D. CONCLUSION 245. Such then, it is conceived, is the theory of the construction of Conditional Sentences in Greek and Latin : a subject requiring, no doubt, careful thought and considerable attention on the part of one who would master it, but still not, in itself, so difficult or abstruse as the confused and vague explanations of most grammarians and teachers tend to make it. "And albeit," as Lord Coke 348-into the society of whose aquilae, however, the present writer would not for a moment presume to intrude his own passerculi et columbuli 349 says of his own work, "albeit the reader shall not at any one day (do what he can) reach to the meaning . . . of our commentaries, yet let him no way discourage himself, but proceed for on some other day, in some other place, that doubt will be cleared." 246. If by the present essay and arrangement any step has been taken towards dispelling the mists which surround the subject with which they have to do, and towards the advancement of the philosophical study of the Greek and Latin languages, the main object of the writer will have been accomplished. NOTES A. TO THE INTRODUCTION 1. 1. It seems unnecessary to prove by examples—which indeed are of everyday occurrence-the positions in paragraphs 3, 4, and 5 of the text. As to the various tenses, however, the following remarks may be useful. 2. (a) Past time. 66 = "had (α) Perfect: Aristot. 'Αθην. πολιτ. c. 4 ἀπεδέδοτο correction. (β) Imperfect: Thuc. iii. 17. 1 κατὰ τὸν χρόνον ὃν αἱ νῆες (γ) Indefinite : Aristot. 'Αθην. πολιτ. c. 14 κατέσχε = “got 3. (b) Present time. : vicimus (a) Perfect Cic. ad Fam. xii. 6. 2 qui si conservatus erit, i For a good example of the use in French of the imperfect tense to denote that which in the view of the speaker was likely to happen see Balzac, La Cousine Bette (Euvres, Paris, 1869, x. 265), "Lisbeth triomphait donc," etc. 1. Tenses. (a) Past. (b) Present. Past indefinite. (B) Imperfect: Thuc. i. 121. 4 åλíσкovтαι=“they are on = = Thuc. vi. 20. 3 ἐπὶ ἃς μάλιστα πλέομεν = “we are thinking of sailing" the péλoμev λeiv of c. 21. 2. Id. vi. 34 vπodé xeraι="is ready to receive us." Ter. Eun. iv. 7. 41 quid nunc agimus? "what are we for doing?" "what shall we do?"-See Mr. Key's Latin Dictionary-a very mine of linguistic and philological wealth- -s.v. Ago, 35.-Andr. ii. 1. 21 hodie uxorem ducis="you are for marrying, intending to marry." iv 4. Nor again does it seem necessary to gather together examples, equally of everyday occurrence, of the past indefinite, when it is used in closely approximated meaning to a present tense, by virtue of such an employment of the former, "ut" -to quote the words of Madvig, Opusc. Acad. Alt. pp. 113 sqq. V ii Almost as much of a future as the μeλerhooμev which follows. So in i. 143. 6 πроσαπÓTα="is on the way to be, will be, lost as well." So Marlowe says (Jew of Malta v. p. 174 b) “Whilst you give assault unto the walls, I'll... open the gates for you to enter in; and by this means the city is your own ; Dekker (i. Honest Whore ad fin. p. 81, ed. Lond. 1873) "If you step one foot furder, you'll be overshoes . and if you fall into this whirlpool, where I am, y'are drowned"; Suckling (Aglaura iv. 1) "Your brother and myself, ... with some few chosen more, betimes will wait | the prince's passing through the vault; if he comes first, he's dead: and if it be yourself, | we will conduct you ."; Dryden (Limberham iii. 1) “You shall read it he'll know my hand, and I am ruined"; De Foe (Roxana p. 81, ed. Oxon. 1840) "Be easy, child; I hope you shall not die, and all you have is your own, to do what with it you please." So, in French, we have Molière (L'Amour Médecin ii. 4) “Si vous ne faites saigner tout-à-l'heure votre fille, c'est une personne morte. D. Si vous la faites saigner, elle ne sera pas en vie dans un quart d'heure"; Beaumarchais (Barbier de Séville ii. 15) "Si vous m'approchez, je m'enfuis de cette maison, et je demande retraite au premier venu. B. Qui ne vous recevra point." Cf. also infra, notes 47, 50. iii See Mr. Shilleto's note on Thuc. i. 127. 1. Add to the examples cited by him Plaut. Mostell. 17 (ed. Ritschl) =i. 1. 17 ín pistrinum hau scis actutum trádier = 66 'you do not realise that you are on the way to be, are being, will forthwith be, handed over." Compare in English, Shadwell, Bury Fair, iii. 1 "G. Then will I leave the Park. W. So will I and follow you to the Mall . . . G. I'll soon shake you off and go to the Drawing-Room. W. No sooner there but I am with you." The past imperfect is correspondingly used. See Text § 38 and note. iv So in Turpil. Boethunt. 3 "Eum dérepente dúcere uxorem aúdio." Cf. Molière, Tartuffe, v. 3 "Je lui donne ma fille et tout le bien que j'ai." ▾ So closely, indeed, as (a) now, to be accompanied by it; as in Hes. Op. 240 sqq.; Aesch. Ag. 1191; Simonid. Amorg. Fr. i. 18: (b) now, to be followed, in a subordinate sentence, by a subjunctive belonging to present time; as in Hom. Il. iv. 485 sqq. See below, note 8, 2-"ex re facta efficiatur sententia generalis, quum concludatur idem alias quoque fieri." 5. Of the present oblique moods of the same tense-as to which Madvig l.c. (p. 109) says: "Aoristus Graecorum indicativo modo praeteriti temporis est, extra indicativum et participium, omnino non magis praeteriti temporis quam praesentis propria forma est"- —we have such examples as Hom. I. iii. 414 μn σε μεθείω | τὼς δέ σ ̓ ἀπεχθήρω = . 6. On the imitative usage by the Latins of their past indefinite tense as closely approximating in meaning to the present, see Madvig ubi supra, epitomised below, note 8, 2. 7. Of (c) the Future tenses we have: of the (a) Perfect In Active form κεχαρησέμεν in Hom. Il. xv. 98. = TEОvýέw in various forms: as in Aesch. Agam. 1279; Ar. In Middle form Hom. Il. V. 238 δεδέξομαι; Ar. Ran. 258. 264 Ε διδάξεται, etc. In Passive form, or meaning Hom. Il. viii. 353 kekadŋσóμela [fut. pf. pass. in vi "Speak and your desire shall have become an accomplished fact." 2. Less strong are St. Matthew viii. 8 "Speak but the word only, and (c) Future. |