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Tunc par ingenio pretium: tunc utile multis,.
Pallere et vinum toto nescire Decembri.

Vester porro labor fecundior, historiarum Scriptores: petit hic plus temporis atque olei plus; 100 Namque oblita modi millesima pagina surgit Omnibus et multa crescit damnosa papyro.

Sic ingens rerum numerus jubet atque operum lex. Quæ tamen inde seges? terræ quis fructus aperta? Quis dabit historico, quantum daret acta legenti? 105 Sed genus ignavum, quod lecto gaudet et umbra.

should never mention Pliny, who was certainly generous, and in some cases munificent. He had here an opportunity of doing so but perhaps it struck him that there was more of vanity than of genuine kindness in the favours Pliny conferred. In one of his letters he mentions his kindness to Martial; but in a way that shows he was thinking more of himself than of the poet. The whole account is degrading. It was not thus that Lentulus and Cotta showed their love of genius. G.

96. Fuit moris antiqui eos qui vel singulorum laudes vel urbium scripserant, aut honoribus aut pecunia ornare: nostris vero temporibus, ut alia speciosa et egregia, ita hoc imprimis exolevit: nam postquam destitimus laudanda facere, laudari quoque ineptum putamus; Plin. Ep. iii. ult. PR. cura ducum fuerunt olim regumque poetæ, præmiaque antiqui magna tulere chori: sanctaque majestas et erat venerabile nomen vatibus: et larga sape dabantur opes; Ov. A. A. iii. 405 sqq.

97. Pallere; Pers. v. 62. PR. Id. i. 26. 124. Hor. I Ep. iii. 10. M. Paleness was a characteristic of students as well as of lovers: pallet; aut amat, aut studet; cf. Quint. VII. x. 14. I. ii. 18. Ov. A. A. i. 729 sq. SPA.

To be a stranger to wine,' lest it should impede one's studies: quid? quod ne mente quidem recte uti possumus multo cibo et potione completi; Cic. T. Q. v. 100. Horace, on the contrary, who was himself a bon vivant, prescribes wine for poets, on the authority of Cratinus, and instances Homer and Ennius as examples of its good effects: I Ep. xix. 1 sqq.

PR.

'December' was the month of the Saturnalia, when it was the custom to

indulge more freely: Macr. i. 7. 10. Sen. Ep. 18. 47. Ath. xiv. 10. Suet. Claud. 5. Cal. 17. PR. Lucian. Sat. R. age libertate Decembri utere; Hor. II S. vii. 4 sq. LU.

99. Midnight oil.' G. i. 51. M.

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100 Passing all bounds.' M.

Cum bene surrexit versu nova pagina primo; Ov. Am. I. i. 17. see note on 23. R.

101. A ruinous undertaking, which never pays for the paper.' LU.

In palmarum foliis primum scriptitatum: deinde quarumdam arborum libris: postea publica monumenta plumbeis voluminibus, mox et privata linteis confici cœpta, aut ceris: postea promiscue patuit usus rei qua constat immortalitas hominum: papyrus ergo nascitur in palustribus Egypti: præparantur ex ea chartæ divisæ acu in prætenues sed quam latissimas fibras; Plin. xiii. 12. and 11. PR.

102. Rerum of facts.' G.

The rules to be observed in composing history' are given by Cic. de Or. ii. 15. PR.

103. The metaphor is taken from agriculture: aperta broken up by the plough;' T. thus also messem deprendere ; 112. R. cf. Rom. vi. 21.

104. To a notary public;' ACH. or it may be the reader, who was engaged to read aloud the exploits recorded in history, was much better paid than the author, who had been at all the pains of investigating and narrating the facts.' R.

105. But the excuse of these penurious nobles is, that historians are an indolent race of animals.' R. They formed much the same enlightened judgment as a man who complained to one of his old masters of the sad alteration that had

Dic igitur, quid causidicis civilia præstent
Officia et magno comites in fasce libelli?.

Ipsi magna sonant, sed tunc, quum creditor audit,
Præcipue, vel si tetigit latus acrior illo,

110 Qui venit ad dubium grandi cum codice nomen.

Tunc immensa cavi spirant mendacia folles be
Conspuiturque sinus. Veram deprendere messem
Si libet; hinc centum patrimonia causidicorum,

taken place at Oxford since his younger days, when he was much in request among the junior members of the University in their fishing and shooting excursions; "There's a very idle set of gentlemen in College now. They never shoot. They never go on the water. They do nothing: nothing but read from morning till night." Nunc hederæ sine honore jacent: operataque doctis cura vigil Musis nomen inertis habet; Ον. A. A. iii. 411 sq.

The ancients had 'couches' made purposely for writing and studying: quædam sunt quæ possis et in cisio scribere; quædam lectum et otium et secretum desiderant; Sen. Ep. 72. non quidquid denique lectis scribitur in citreis; Pers. i. 52 sq. FA. gratias ago senectuti, quod lectulo me affixit; Sen. Ep. 67. i. e. not in his bedroom, but in his study. LI. a vatibus contemto colitur lectus et umbra foro; Ov. A. A. iii. 539. 542. Tr. I. xi. 37 sq. Plin. Ep. v. 1. Suet. Aug. 78. (CAS.) cf. 28. 79. R.

Lecto may also be put for somno: for scriptorum chorus omnis amat nemus et fugit urbes, rite cliens Bacchi somno gaudentis et umbra; Hor. II Ep. ii. 77 sq. vacui sub umbra lusimus tecum, barbite; I Od. xxxii. 1 sqq. FA. cf. 8. R.

106. If their indolence be a bar to your bounty, let us shift our ground: no one will tax the lawyers with laziness.' R. Causidicus is almost always used in a contemptuous sense. Ov. Am. I. xiii. 21. (BU.) hic clamosi rabiosa feri jurgia vendens improbus iras et verba locat; Sen. H. F. 172 sqq. R.

Civilia officia ' the services rendered to citizens.' PR.

107. A bundle. ὁρμαθοὶ βιβλίων Theoph. Ch. vi. δεσμαὶ δικανικῶν βιβλίων· Aristot. in Dionys. H. R.

Libelli briefs.' VS.

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108. They talk big before a creditor; and are most substantial men according to the statement they give the banker who has advanced them money upon credit, when he ventures to press for the settlement of a long-standing account.' HK.

Ipsi understand causidici. LU.

Magna is used adverbially; LU. verba may be understood. οἷον ἦν τὸ μέγα κικραγέναι καὶ ὀχληρὸν εἶναι καὶ θρασύν, οὐ τοῖς δικαιολογοῦσι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς εὐχου

vois ouro xgnoiμor Luc. Tim. 11. These expressions are generally applied to bragging. V. Flacc. i. 262. (BU.) Prop. II. xv. 53. (VU.) R.

109. Lævum qui fodicet latus; Hor. I Ep. vi. 51. cubito tangere; Hor. II S. v. 42. Pers. iv. 34. R.

110. With a large account-book.' Cic. Verr. i. 36. (iii. 28. vii. 17.) for Rosc. Com. 1 sq. PR. R.

Nomen' a debt.' SCH.

111. The hollow bellows of his cheeks and lungs.' VS. at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras usque laborantes dum ferrum molliat ignis, ut mavis, imitare; Hor. I S. iv. 19 sqq. tu neque anhelanti, coquitur dum massa camino, folle premis ventos; Pers. v. 10 sq. PR. The lungs are compared to bellows by August. de Civ. D. xiv. 24. R.

112. He talks away till he foams at the mouth and besputters all his vest. LU. FA. It is one of the characteristics οἱ δυσχέρεια, ἀποῤῥίπτειν (τὴν σίαλον) ἀπὸ rev créμaros Theoph. Ch. 19. diox οἱ προσβαίνοντες σίαλον ἐν τῷ προσδιαλέ yırlar Hesych. Antimachus an Athenian was called Ψακάς, because προσέῤῥαινε τοὺς συνομιλοῦντας διαλεγόμενος· Schol. on Arist. Ach. iv. 7. R. Hor. II S. ν. 41.

The actual harvest;' in answer to 103. PR.

113. Hinc in the one scale.' LU.

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Parte alia solum russati pone Lacernæ. 115 Consedere duces: surgis tu pallidus Ajax Dicturus dubia pro libertate, bubulco

Judice. Rumpe miser tensum jecur, ut tibi lasso
Figantur virides, scalarum gloria, palmæ.

Quod vocis pretium? Siccus petasunculus et vas 120 Pelamydum aut veteres, Afrorum epimenia, bulbi

114. Lucerna was a favourite charioteer of Domitian's, VS. and one of the Red' party. cf. vi. 590. Petron. 25. (H.) Dio. Ixi. 6. (REI.) BO, p. 448. He is called russatus Lacerna, as Felix russatus auriga; Plin. vii. 53. prasinus Porphyrio; Mart. XIII. lxxviii. 2. auriga albatus Corax; Plin. viii. 42 s 65. R.

115. A parody on consedere duces et, vulgi stante corona, surgit ad hos clypei dominus septemplicis Ajax; Ov. M. xiii. 1 sq. By duces, here, are meant the judges;' by Ajax, the barrister.' RU. καθίσατε δ ̓ οὖν· σὺ δ ̓, ὦ Διόγενες, Alys Luc. Pisc. 24. R.

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Sallow' from confinement at his desk, and not bronzed by the sun' like the weather-beaten chieftain.

Ajax king of Salamis was the son of Telamon and grandson of Eacus, and, consequently, the cousin-german of Achilles; upon whose death he claimed his armour as being the bravest of the Greeks. His disappointment, when the prize was awarded to Ulysses, produced insanity, and drove him to commit suicide. Soph. Aj. PR. and Phil. cf. x. 84. xiv. 286. Hor. II S. iii. 187 sqq. The name of Ajax became proverbial for a quarrelsome wrangling man. Claud. Eut. ii. 386. Jud. Vesp. 85. (WE.) R.

116. On behalf of a client, whose title to freedom is disputed :' as Cicero for Archias. LU. FA. The case of Virginia was another: Liv. iii. 44 sqq.

A neat-herd. There were, in all, thirty-five city and country tribes, from each of which were chosen three jury. men. These were called, in round numbers, centumvirs: Ascon. on Cic. Verr. ii. FA. LU. Owing to this ar rangement it often happened that ignorant rustics had to decide upon knotty points. xvi. 13. R. cf. Suet. Cæs. 80. Aug. 35. PR.

117. Cf. i. 45, note. M. Some sup

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pose a blood-vessel in the lungs' to be meant; LU. FA. as the ancients, in general, were but indifferent anatomists. πόθεν οὖν ἂν ἐκεῖνοι δυνηθεῖεν ἀκοῦσαι, ἦν καὶ où xxgaya's diappays Luc. Episc. 21. R. Arist. R. 953.

118. When advocates gained a cause, the triumph was notified by the entrance of their house being adorned with 'palmbranches.' These poor lawyers lived in garrets, and could therefore only decorate with evergreens the staircase' leading up to their chambers. Suet. Dom. 23. CAS. BRO. sic fora mirentur, sic te Pallatia laudent, excolat et geminas plurima palma fores; Mart. VII. xxviii. 5 sq. PR. cf. iii. 199, note. palma forensis; Aus. Prof. Burd. ii. 7. R.

119. Dried up (xi. 82.) from being so old.' LU. Mart. XIII. lv. PR. liv. IV. xlvi. Hor. II S. v. 43 sqq. Pers. iii. 73 sqq. (CAS.) R.

120. Пnλaμús Hesych, a little fish so called from its burying itself in the mud, or from being born there: Festus. λa

ids Arist. vi. 16 sq. a lesser kind of tunny: Ath. iii. 85. 92. vii. 66. viii. 14 or 53. Plin. ix. 15 s 18. xxxii. 11 8 55. (HA.) Strab. VII. vi. 2. Diosc. ii. 200. SP, de Pr. Num. iii. 201. Gell. ii. 18. PR. R. which were salted and brought to Rome. VS. Like our grigs, which are found in the mud of the Thames, they were probably of little worth. M. “Ă jar of broken sprats." G.

"A rope of shrivell'd onions from the Nile." G. Africa produced a great variety of bulbous roots, among these Pliny mentions the epimenidium, xix. 5. R. of which the epimenium might be a coarser sort; cf. Ath. ii. 22 sq. (CAS.) or sent monthly' from Africa to Rome. Martial enumerates bulbos among the presents sent to lawyers; IV. xlvi. 11. LI. Theoph. H. P. vii. 13. PR. The soldier's monthly allowance:' SCH.' the African slave's monthly provender.' ACH.

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At vinum Tiberi devectum, quinque lagenæ. Si quáter egisti, si contigit aureus unus, Inde cadunt partes ex foedere pragmaticorum. "Emilio dabitur, quantum licet, et melius nos 125 Egimus: hujus enim stat currus aeneus, alti Quadrijuges in yestibulis, atque ipse feroci Bellatore sedens curvatum hastile minatur Eminus et statua meditatur proelia lusca." Sic Pedo conturbat, Matho deficit: exitus hic est nak. mark

Whatever might have been the practice as to other slaves, it is not unlikely that the Africans had a certain ration of onions allowed them, according to the practice in their own country. cf. Herod. ii. 125. Numb. xi. 5.

121. Home-made wine, (VS.) and that of the worst sort, Veientan, (Hor. II S. ii. 143.) or Tuscan, (LU.) and not Campanian.' PR.

122. If you are so lucky as to touch gold for a fee, you cannot pocket any thing till you have satisfied the stipulated claims of the attorneys.' LU.

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The gold piece' varied in value; it was at this time worth twenty-five denarii. Plin. xxxiii. 3. xxxv. 10. (HA.) Lampr. Alex. 39. (CAS.) R. M. The highest fee, as settled by a law of Nero, was one hundred pieces of gold. Plin. Ep. v. 4. 21. Suet. 17. (ER.) Tac. A. xi. 7. Ülp. D. i. §. 12. The sum is here represented as absurdly small, for contrast's sake. GRO.

123. In Cicero's days these solicitors' were confined to Greece. Or. i. 45. 59. The Roman advocates were then in the habit (if ignorant of a point of law) of referring to learned men of rank, such as the Scævolæ, &c. Under the successors of Augustus, there was not the same encouragement for these great men to study that science; therefore the orators were obliged to adopt the Grecian method: neque ego sum nostri moris ignarus, oblitusve eorum qui velut ad arculas sedent et tela agentibus subministrant ; neque idem Græcos quoque nescio factitare, unde nomen his pragmaticorum datum est; Quint. xii. 3. 9. G. PR. Id. iii. 6. R.

124. The only lawyers who are handsomely remunerated, are those, who either are rich or are believed to be so.' LU. R.

Quantum licet. A decree of the senate

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was passed in the reign of Claudius (A. U. 800.), by which pecuniis ob causas orandas capiendis positus modus usque ad dena sestertia, quem egressi repetundarum tenerentur; Tac. A. xi. 5 sqq. (LI.) See 122, note. R.

Nos we poor lawyers.' LU. 125. "There stand Before his gate, conspicuous from afar, Four stately steeds yoked to a brazen car." G. Indicative of the triumphs gained by his ancestors. LU. cf. viii. 3. PR.

126. This vagary of Æmilius (in choosing, though a man of peace, to be represented on a war-horse) seems to have taken mightily at Rome, most probably from its absurdity, and to have had a number of imitators. Martial, in an attack upon an unfortunate pedagogue for interrupting his sleep, (note on 222.) compares the noise of his school to that of the hammers and anvils of smiths forging war-horses for the lawyers: tam grave percussis incudibus æra resultant, causidicum medio cum faber aptat equo; IX. lxix. 5 sq. This trick succeeded but ill with Æmilius's imitators, cf. 129 sqq. as it seldom happens that any but the author of a joke profits by it. G. PR. see 143,

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130 Tongilli, magno cum rhinocerote lavari

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Qui solet et vexat lutulenta balnea turba
Perque forum juvenes longo premit assere Medos
Emturus pueros, argentum, murrhina, villas.
Spondet enim Tyrio stlataria purpura filo.
135 Et tamen est illis hoc utile: purpura vendit
Causidicum, vendunt amethystina convenit illis
Et strepitu et facie majoris vivere census.

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Sed finem impensæ non servat prodiga Roma.
Fidimus eloquio? Ciceroni nemo ducentos
140 Nunc dederit numos, nisi fulserit annulus ingens.
Respicit hæc primum, qui litigat, an tibi servi
Octo, decem comites, an post te sella, togati

urget, nunc cum petitur dissolvere; Cic.
for Cn. Planc. PR. xiv. 94. Mart. IX.
iv. 5. VII. xxvi. 10. X. xcvi. 9. Petr.
39. (BU.) Cic. Att. iv. 7. (ER.) R.

Matho; i. 32, note. PR. Hence it may be gathered that the first Satire was written many years after the present. G. Deficit fails:' T. another legal term. R.

130. Tongillus perhaps Tongilius. Mart. II. xl. R.

His oil-flask (iii. 263.) was formed of a large rhinoceros' horn.' LU. Plin. viii. 20. Diod. iv. 3. PR. The animal put for its horn; as solido elephanto, for solid ivory;' Virg. G. iii. 26. M. Of a horn flask Martial says; gestavit modo fronte me juvencus: verum rhinocerota me putabis; XIV. lii. cf. liii. R.

131. Vexat; i. 100. cf. vi. 419 sq. or i. 64. R.

132. The young men who are his bearers.' PR.

He presses with the weight of himself and his litter.' SCH.

Assere; iii. 245. PR. Mart. IX. xxiii. 9. R.

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Argentum; i. 76, note.

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Murrhina; vi. 156, note. BRI. 134. Spondet a surety for him,' 'gains him credit." ii. 12. R.

Tyria purpura filo, a periphrasis. i. 27, note. Plin. ix. 36 sqq. PR. Virg. Æ. iv. 262. Hor. Ep. xii. 21. M.

Stlataria piratical;' from stlata, genus navigii latum magis quam altum ; Festus: rugarixou oxápov; sidos Gloss. et melior navis, quam quæ stlataria portat; Enn. Its meaning may be either (1) decoying.' VS. deceptive,' LU. i. e. (as we should say) sailing under false colours;' or (2) imported in a foreign bottom.' PR.

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135. Vendit gets him off,'' makes him fetch more money,' FE.' puffs him off.' cf. 73. R.

136. Violet mantles' thrown over the toga. FE. cf. Mart. I. xcvii. II. lvii. 2. X. xlix. 1. XIV. cliv. R. Plin. xxi. 8. xxxvii. 6. 9. PR.

137. Quæ in publico species! Tac. D. de Or. 6. R.

138. Dicimus: "Non ego ambitiosus sum, sed nemo Romæ aliter potest vivere; non ego sumtuosus sum, sed Urbs ipsa magnas impensas exigit;" Sen. Ep. 50. PR. cf. iii. 180 sqq. R. iii. 169, note.

139. Two hundred sestertii' are not quite thirty shillings. M. i. 92, note. 140. Annulus; i. 28 sq. PR.

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