Buttmann Irreg. Gk. Verbs s.v., where it is mentioned as occurring in (amongst other places) Hom. Il. viii. 505 (ἄξασθε); 545 (ἄξαντο); Batr. 115 (ήξαν); 119 (agas); Antipho de Herod. caed. p. 134. 43 (ağa); Thuc. ii. 97. 3 (poonέav); Xen. Hell. ii. 2. 20 (karáέavτas). Even Dr. Rutherford (New Phrynichus p. 217) admits the form in Homer, Antipho, and Thucydides, while he refuses it to Aristophanes who was, if anything, senior to, and at any rate contemporary with, Thucydides,-Xenophon (!), and Lycurgus.cxi 3. In Ar. Ran. 468 ὃς τὸν κύν ̓ ἡμῶν ἐξελάσας τὸν Κέρβερον | ἀπῆξας ἄγχων κἀποδρὰς ἄχου λαβών, | ὃν ἐγὼ ἐφύλαττον, danças," says Buttmann l.c., "is from aráτTo; hence the latest editors"-among them Dindorf-"have distinguished it by the : see dioow"; under which latter word, Buttmann, after remarking that it is "in the Attics a dissyllable, and even in the Tragedians ooo or aσow"-cf. Pors. ad Eur. Hec. 31,-" commonly άττω or ἄττω, and so also ᾖξα, έξαι, with or without the iota," adds, "most probably the iota subscript in the Attic forms may be ascribed to the accuracy of the Grammarians. See Hemst. ad" Ar. "Plu. 733; Valck. ad" Eur. "Phoeniss. 1388"=1379 Dind. "and compare the various readings of the passages there mentioned. In pronunciation it was naturally distinguished by lengthening the a.' 172. 1. This passage is preserved to us, expressly as an example of the omission of the apodosis in the first member of bimembered sentences, as well by Eustathius p. 66. 31 as by cxi 1. According to Liddell and Scott's List of Authors, the floruit of Antipho was B.C. 440; of Pherecrates, 436; of Eupolis and Phrynichus, 429; of Plato (the comic poet), 428; of Aristophanes, 427; of Thucydides, 423; of Andocides, 415; of Lysias, 404; of Xenophon, 401; of Lycurgus, 337. 2. And yet Dr. Rutherford is never tired of telling us that, while in Aristophanes we have the perfection of Attic Greek, the language was not mature in the mouth of his junior, Thucydides ! 3. Compare, on the other hand, Meineke's remark (Fragm. Com, Gr. ii. p. 622) on Aristophanes' senior, Plato-himself a writer of the Old Comedy: "In Platone tamen, cujus oratio passim a severa Atticismi lege desciscit, ea forma' se, ἀποNéow in Plato 'EXX. Fr. 3, cited in the Text § 103 as a future of ảπóλvш: as to which see note 172 below-"fortasse nihil offensionis habere debet." 4. Is it not in fact somewhat too great a demand upon our credulity to ask us solemnly to believe, as Cobet and his school would have us do, that the great writers of Attic fame hugged, in proportion to their devotion to the purity of their own language, the linguistic fetters which these great scholars have in these later days forged for them? another scholiast (ap. Koen. ad Greg. Corinth. p. 48) in their comments on Hom. Il. i. 135-139 just cited above in the Text. 2. The particular reading, given in the Text, of this passage from the Comic writer Plato is that of Bergk (Comm. de Rel. Comoed. Att. Antiq. p. 384). Other readings are proposed and recorded by Meineke in his Fragm. Com. Gr. i. p. 170; ii. p. 622. All of them, however, leave–as they could not indeed fail to do the passage untouched as an example of the omission of apodosis in question. ἀπολέσω as 3. One of the readings just referred to is devoted to the elimination of the form aroléow as a future of amour, and the future of drosubstitution for it of the (so-called Attic) form arod. The form aroléro is however again found, as Meineke points out, in Plato's Zees Kakou. Fr. 7 God arr exo Tair eati Taplyous amodéro : where the same hand again corrects in order to get rid of it; and although Buttmann (Irreg. Gk. Verbs, s.v. Adua, p. 187 ed. 2 by Fishlake) relegates the use of oAéro as a future to "writers of a very late period," his translator very properly adds "what can Buttmann mean by stating low to be the usage of the later writers only? We find it in" Hom. “ Od.” xiii. “ 399; Hesiod” Op. et Di. “178" [ = 180 ed. Göttling], "and oooo" Hom. "Il." xii. "250"; to which last, Liddell and Scott add (s.v. öλλvμ) Hom. Od. ii. 49. There would appear to be no real reason for objecting to it in Plato. 173. On îv dè μý, and not ei dè μý, see above note 170. 8 sqq. 174. Similarly in modern languages we have such passages as the following: 1. Anon. The Returne from Pernassus. ii. 5 “I am to request your good mediation . . Am. O good sir, if I had known your mind before, for my father hath already given . . ."; St. Luke xix. 42 "if thou hadst known . . . the things which belong unto thy peace!" Disraeli Lothair i. c. 9 "ah! if he had been trained by your Eminence,' sighed Lady Jerome"; Mrs. Craik John Halifax, Gentleman ii. c. 12 “oh, if it had been a stranger, and not he ! If it had been any one in the world except my brother!" Anstey Vice Versû p. 136 weary? I tell you I'm sick of it. If I had only known what was in store for me before I had made such a fool of myself." Marlowe Edw. II. p. 192 a "ah! had some bloodless Fury rose from Hell, and with my kingly sceptre struck me dead, | when I was forced to leave my Gaveston!" Quarles Emblems: Epigr. i. "unlucky parliament ! wherein at last both houses are agreed and firmly past an act of death confirm'd by higher powers: | O had it had but such success as ours!" Goldsmith The Double Transformation “O had the archer ne'er come down to ravage in a country town! | or Flavia been content to stop | at triumphs in a Fleet Street shop! | O had her eyes forgot to blaze! | or Jack had wanted eyes to gaze! O! but let exclamations cease, her presence banish'd all his peace"; Shelley Cenci v. 1 "O had I never found in thy smooth and ready countenance | the mirror of my darkest thoughts: hadst thou | never with hints and questions made me look upon the monster of my thought, until it grew familiar to desire-." Dryden Limberham iii. 2 "if I could but resolve to lose no Hare's Memorials of a Quiet Life ed. 3 if you knew how much I wish ."; Rossetti Poems: Jenny "if but a woman's heart might see | such erring heart unerringly | for once!" Marlowe Edw. II. p. 189 a "'tis true, sweet Gaveston. O were it false !" cxia Jew of Malta v. p. 173 b "had we but proof of this"; Byron Occasional Pieces "the heart that gave itself with thee | is silent-ah, were mine as still!" M. G. Lewis Monk i. c. 2 "after consuming the day in study, if you knew my pleasure at meeting my brethren in the evening!" Shelley Revolt of Islam xi. 18 "O could I win your ears to dare be now glorious and great and calm!" 2. Beaumarchais Mariage de Figaro ii. 24 "ah, madame, quand je suis rentrée du cabinet, si vous aviez vu votre visage!" Clarétie M. le Ministre c. 7 "ah, si je vous avais connue !" Balzac La Cousine Bette p. 222 "ah! si ton père m'avait parlé comme cela!" Zola Pot Bouille c. 10 “si elle avait seulement connu les lois!" Alph. Daudet Sapho p. 136 "ah! si nous nous étions rencontrés plus tôt." Molière Misanthrope i. 2 "en eusses-tu fait une [sc. chute] à te cxia On the same page in a similar sentence we have the apodosis expressed : "O might I keep thee here as I do this, | happy were I! but now most miserable." casser le nez!" Beaumarch. Mariage de Figaro v. 18 “y fussiez-vous un cent!" Molière Tartuffe iii. 7 "si vous pouviez savoir avec quel La Fontaine Contes: La Courtisane Amoureuse "hélas ! si le passé dans votre esprit pouvoit être effacé"; Balzac La Cousine Bette p. 345 "ah! si l'on pouvait payer mes dettes, demande le baron"; pp. 232, 255; Splendeurs et Misères des Courtisanes p. 29 "s'il ne dispensait que son argent!" Octave Feuillet Histoire d'une Parisienne c. 6 "ah si les femmes pouvaient voir ce qui se passe dans le cœur d'un malheureux fils . . ."; Zola Pot Bouille c. 2 "ah! si c'était à refaire, et si j'avais seulement connu votre famille !" Renan Drames Philosophiques: L'Abbesse de Jouarre v. 2 "ah! maman, quand donc viendras-tu voir mes tulipes? si tu savais comme elles sont belles ! " cxib 3. Alfieri Saul i. 2 "ah, se vista l'avessi !" Nota Il Filosofo celibe ii. 3" se mi fosse dato d'incontrarla !" Ariosto La Lena iii. 4 "l'avessi jer saputo, che assettatola | un po l'avrei." Aretino Il Marescalco iv. 3 "la fortuna ha il crine dinanzi, G. Se ella lo avesse dietro"; Goldoni Il Ventaglio i. 4 "se potessi prevenirla"; Burbero Benefico ii. 9 "se sapeste il sacrifizio che è disposto di fare ! A. Se voi voleste prendervi questo incomodo!" Alfieri Saul ii. 1 "ah! s'io padre non fossi . . .!" Nota Il Filosofo celibe ii. 1 "oh se tu sapessi come scrive bene!" Petrarca In vita di Laura: Sestin i. 25 "prima ch' i' torni a voi, lucenti stelle, . . . vedess' io in lei pietà . : con lei ... cxib In Beaumarchais Tarare ii. 7 an apodosis, omitted in the first instance, is added as an afterthought: "ah s'il vous inspirait de nommer Altamort! | l'état serait vainqueur, il vous devrait son sort!" 175. Hom. Od. iii. 205. αἱ γάρ χ αϊ γάρ. 176. Hom. Od. xix. 311. 177. 178. Arist. H.A. viii. 21. καν. foss' io da che si parte il sole, e non ci vedess' altri che le stelle, sol una notte, e mai non fosse l'alba; e non si trasformasse in verde selva | per uscirmi di braccia, come il giorno che Apollo la seguia quaggiù per terra"; Strascino da Siena Delle bellezze della Dama 4 sqq. (Op. Burlesch. ed. 1760, ii. p. 216) "almanco foss' io un bel cantatore, | ch' io li potessi dir l'animo mio a chi m'incaloppiò col suo splendore." 4. Da Costa Sonnet (quoted by Bouterwek Hist. Portug. Lit. bk. iii. c. 2) “ah se ao menos teu nome ouvir pudéra | entre esta aura suave que respira!" 5. Schiller Wilhelm Tell i. 3 "O, hätt' ich nie gelebt, um das zu schauen!" Bürger Gedichte: Lenore st. 9 v. 4 “O, wär' ich nie geboren!" Goethe Balladen: Hochzeitlied st. 3 v. 4 "ja, wenn sie ein 175. Bekker, while properly omitting an accent on ai, when it is used in its ordinary sense of "if," inserts one when the word is used, as in the Text, in conjunction with yáp; writing the compound expression at yáp: and Liddell and Scott draw a distinction between, not merely the usages of the words, but between the very words themselves; treating al as the "Ep. and Dor. for ei, if" and aï as an "exclamation of strong desire O that would that! Lat. utinam, in Hom. always at yàp or at yàp δή.” But they immediately add "Att. ei yáp or yáp"; and there would seem to be no possible reason for the distinction, especially when we find as in the Text-ei yáp or ai yáp used in Homer without perceptible difference. 176. Note the av attracted away from the verb μakapico, to which it belongs, up to the side of the relatival particle ús, to which it does not belong. 177. See further notes 124a. 2; 127. 178. 1. Bonitz, in his Index Aristotelicus in the great Berlin edition (1831) of Bekker's Aristotle-s. v. av, evidently takes kav here as kai av: that is, as though κäv was merely equivalent to an epitatic κaí: as to which see below. 2. In = Soph. Αj. 1077 ἀλλ ̓ ἄνδρα χρή, καν σῶμα γεννήσῃ μέγα, | δοκεῖν πεσεῖν ἂν κἂν ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ, |