p. 56. 65. itaque, quantum possumus, ab illa fortuna resiliamus, quod sola præstabit sui naturæque cognitio. sciat, quo iturus sit, unde ortus; quod illi bonum, quod malum sit; quid petat, quid devitet; quæ sit illa ratio, quæ appetenda ac fugienda discernat, qua cupiditatum mansuescit insania, timorum sævitia compescitur; Sen. Ep. 82. K. There is the following epitaph in one of the churchyards at Reading: quis sum, qualis eram, quid ero, tu mitte rogare: nil mea vita refert; ducere disce tuam.

Quidnam victuri alludes either to the shortness of life, (hoc, quod vivimus,proximum nihilo est, et tamen late disponetur; Sen. Ep. 99.) or to the end and object of it; cf. Juv. viii. 84, note. K.

'What is the arrangement of fate: (cf. M. Anton. iv. 45.) and what is the disposition and concatenation of good and evil established by the law of nature.' cf. Epict. 29. Xen. M. II. i. 18 sqq. K. 68. There are many periods of life as critical as the end of the stadium in the chariot race, where the nicest judgement is required in turning the corner. If we pull the inner rein too soon or too sharply, we shall infallibly run foul of the post; if, on the other hand, we hold too loose a rein, our antagonist will cut us out and get the start of us.' T. LU. PR. metaque fervidis evitata rotis; Hor. I Od. i. 4 sq. M. Or it may refer to death, spatium vitæ extremum; Juv. x. 358. Pind. N. vi. 10 sqq. Virg. Æ. x. 471. xii. 546. Ov. Liv. A. 357. compared with Sen. Ep. 30. Cic. Fam. iv. 5. M. Ant. iv. 48. 50. Plat. Ap. Soc. t. p. 93. Cic. T. Q. i. 41. K.

i.

69. Juv. xiv. 316 sqq, notes. K.

Quid fas? ii, throughout. PR.

'Money' is rough' with the stamp

impressed upon it, T. from the figures standing in relief. Juv. xiv. 62. M. non voles quod debeo, nisi in aspero et probo, accipere; Sen. Ep. 19. (GRU.) K.

70. Cf. Cic. Off. i. 17. Hor. II S. ii. 100 sqq. K.

71. What character God has assigned you.' annvù xãs ò ßíos, naì xaiymer, i μάς παίζειν τὴν σπουδὴν μεταθεὶς, ἢ φέρε ràs dúvas: cf. Epict. 17. K. These lines, and especially the word Deus, seem to be of that high strain of divinity (for a heathen), which Plato reached when he affirmed that, when he said Gods, he was not in earnest. HO.

72. In what station you are posted (rrayμivos cf. Cic. Sen. 20. K.) in human life.' A metaphor from soldiers. PR.

73. Cf. Sen. Ep. 17. K.

Multa fidelia as multa victima; Virg. E. i. 35. K. The fees of the lawyers were taken chiefly in kind: cf. Juv. vii. 119 sqq. G. The jars stunk' from their having more good things than the advocate could consume. LU. This and the following lines afford an example of alliteration. cf. 92 sq.

74. The Umbrians were a very ancient people of Italy: Plin. iii. 14. Their country is now the duchy of Spolentano. PR. Cat. xxvii. 11. Prop. I.xxii. 9 sq. K.

75. The Marsians were a people of Apulia; Plin. iii. 11. whose country was famous for its wild boars. PR.

76. Mana; Plin. H. N. ix. 26. CAS. Fresh jars come in, before you have finished your first.' LU.

77. These captains (Hor. I S. vi. 73.) thought the grand characteristic of a soldier was contempt of all cultivation, whether of mind or of body; (Juv. xiv. 194 sq.) consequently they could not be

66

agreeable companions, in any sense of the word. (Hor. Ep. xii. 5. Cat. Ixi. 10.) K. By putting the objections into the mouth of such a spokesman, Persius effectually shames those with whom he has been arguing. M. "Tush! what care I to be Arcesilas, Or some sad Solon, whose deep-furrowed face And sullen head and yellow-clouded sight Still on the stedfast earth are musing pight, Muttering what censures their distracted minde Of brain-sicke paradoxes hath definde. Or of Parmenides or darke Heraclite, Whether all be one, or nought be infinite, &c." Hall. G.

79. Arcesilas of Pitane in Æolia was a disciple of Polemon and afterwards of Crantor. LU. He was the founder of the middle Academy, and maintained in opposition to Zeno, that all things were to be doubted, and that nothing could be known. Hence he is called ignorantiæ magister; Lact. iii. 5. and philosophia eversor; Cic. Ac. His life is said not to have been a very regular one. Laert.iv. 40. PR. M. K. "Or cet Arcesilas, tout habile qu'il étoit, avoit le défaut d'étre fort petulant dans le dispute, et d'établir pour principe qu'on ne pouvoit rien savoir." It might perplex a plain-dealing man to account for such a person's disputing at all. He was, however, a very subtle caviller. G.

Solon, the Athenian legislator, was reckoned one of the seven sages of Greece. LU. Her. i. 29, note 16.

80. With their heads on one shoulder.' LU. Hor. II S. v. 92. K. Stat. S. V. i. 140. by hypallage for figentes lumina in terram; the other form, which is not so strong an expression, occurs, Virg. Æ. vi. 469. Ov. M. xiii. 541. Tr. IV. ii. 29.

ἐκπετάσας γοῦν τὸν πώγωνα καὶ τὰς ἐφρῦς ἀνατείνας, καὶ βρενθυόμενός τε πρὸς αὑτὸν ἔρχεται, τιτανῶδες βλέπων κ. τ. λ. Luc. Tim. t. i. p. 170. PR. M. K.

81. They mumble murmurs.' Quint. x. 3. PR.

EST et NON igitur, quoties lucem esse fatendum est, sed non esse diem; mille hinc certamina surgunt. hinc pauci, multi quoque talia commeditantes, murmure concluso rabiosa silentia rodunt: qualis vita hominum, duo quam monosyllaba versant! Aus. Id. xvii. 21 sqq. in BU, A. L. t. ii. Silent muttering and a fixed look were indications of insanity. Juv. ii. 14. Luc. de Sect. Princ. K. M.

82. Verba. cf. Luc. Demon. 28. t. ii. p. 386. K.

83. Some ancient poet asked quid ægrotus umquam somniavit, quod philosophorum aliquis non dixerit? Lact. PR. 84. This is one of the most trite physical axioms. LU. Lucr. i. 151 &c. PR.

85. The abstemiousness of philosophers is here attacked. postquam est impransi correptus voce magistri; Hor. II S. iii. 257. PR. O pueriles ineptias! in hoc supercilia subduximus ? in hoc barbam demisimus? hoc est, quod tristes docemus et pallidi? Sen. Ep. 48. cf. Juv. vii. 97, note. K.

86. Torosa, opposed to pallida and impransa senectus, K. is applied to the youth of Rome in general. formosuli nostri et torosuli et vix summis pedibus adumbrantes vestigia, quorum verba in pugnis sunt et syllogismi in calcibus; S. Hieron. PM. cf. i. 82, note.

87. Multum ingeminat; i. e. laugh loud and long.' cf. V. Flac. 459. Juv. i. 164. K.

88. This person who consults his phy

100. Quæ desiderantibus alimenta erant, onera sunt plenis : inde pallor et nervorum vino madentium tremor et miserabilior ex cruditate quam ex fame macies: inde incerti labantium pedes et semper quasi in ebrietate titubatio; Sen. N. Q. v. PR.

Vina: cf. Juv. viii. 168, note. M. The triens, OR. or triental, was a cup which held rather more than one third of a pint. LU. cf. Hor. I Ep. xvi. 21 8qq. K.

102. The rich viands,' which he had gorged before coming to the bath, and which his stomach now rejects undigested. LU.

The lip hanging loose and the dropping jaw are fatal symptoms according to Hippocr. Progn. PR.

103. Then comes a funeral.' This is vorsgov góregov: the trumpet and torch' were used in the procession to the funeral pile. v. 106. CAS. A full account of the particulars referred to in these lines will be found in AD.

Tuba: cf. Poll. viii. 1. SV, on Æ. v. 138. St Matthew ix. 23. PR.

Candela. cf. Petr. 78. 129. Prop. II. x. 19 sq. xiii. 17 sq. IV. xi. 9. K.

Beatulus: thus our Stoic calls the deceased Epicure in irony, because the Epicureans used to say: maximam illam voluptatem habemus, quæ percipitur omni dolore detracto: nam quoniam, quum privamur dolore, ipsa liberatione et vacuitate omnis molestia gaudemus, voluptas est, ut omne id, quo offendimur, dolor: doloris omnis privatio recte nominata est voluptas; Cic. Fin. i. 2. K.

Alto lecto. cf. Ov. M. x. 463. F. ii. 353. K. Mart. VIII. xliv. 14. Prop. II. xiii. 21 sq. PR.

104. Compositus. cf. Tib. III. ii. 26. Virg. Æ. i. 249. (HY.) K.

Amomis. cf, SA, on Sol. p. 401. Ov.

Tr. III. iii. 89. F. iv. 853. K. Juv. iv. 108, viii. 159, notes.

105. "Lies a stiff corpse, heels foremost, at the door." G. cf. Plin. vii. 8. PR. Hom. II. T 212. Tac. A. iii. 5. (LI) KI, i. 12. K.

106. Manumitted slaves shaved their heads and then put on the cap of liberty in the temple of Feronia. This was worn by the freed-men, who bore their late master's corpse to the funeral pile, as a badge of their being admitted to the rights of citizenship. VS. CAS. LU. Juv. iii. 60, note. M. faxit Jupiter, ut ego hic hodie, raso capite, calvus capiam pileum! Plaut. Amph. I. i. 306. (TB.) and v. 82. Liv. xxxiv. 52. qui liberi fiebant ea causa calvi erant, quod tempestatem servitutis videbantur effugere, ut naufragio liberati solent; Nonius. PR. cf. Juv. xii. 81, note. [Livy xxiv, 16, 11. ED.]

Subiere. Virg. Æ. vi. 222. K.

107. The youth, drowsy as he is, is still awake enough to discover that he is somehow involved in this apologue. As the preceptor, however, appears to him to labour under a considerable mistake, he prepares to set him right; and in a somewhat indignant tone (miser!) affirms himself to be in no danger of 'trumpets and torches,' as is falsely insinuated, for that the state of his health is excellent. It is now that the philosopher sees his advantages, and turns upon the poor dreamer with the moral of his fable, which he enforces with all the poignancy of satire and all the dignity of truth. The student can no longer mistake, for he is presented with an epitome of his most besetting vices, and, among others, that of ungovernable passion, of which he had furnished a tolerable specimen already: 8 sq. G. K.

'Feel my pulse.' M.

108. Coldness of the extremities is a