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Concubitus! quæ vox saltante libidine! quantus
Ille meri veteris per crura madentia torrens !
320 Lenonum ancillas posita Saufeia corona
Provocat et tollit pendentis præmia coxa
Coxæ.
Ipsa Medullinæ fluctum crissantis adorat:
Palmam inter dominas virtus natalibus

Nil ibi per ludum simulabitualibus æquat.

omnia fient 325 Ad verum, quibus incendi jam frigidus ævo

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Laomedontiades et Nestoris hernia possit."

Tunc prurigo moræ impatiens, tunc femina simplex,
Et toto pariter repetitus clamor ab antro:

"Jam fas est: admitte viros!" Jam dormit adulter,
330 Illa jubet sumto juvenem properare cucullo.
Si nihil est, servis incurritur. Abstuleris spem
Servorum, veniet conductus aquarius. Hic si

318.

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As lust dances in their veins.' cf. Arist. N. 1393. Aristan. Ep. ii. 5. Theocr. iii. 37. Call. H. in Cer. ER. R. 319. They have drunk so much, that they cannot retain the liquor.' GRÆ. 320. Saufeia, or Laufella,' ix. 117. xii. 45. Mart. III. Ixxii. a matron, challenges the common prostitutes (lenonis puellæ; 127.) to contend with her, and, by throwing each antagonist, bears off the prize: GRE. R. which was a gammon of bacon. VS. Furca levat ille bicorni sordida terga suis nigro pendentia tigno; Ov. M. viii. 647 sq. cf. vii. 119. xi. 82. H. RI.

Posita corona' a prize being proposed:' compare primum merui laude coronam; Virg. Æ. v. 355. with tres praemia primi accipient flavaque caput neclentur oliva: primus equum phaleris insignem victor habeto: 308 sqq. imitated by Silius xvi. 300 sqq. 506. viivai ästλa Hom. II.

653. 740. It might also mean her chaplet being laid aside.' R. cf. iii. 56.

322. Extols to the skies the graceful motion of the wanton Medullina.' Fluctum is a metaphor taken from the billows of the sea: thus αἰετὸς κνώσσων ὑγρὸν Tov aiwes Pind. P. iv. 16 sq.

323. Manly prowess raises the victorious fair to the level of high-born dames.' LU. R.

324. "Nothing is feign'd in this unnatural game." G.

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Another periphrasis: cf. iv. 107. The ruptured Nestor.' G. Ov. M. xii. PR. pondus Nestoris; Plaut. cf. x. 205. Cels. iii. 24, 9. v. 18. Mart. XI. lxxxiv. 5. R.

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327. The woman peeps out simple and undisguised.' GR. BRI.

328. The den;' probably some vaulted cellar in which their gross rites were carried on. R.

329. These words are addressed to the female porter. R.

The gallant is not yet up.'

330. The mistress tells her maid to go and bid the young man put on a hood, and come without delay.' R. cf. 118. M. See also Tib. I. ix. 71. quoted at v. 462.

331. If nothing of the kind is to be found.' LU. Arist. Th. 491 sq. LI. They fall foul of slaves.' cf. v. 279.

LU.

332. The attendant who drew water to fill the baths.' This class of men had got a bad name from being often hired

Quæritur et desunt homines; mora nulla per ipsam, Quo minus imposito clunem submittat asello. 335 Atque utinam ritus veteres et publica saltem His intacta malis agerentur sacra: sed omnes Noverunt Mauri atque Indi, quæ psaltria penem Majorem, quam sunt duo Cæsaris Anticatones, Illuc, testiculi sibi conscius unde fugit mus, 340 Intulerit, ubi velari pictura jubetur,

by the ladies to carry letters to their sweethearts: Festus. HN. The persons employed about the baths, we may conclude, would not be very attractive: and the office itself was looked upon as very degrading. note on Her. iii. 14.

333. There would be no hesitation on her part to follow the foul example of Pasiphae.' xii. 111 twice. R.

335. If such impurities must be, would they were restricted to modern rites and private occasions, that we might avoid the scandal which now arises from them.' VS.

336. It is known all over the world:' omnibus et lippis notum et tonsoribus esse, to be known all over the city; Hor. I S. vii. 3. R. to be matter of public notoriety.' ii. 58.

337. "What singing-wench produced his ware Vast as two Anticatos." G.

This was Clodius; who, when a very young man, had an intrigue with Pompeia, the wife of Julius Cæsar. As the lady was narrowly watched by her mother-in-law, Aurelia, they had few opportunities of meeting; this irritated their impatience, and forced them upon an expedient, as flagitious as it was new. The mysteries of the Bona Dea were so respected by the Romans, that none but women had the privilege of officiating at them; every male, even of animals, was driven from the house, and every statue, every picture of the masculine kind scrupulously veiled. Clodius dressed himself like a woman, and knocked at the door of Cæsar's house, where the mysteries were then celebrating. One of Pompeia's maids, who was in the secret, let him in ; but unluckily, while she was gone to acquaint her mistress with his arrival, the impatient Clodius advanced towards the assembly. On the way, he was met by another domestic, who, taking him for one of her own sex, began to toy with

him. Clodius was confused; which the other perceiving, insisted on knowing who and what he was. His voice, and still more his agitation, betrayed him. The women, struck with horror at such a profanation, covered the altar and the implements of sacrifice with a veil, and drove the intruder from the house. Immediately after, they left it themselves, and went to acquaint their husbands with the unprecedented abomination. Clodius was instantly accused, and would have been condemned; but for the clandestine influence of Pompey and Cæsar, (of whom he was a necessary tool,) and a species of bribery almost too infamous for belief, though asserted as a fact by Cicero, G.

338. The inference is that Pompeia loved Clodius, because he was more than twice the man that Cæsar was. Cæsar had not only seduced Servilia, the sister of Cato and mother of Brutus, x. 319. but had written two books, against Cicero's work entitled Cato,' which he named 'Anticato.' Suet. 56. Plut. V. Cæs. Opp. t. i. p. 733. c. Gell. iv. 16. Cic. Att. xii. 41. xiii. 48. Div. ii. 9. Top. 94. R.

The volumes of the ancients were so called from their cylindrical form. VS. GR. PR. There is also an insinuation that Cæsar's honour was more touched by his wife's infidelity, than Cato's was disparaged by all the obloquy with which Cæsar had assailed it. LU.

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339. Rites held so sacred that the presence of any male (were it the very least animal) would be a profanation.'

VS.

340. Submotis extra conspectum omnibus viris, ut picturae quoque masculorum animalium contegantur, &c. Sen. Ep. 97. R. Such extreme delicacy is not very unlike that of the maiden lady, who carried her notions of propriety so

Quæcumque alterius sexus imitata figuram est.
Et quis tunc hominum contemtor numinis? ́aut quis
Simpuvium ridere Numæ nigrumque catinum
Et Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas

345 Ausus erat? Sed nunc ad quas non Clodius aras?
Audio, quid veteres olim moneatis amici:

"Pone seram; cohibe." Sed quis custodiet ipsos
Custodes? Cauta est et ab illis incipit uxor.

Jamque eadem summis pariter minimisque libido, 350 Nec melior, silicem pedibus quæ conterit atrum, Quam quæ longorum vehitur cervice Syrorum.

Ut spectet ludos, conducit Ogulnia vestém,
Conducit comites, sellam, cervical, amicas,

far as never to allow of male and female authors occupying the same shelf in her library.

342. Quis; see note on iii. 49.

Even in those days, bad as they were, gross profaneness had never reached the height it now has.' cf. xiii. 53. LU. Juvenal is always laudator temporis acti; Hor. A. P. 173. SCH. Orthen' may refer to quodam, 288. and now,' 345. to nunc, 292. R.

343. Simpuvium from simul bibere, because all the priests drank from it :' VS. probably the same as simpullum or simpulum; vas parvum, non dissimile cyatho, quo vinum in sacrificiis libabatur; Fest. quo vinum dabant, ut minutatim funderent, a guttis gut tum appellarunt; et quo sumebant minutatim, a sumendo simpulum nominavere: in hujusce locum in conviviis e Græcia successit epichysis et cyathus, in sacrificiis remansit guttum et simpulum; Varr. L. L. iv. 26. R. in fictilibus prolibatur simpuviis (or simpullis); Plin. xxxv. 12 s 46. Cic. de Legg. iii. 36. Paupertas imperium populo Romano fundavit a primordio, proque eo in hodiernum diem diis immortalibus simpuvio et catino fictili sacrificat; Apul. Ap. p. 285, 41. PR.

' Of Numa,' who was the founder of religious rites at Rome. Flor. i. 2. PR.

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of pottery; and its name was derived from vaticinium: Gell. xvi. 17. Fest. PR.

345."Now daring Clodii swarm in every face." G.

346. Old-fashioned friends :' but the times are long gone by, when such precautions would have been of avail.' M. Olim; iv. 96. R.

347. Apposita sera; Ov. Am. III. xiv. 10. H.

Restrain her by surrounding her with spies and keepers,' after the Greek cus. tom. PTR, iv. 13. R.

348. She is cunning:' decipit illa custodes aut ære domat; 234 sq. Tac. A. xi. 35. Ov. Am. III. iv. A. A. iii. 611— 658. Prop. II. vi. 37 sqq. R.

350. The poor woman who tramps afoot over the muddy pavements.' LU. Prop. II. xxiii. 15. Prud. c. Sym. 582. The pavement at Rome consisted of hard lava. W, on Lucr. i. 316 sq. R.

351. Tall Syrians:' cf. i. 64 sq. PR. iii. 240. M.

352. Ogulnia, a poor but ambitious matron, whose character appears no better than that of any other lady of those days. LU. PR. cf. iii. 180–183. R.

In order to appear in style, she is obliged to hire every requisite.' ibid. and vii. 143. It is mentioned as characteristic of meanness: μὴ τρίασθαι θερα παίνας, ἀλλὰ μισθοῦσθαι εἰς τὰς ἐξόδους· Theoph. xxii. ČAS. R.

353. Matrons seldom went out without a large retinue of waiting-women' to accompany them. CAS.

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A chair and cushion ;' i. 65. in which

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Nutricem, et flavam, cui det mandata, puellam. 355 Hæc tamen argenti superest quodcumque paterni Levibus athletis ac vasa novissima donat.

Multis res angusta domi: sed nulla pudorem
Paupertatis habet, nec se metitur ad illum,

Quem dedit hæc posuitque modum. Tamen utile quid sit, 360 Prospiciunt aliquando viri; frigusque famemque

Formica tandem quidam expavere magistra.
Prodiga non sentit pereuntem femina censum
Ac, velut exhausta recidivus pullulet arca
Numus et e pleno semper tollatur acervo,

365 Non umquam reputat, quanti sibi gaudia constent.
(Sunt, quas eunuchi imbelles ac mollia semper

Oscula delectent et desperatio barbæ

Et quod abortivo non est opus. Illa voluptas
Summa tamen, quod jam calida matura juventa

she was carried to the Circus, and in formica laboris &c. Hor. I S. i. 33 sqq. FA.
which she sat while there. LI. LU.

" Female clients:' nec Laconicas mihi trahunt honestae purpuras clientae; Hor. 11 Od. xviii. 6 sq. R.

354. A nurse,' that she may appear to have a family. LU.

A yellow-haired girl, to pass for her confidante,' PR. and to attract notice, (see note on 120.) as it was considered a beauty to have such hair: Phyllis flava; Hor. II Od. iv. 14. flava Chloe; III Od. ix. 19. M. cf. v. 115. R

46

355 sq. Cf. 82 sqq. M. Mart. IV. xxviii. R. She wastes the wreck of her paternal store On smooth-faced wrestlers: wastes her little all, And strips her shivering mansion to the wall." G. 356. Levis; iii. 111. R. Novissimus; xi. 42. R.

357. Pudor paupertatis (1) a dread of the disgrace of poverty, especially as it is owing to her own folly and extravagance.' M. R. or (2) the modest frugality which is, or should be, attendant upon poverty,' FA. M. R. or (3) a fear of being ridiculed for the notorious discrepancy between her means and her expenses.' BRI. FA. paupertatis pudor et fuga; Hor. I Ep. xviii. 24.

R.

358. Cf. xi. 35 sqq. R.

359. Mensura census; xiv. 316. R. 360. Parvula (nam exemplo est) magni

Prov. vi. 6-8.

363. They act as if the money chest was like Fortunatus's purse in the story. FA.

"As if the gold, with vegetative power, Would bloom afresh, and spring from hour to hour." This is a plain allusion to a notion very generally received among the ancients, that mines, after being exhausted, sometimes reproduced their ores. G. Recidiva arborum sunt, quæ aliis sectis repullulant; Isidor. SC. Virg. Æ. iv. 344. Ov. F. iv. 45. Sen. Tro. 472. Claud. Phoe. 66. H. GRO. R.

364. Suave est ex magno tollere acervo ; Hor. I S. i. 51. R.

365. Their sensual indulgences.' PR. Tib. I. v. 39. &c. R.

366. Cf. i. 22. aiunt illos maximos mulierum amatores, sed nihil potesse; Ter. Eun. IV. iii. 23 sq. Mart. VI. lxvii. BRO. MU. JS. Sunt quas delectent: cf. Hor. I Od. i. 3. &c.

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Unwarlike,' a metaphor derived from the same source as prælia; Virg. G. iii. 98. Hor. I Od. vi. 17 sq. VS. Claud. in Eutr. ii. 271-283. R.

'Soft' i. e. beardless: mollia basia are opposed to duro ore; Mart. XI. xxii. 1 sq. R.

368. Cf. ii. 32. R.

369. Domitian, merely out of opposition to his brother Titus, prohibited the making

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370 Inguina traduntur medicis, jam pectine nigro.
Ergo spectatos ac jussos crescere primum
Testiculos, postquam cœperunt esse bilibres,
Tonsoris damno tantum rapit Heliodorus.
Conspicuus longe cunctisque notabilis intrat
375 Balnea, nec dubie custodem vitis et horti

Provocat, a domina factus spado. Dormiat ille
Cum domina: sed tu jam durum, Postume, jamque
Tondendum eunucho Bromium committere noli.)
Si gaudet cantu; nullius fibula durat

380 Vocem vendentis prætoribus: organa semper
In manibus: densi radiant testudine tota
Sardonyches: crispo numerantur pectine chorda,

of eunuchs, and was followed in this by
other emperors. Suet. Dom. 7. Mart.
VI. ii. IX. vii. ix. Stat. III S. iv. 53-
80. IV S. iii. 13 sqq. Xiph. lxvii. 2.
Philost. V. Ap. vi. 17. Phot. Bibl. p.
509? Amm. Marc. xviii. sq. R.
370.
Complete adults, in glowing
youth, (325. R.) with every sign of man-
hood.' M.

Medicis to the surgeons who are to perform the operation.' LU.

371 sqq. "When every part's to full perfection rear'd, And nought of manhood wanting, but the beard." G. Therefore the barber is the only (i. 136. VA.) loser: LU. as the shoemaker was the only sufferer by the Socratic philosophers going barefoot; Arist. N. 104. HN.

373. Heliodorus is the surgeon.' VS. Paul. Ægin. iv. 49. R.

374. Ingens semivir; 512 sq. grandes Gulli; Pers. v. 186. R.

375. The baths were the scene of much wickedness. ix. 35. xi. 156. Mart. I. xcvii. 11 sqq. R.

He challenges, without hesitation, Priapus himself. ii. 95. PR. Antip. Ep. iv. in Br. An. t. ii. p. 7. Tib. I. v. 27. HY. Cat. xix. 15. Diodor. iv. 6. R.

376. Domina; 30. R.

378. Bromius, a favourite youth of Ursidius, named perhaps after Bacchus from his beauty. LU. The origin of the epithet may be found in Ov.M. iii.288sqq. Committere noli do not allow this lad to enter the lists with the eunuch.' See note on i. 163. R. In what way, or why, neither does Juvenal say nor are the

commentators agreed; therefore it is needless to enquire.

379. Uxor is understood. LU.

No singer, but what she completely tires out by her unconscionable demands upon his vocal powers.' There is here a double periphrasis: (1) vocem vendentis prætoribus for cantoris; (as sua funera celsi Praetoris vendere ludis, viii. 192. 194. means to become gladiators;' R.) because the Prætor, who exhibited the games, hired the performers and (2) fibula (73. PR.) cantoris for cantor. BRI. LU. The object of infibulation was frustrated by their singing in private till they were hoarse, to please the ladies. M.

380. Musical instruments.' LU. 381. On the invention of the lyre by Mercury, see Hor. I Od. x. 6. III Oď. xi. 3. R. Of Phœbus it is said, instructam fidem gemmis et dentibus Indis sustinet a læva; tenuit manus altera plectrum; Ov. M. ii. 167. M. Some understand the sparkling of the jewels in the rings of the fair amateur.' LU.

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