia nostra, ut pereat, si me Fors illi dura negarit - 'nay he loves, and thinks wedlock with us of such a value, that he will die, if cruel Fate shall have denied me to him."

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Cic. de Off. iii. 26. 98 quid enim auditurum putas fuisse Ulixem, si in illa simulatione perseverasset?="for what do you think the verdict about Ulysses was about to be (= practically "would | have been "), if he were to have persevered in that pretence?"

Cic. de Divin. ii. 9. 22 an Cn. Pompeium censes tribus suis consulatibus, tribus triumphis, maxumarum rerum gloria laetaturum fuisse, si sciret, se. in solitudine Aegyptiorum trucidatum iri, amisso exercitu?" or do you think that Cnaeus Pompeius was about to glory (=practically "would have gloried") in his three consulships, his three triumphs, his lustre in the matter of the greatest achievements, if he were to have known that he was destined to lose his army and be butchered in a desert of the Egyptians?"

Cic. in Pison. 7. 14 quae quum reprehendis, ostendis qualis tu, si ita forte accidisset, fueris illo tempore consul futurus = "but when you cast such reproaches, you show what manner of consul you, if matters were

so perchance to have fallen out, were about at that time to be" (= practically "would have been "). Tac. Hist. ii. 77 absurdum fuerit 337 non cedere imperio ei, cujus filium adoptaturus essem, si ipse imperarem = “it will have been perchance absurd not to give way in the matter of supreme authority to one, whose son I was about to adopt (=should | have adopted), if I myself were to have been holding the supreme power."

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Accius Epinaus. 310 quantum obfúeris, si victús sies, | considera = "how great mischief you will perchance have done, if haply you shall have been beaten, consider."

Cic. de Fin. ii. 7. 22 unum nescio, quomodo possit, si luxuriosus sit, finitas cupiditates habere 339: one thing I do not know, and that is, how a man will perchance be able, if haply he shall be a devotee of luxury, to have other than unlimited desires." Cic. ad Fam. i. 7. 4 te perspicere posse, qui Ciliciam Cyprumque teneas, quid efficere et quid consequi possis: et, si res facultatem habitura videatur, ut Alexandriam atque Aegyptum tenere possis = "that you can clearly see, who have your hand upon Cilicia and Cyprus, what you can do and what obtain: and, if haply the matter shall seem feasible, how you shall perchance keep your hand on Alexandria and Egypt."

Cic. Tusc. i. 32. 77 numne vis igitur audire, cur, etiam si ita sit, mors tamen non sit in malis?="do you wish, then, to hear why, even if haply the matter shall be so, death will yet not perchance have to be classed among misfortunes?"

Tac. Hist. ii. 76 ipse qui suadet considerandus est adjiciatne consilio periculum suum, et si fortuna coeptis adfuerit, cui summum decus acquiratur="the adviser himself has to be looked at, to see whether he is adding to his advice peril to himself, and-if haply fortune shall have waited on the enterprise-for whom the chief glory will perchance be being acquired.",

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Plaut. Trin. 754. R. iii. 3. 25 quem fódere metuo, sónitum ne ille exaúdiat : | ne rem ípsam indaget, dótem dare si díxerim "and I am afraid to dig the place, lest he shall overhear the noise; lest he shall search out the

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