Si tibi simplicitas uxoria, deditus uni Est animus; submitte caput cervice parata Ferre jugum nullam invenies, quæ parcat amanti. Uxor, quisquis erit bonus optandusque maritus. 215 Jam senior, cujus barbam tua janua vidit.. camp thus every thing went on ill under his auspices. Happily for the army, he left it at last, having previously despatched his laurelled letters to Rome; where the obsequious senate decreed that medals should be struck, and statues raised to commemorate his success; and that he should come among them at all times in triumphal robes. G. LU. Suet. Dom. 2. 6. 13. Tac. Agr. 39 sqq. Mart. II. ii. VIII. xxvi. lxv. Stat. S. I. i. ii. 180 sq. IV. i. 2. ii. 66 sq. R. Understand numus, which took its name from the person represented thereon, as Philippus and Darius; Auson. Ep. v. and xvi. Jacobus, Louis d'or, Napoleon, &c. R. Having never met with any medal of Domitian with these titles, which are common on Trajan's coins, I rather think the latter are here meant, and, consequently, that the satire was not written till Trajan's reign. ACH. See CAR, L. ix. p. 215. Martial dedicates his eighth book, Imp. Cæs. Aug. Germanico Dacico. G. 'On the legend of the gold.' ACH. Scriptus æterno Jupiter auro; Mart. XI. v. 3. cf. xiv. 291. R. "Meruit quo crimine servus 218. See 115. Literally persons living on the opposite banks of the same river.' SCH. 219. A pithy dialogue now follows, showing the high hand with which she carries her arbitrary measures. 220 Supplicium? Quis testis adest? Quis detulit? Audi; Nulla umquam de morte hominis cunctatio longa est.' "O demens, ita servus homo est? Nil fecerit, esto: Hoc volo, sic jubeo, sit pro ratione voluntas." " Imperat ergo viro; sed mox hæc regna relinquit 225 Permutatque domos et flamea conterit: inde Advolat et spreti repetit vestigia lecti. Ornatas paulo ante fores, pendentia linquit 230 Quinque per auctumnos: titulo res digna sepulcri. Crucifixion, as is well known, was the peculiar punishment of slaves, LI. and the lowest malefactors. cf. Cic. Verr. v. 6. R. (xiii. 105. Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 20. de V. B. 19.) It was abolished by Constantine on his conversion. PR. The husband mildly ventures to suggest, that it might be humane, at least, to have legal evidence of the culprit's guilt. BR. What is the charge? What is the evidence? Who laid the information?' LU. cf. 552. x. 69 sq. The following piece of advice is among D. Cato's wise sayings: nil temere uxori de servis crede querenti; Dist. iv. 45. R. 220. Hear all there is to be said,' or 'what he has to say for himself.' R. audi alteram partem. 221. Among the Romans the execution of offenders was delayed, by decrees of the senate, for ten days. PR. Potest enim pæna dilata exigi, non potest exacta revocari; Senec. LU. de vita et spiritu hominis laturum sententiam diu multumque cunctari oportere, nec præcipiti studio, ubi irrevocabile sit factum, agitari; Amm. Marcell. But this humane sentiment was anticipated by the Grecian legislator: vos 220 g) θανάτου, μὴ μίαν μόνον ἡμέραν κρίνειν ἀλλὰ Toads Plat. Ap. Socr. G. 222. Thou driveller! So, a slave is a man!' M. Servi sunt, imo homines; servi sunt, imo conservi; et ex iisdem tecum elementis constant alunturque, atque spiritum eumdem ab eodem principio carpunt, &c. Macr. S. i. 11. Sen. Ep. 47. PR. cf. xiv. 16 sq. Flor. iii. 20. R. 224. Even this absolute tyranny will not long content her wanton caprices: but she abdicates her despotic sway, where her word was a law, and sallies forth in search of new conquests.' M. cf. Prop. II. xvi. 28. IV. vii. 50. Cic. ad Div. IX. xviii. n. 6. R. See also Pope Mor. Ess. ep. ii. 217 sqq. 225. And by her frequent weddings wears out her bridal veil.' VS. ii. 124. PR. 226. Returns to her first husband.' LU. 227. Before the expiration of the last honey moon.' See 79. PR. and 52. M. 228. In the interior of their houses they had few doors; the entrances to the apartments were closed by hangings of tapestry; ix. 105. Poll. x. 32. R. 229. See 146. Eight husbands in five years.' Julia lex ex quo renata est, certe non plus tricesima lux est, et nubit decimo jam Thelesina viro. quæ nubit toties, non nubit; adultera lege est; Mart. VI. vii. inscripsit tumulo septem celebrata virorum SE FECISSE Chloe: quid pote simplicius ? Id. IX. xvi. PR. In the former epigram there would be little poin? unless lege is taken to mean not indeed according to the letter of the law, but unquestionably according to the spirit of it.' As the dervise told the king of Tartary that he ought not to consider the mansion which had experienced such a succession of occupants in the light of a palace, as it was to all intents and purposes no better than a caravansary. Hor. II S. ii. 129 sqq. 230. As to the latter epigram it may be observed that, although it was cus tomary for ladies to have their husbands' names recorded on their monuments, yet virtuous matrons prided themselves on having been the wife of but one man, and would naturally wish to have this honorable distinction specified on their Desperanda tibi salya concordia socru. Nil rude nec simplex rescribere: decipit illa Impatiensque moræ pavet et præputia ducit. Scilicet exspectas, ut tradat mater honestoster 240 Atque alios mores, quam quos tomb: in lapide huic uni nupta fuisse legar; Prop. IV. xi. 36. and again; filia, tu fac teneas unum, nos imitata virum; Id. 68. This passage then is a bitter, perhaps an overcharged, sarcasm on the wives of his time, who were so lost to all sense of decorum, as to be nothing loath to have their incontinence blazoned on their tombstones; R. G. just in the same way, as Chloe was of such brazen effrontery, that she would not have cared if her epitaph (titulus) had not only enumerated her husbands, but also stated the fact that she had been instrumental to their deaths. 231. Salva as long as she lives.' SCH. 232. See 149. 210. R. and note on parentes, 13. "With savage joy, to fleece A bankrupt spouse." G. 233. By the seducer.' cf. 277 sq. xiv. 25-30. and the quotation from Lucian at 434 sqq. R. scriptæ tabellæ ; Ov. A. A. iii. 621 sqq. 234 To write back.' 141. R. 235. The spies set on her daughter's conduct by the suspicious husband.' PR. M. cf. Ov. A. A. iii. 601 sqq. 611 sqq. 652 sqq. LU. See also 357 sq. R. Though her daughter is perfectly well:' fallax agrotat; Ov. A. A. iii. 641 sqq. LU. 236. She calls in Archigenes:' a firstrate physician in the reigns of Domitian, Nerva, and Trajan. VS. LU. xiii. 98. xiv. 252. He was a native of Apamea in Syria, and the author of many medical works. By Archigenes here is meant any medical man; as by Heliodorus, 373. BO. The mother's object is to get her son-inlaw removed from his wife's room, on the pretence of keeping her quite quiet. R. It may be thought that the lover was to be introduced in a doctor's disguise. VS. Our author perhaps hints at the immorality of the physicians themselves, as being either principals or accessories in the crime. Plin. xxix. 1 Mart. XI. lxxii. HN. Tosses off the bed-clothes as too heavy.' LU. Ov. Am. I. ii. 2. Her. xxi. 169 sq. Prop. IV. iii. 31. viii. 87. cf. Plaut. Truc. II. v. 26. R. 238. Is all in a tremor.' Lætusque per artus horror iit; Stat. Th. i. 493 sq. spesque audaxque una metus et fiducia pallens: nil fixum cordi: pugnant exire paventque: concurrit summos animosum frigus in artus; Id. vi. 393 sqq. it membris gelidus sudor: lætoque pavore promissa evolvit ; Sil. iii. 215 sq. xvi. 432. H. 239. Cf. xiv. 25 sqq. R. Do you expect forsooth?' 75. ii. 104. R. 240. Lucrative:' the old beldame makes money by it. R. 241. To bring forth;' viii. 271. Cic. Verr. i. 12. Sil. i. 112. or to bring up :' xiv. 228. Plaut. Asin. III. i. 40. Bac. III. ii. 51. R. or to prostitute.' VS. Κακοῦ κόρακος κακὸν ὠόν. LU. 242. " Where a woman has not a finger in the pie.' 243. If she be not defendant, she will be plaintiff.' M. Manilia. There was a common woman of this name, who was prosecuted Componunt ipsæ per se formantque libellos, 245 Principium atque locos Celso dictare paratæ. Endromidas Tyrias et femineum ceroma Quis nescit? Vel quis non vidit vulnera pali? Quem cavat adsiduis sudibus scutoque lacessit Atque omnes implet numeros, dignissima prorsus 250 Florali matrona tuba; nisi si quid in illo for wounding a magistrate with a stone : Gell. iv. 14. PR. V. Max. viii. 3. auras ἀδικοῦσαι καὶ προσεγκαλοῦσ ̓ ἔτι· Alex. quoted at 136. R. 244. They draw up and frame indictments without any help from the attorney.' LU. In our civil-law courts the term libellus is still in use, and answers to a declaration' at common law, which contains the complaint. M. 245. Both the exordium and the topics to be used;' LU. or the title and section of the law on which the stress of the action rests:' PL. both chapter and verse,' as we say. A. Corn. Celsus, who died in the reign of Tiberius, left behind him seven books of Institutes. VS. He also wrote both on rural and military affairs: but he is best known as a physician. Quint. XII. ult. PR. It is customary with our author to give the name of some well-known professor of a former age to some contemporary master of the art. G. There was also a P. Juventius Celsus, who was prætor (A.U. 854) under Trajan, and consul for the second time (A.U.882) under Hadrian. He was an eminent lawyer, and wrote Commentaries, and Books of Letters, Digests, and Questions. His father bore the same name, and is occasionally mentioned in the Digests. GR. HK. R. dabant. palorum autem usus non solum militibus, sed etiam gladiatoribus plurimum prodest, a singulis tironibus singuli pali defigebantur in terram, ita ut nutare non possent et sex pedibus eminerent. contra illum palum, tamquam contra adversarium, tiro cum crate illa et clava velut cum gladio se exercebat et scuto; ut nunc quasi caput aut faciem peteret: in qua meditatione servabatur illa cautela, ut ita tiro ad inferendum vulnus insurgeret, ne qua parte ipse pateret ad plagam; Veget. i. 11. LU. R. The words sudes' stakes' (iv. 128.) and rudes wooden foils' are sometimes confounded. Probably rudibus is the correct reading here. SV. LI. vibrare sudem; Sil. viii. 554. i. 321. cf. Liv. xl. 6.9. [xxvi, 51, f. ED.]Ov. A. A. iii, 515. Veget. ii. 43. Prop. VI. i. 29. vectes; Veget. i. 9. vágónues waxus Xen. Cyr. ii. 3. 17 sq. R. Ov. F. ii. 367. H. 4 249. Goes through all the movements of the exercise,' M. or' performs the whole exercise with precision at the word of command.' LU. cf. Plin. Ep. ix. 38. Pan. 71. Cic. Div. i. 13. R. 250. The trumpet which assembled (iii. 34 sq) the courtezans at the festival of Flora.' Lactant. i. 20. LU. Pers. v. 178. Ov. F. v. 183–378. PR. V. Max. II. x. 8. Sen. Ep. 97. Plin. xviii. 29. Varr. L. L. iv. 10. vi. 3. R. see also x. 214. Virg. Æ. v. 113. LI. The Floralia were first sanctioned by the government in the consulship of Claudius Centho, and Sempronius Tuditanus, (A. U. 513.) out of the fines then exacted for trespasses on the grounds belonging to the people: (this is Ovid's story:) even then, they were only occasional; but about eighteen years afterwards, on account of the unfavourable spring, the senate decreed that they should be celebrated annually, as the most effectual method to propitiate the goddess of the season. They probably had their rise in a very remote age, and, like the SAT. VI. Pectore plus agitat veræque paratur arenæ. Lupercalia, were the uncouth expressions of gratitude of a rude and barbarous race, handed down by tradition, adopted by a people as yet but little refined, and finally, degenerating into licentiousness amidst the general corruption of manners. These games were celebrated on the last day of April, and the first and second day of May; and with an indecency hardly credible amongst civilized people. The lowest women appeared upon the stage, and exhibited a variety of obscene dances, feats of agility, &c. These miserable wretches assembled at the sound of a trumpet; and the leader of this immodest band must have certainly required all the impudence, and all the profligacy, which Juvenal sees in his female fencer. The people claimed a privilege of calling upon them, to strip themselves; which was regularly done with immense applause! Val. Maximus says, that when Cato once happened to be present at these games, the spectators were ashamed to call upon the ladies as usual. Cato, who seems to have expected it, asked his friend Favorinus, why they delayed; and was answered, out of respect to him; upon which he immediately left the theatre, to the great joy of the people, who proceeded to indemnify themselves for their reluctant forbearance. Martial has an epigram on this anecdote, in which he puts a very pertinent question: "since you Why," says he to Cato, knew the nature of these games, did you go into the theatre? was it merely that you might come out again?" By the way, among many other puzzling circumstances in the Roman history, how are we to account for the high character which Cato obtained from his countrymen. A parent without affection, a husband without attachment, a master without humanity, and a republican without political honesty, he has yet come down to us, as one of the most virtuous men of his age! In his actions, there would seem little more than proofs of a 44 hard heart, a wily head, and an im- The word matron' is used with indig- Nisi si; Ov. Her. iv. 111. H. 252. What sense of shame can there 253. Robust and manly fexercises.' LU. 254. How little is our pleasure in 255. Of wife's wardrobe.' 256. These arms are those of the The left leg' was advanced when PR. |