Cum capite et pedibus, plebeiaque prandia noris." Non equidem hoc studeo, bullatis ut mihi nugis 20 Pagina turgescat dare pondus idonea fumo; Secreti loquimur. Tibi nunc, hortante Camena, jubebo doctum imitatorem et veras hinc ducere voces; Hor. A. P. 317 sq. K. 18.The head and feet' were reserved to show Thyestes, on what he had been banqueting. denudat artus dirus atque ossa amputat; tantum ora servat et datas fidei manus; Sen. Thy. PR. Her. i. 119, notes. "Familiarize yourself with every-day dinners.' 19. Inflated frothy nothings.' ampallas et sesquipedalia verba; Hor. A. P. 97. PR." Air-blown trifles." G. 20. The page' is put for its contents. Prop. II. xvii. 1. inque libellis crevisset sine te pagina nulla meis; Ov. Tr. V. ix. 3 sq. Mart. IX. lxxviii. 2. K. Nugis addere pondus; Hor. I Ep. xix. 42. M. 21. You are not to suppose that what I am about to say is dictated either by flattery or a love of display: for we are enjoying a snug tete-a-tete.' LU. 22. Explicandus est animus, et quæcumque apud illum deposita sunt, subinde excuti debent; Sen. Ep. 72. K. To be thoroughly sifted :' but cf. 27 sq, notes. Præcordia: hy μìv rà Ogsväv igśw κίατ' ἐν μυχῷ· Theoc. xxix. 3. Κ. 23. This sentiment is borrowed from Pythagoras, who said a friend was "another self." Horace calls Virgil, animæ dimidium mea; I Od. iii. 8. VS. Orestes and Pylades duo corporibus, mentibus unus erant; Ov. Tr. IV. iv. 72. S. Aug. Conf. iv. 6. Hence the expression uuzia used by Greg. Naz. PR. The same idea is constantly occurring both in heathen and in Christian writers: as Hor. II Od. xvii. 5 sqq. Ov. Pont. III. iv. 69. Stat. S. III. ii. 7 sq. Luc. Tox. t. ii. p. 558. K. Ov. Her. x. 58. xviii. 125 sq. M. viii. 406. Maxim. El. ii. 1 sq. v. 117 sq. D. Chrys. Or. iii. 56. S. Hier. Ep. i. xv. M. Fel. i. p. 20. Lact. de M. Pers. viii. Clem. Rom. Ep. Cor. ii. 12. and that beautiful picture of perfect friendship which is described in Acts iv. 32. Annæus Cornutus was banished by Nero, in the fourth year after the death of his pupil. LU. 24. Pulsa: a metaphor from earthenware, which will not ring, when struck, if there is any flaw in it. LU. cf. iii. 21. M. Auson. Id. xvi. 12 sqq. K. 25. The thin varnish of the painted tongue.' LU. cf. Juv. vi. 467. Res est (i. e. the Holy Scripture) solida et sincera, non fucata eloquia, nec ullo lingua tectorio inane aliquid ac pendulum crepitat; S. Aug. to Volus. PR. Compare St Matthew xxiii. 27. M. 26. Persius intimates, to borrow the words of Cicero, omni officio ac potius pietate erga Cornutum, etsi aliis satisfaceret omnibus, at ipsum sibi numquam satisfacere; Ep. i. 1. to Lentulus. PR. 27. Full of folds :' a metaphor from a gown. K. 28. I may draw forth' from those folds. K. Pura opposed to picta: LU, 'guileless.' M. 'May unseal,' PR. and unfold for your perusal, more than my words can express.' 29. Fibra: i. 47. PR. Luc. ii. 285 sq. Sil. i. 140. K. 30 Quum primum pavido custos mihi purpura cessit Bullaque succinctis Laribus donata pependit; Quum blandi comites, totaque impune Subura Permisit sparsisse oculos jam candidus umbo: Quumque iter ambiguum est et vitæ nescius error 35 Diducit trepidas ramosa in compita mentes, Me tibi supposui. Teneros tu suscipis annos 30. Boys might feel' timid' (Juv. xvi. 3. M.) at first laying aside the dress of their early years, and assuming the garb of manhood. LU. Cat. lxviii. 15 sqq. Ov. Tr. IV. 1. 27 sqq. Prop. III. xiii. 3 sqq. K. The prætexta was intended to be'a protection' to those who wore it. CAS. (Macr. S. i. 6. SCH. Plin. ix. 36. prætexta infirmitatem pueritia sacram fieri et venerabilem, non secus ac sacerdotes vestibus suis; Quint. Decl. 340. cf. imberbis juvenis tandem custode remoto; Hor. A. P. 161. PR.) In the general corruption of manners, however, its sacred character was utterly disregarded. Cic. Cat. ii. 2. 10. Phil. ii. 18. Juv. x. 308. Mart. sap. For better security the boys were always accompanied to and from school by a pedagogue. Hor. I S. vi. 81 sqq. Juv. x. 114 sqq. Mart. XI. xl. cf. Prop. II. iii. 10 sq. Petr. 85. V. Max. iii. 1. iv. 1. Plin. Ep. iii. 3. K. per hoc inane purpuræ decus precor; Hor. Ep. v. 7. DŃ. 31. Bulla; Juv. v. 164, note. PR. Petr. 60. K. Boys consecrated their bulla, as girls did their dolls: cf. ii. 70, note. A, v. 18. PR. This dedication was a private ceremony; the putting on of the toga was a public one. If the latter was performed at Rome, the youths repaired immediately afterwards to some temple (generally to the Capitol) to complete the ceremony by offering the customary sacrifices. Being an act of great solemnity, it frequently formed, among the youths who changed their gown at the same time, a bond of fellowship which subsisted unbroken through life. G. Hor. I Od. xxxvi. 9. Succinctis. cf. cinctutis; Hor. A. P. 50. These domestic deities, who were rather regarded as palladia or amulets than as gods of power, were probably represented in the same homely garb which they wore before Rome became a city. A kind of affectionate home-bred superstition forbade all attempts at innovation in their costume. G. They were dressed, after the Gabinian fashion, with their toga twisted over the left shoulder, leaving the right arm bare. VS. cf. Ov. F. v. 129 sq. (BU.) Prop. IV. i. 131. (BK. VU.) K. 32. When I had indulgent companions, who would let me go my own way; instead of an uncle to thwart me and a pedagogue to curb me.' PR. M. Subura; Juv. iii. 5, note. PR. Anth. L. t. ii. Ep. xli. p. 514. (BU.) K. 33. Ov. F. iii. 771-778. K. postquam excessit ex ephebis, liberius vivendi fuit potestas: antea vero ætas, metus, magister prohibebant; Ter. And. I. i. 24 sqq. oculi sunt in amore duces; Ov. PR. Their white gown, having the gloss of newness on this momentous occasion, would be candidus. G. The toga was so arranged as to be gathered into many plaits on the left shoulder; the centre, where all these folds met, was called the umbo or 'boss.' CAS. T. cf. Tert. de Pall. p. 373 sqq. palla nigerrima, splendescens atro nitore, quæ circumcirca remeans, et sub dextrum latus ad humerum lævum recurrens, umbonis vicem dejecta parte lacinia multiplici contabulatione dependula; Apul. xi. LI. From this boss, the extremity of the lappet fell down before, and was tucked into the girdle, forming the sinus, (an apology for a pocket,) in which papers and other light articles were carried; and it is far from improbable that some affected display was made of it, in the pride of recent manhood. G. 34. Cf. iii. 56, note. PR. Juv. ii. 20, note. 35. Οἱ νέοι τὰ ἤθη εἰσὶν εὐμετάβολοι Arist. Rh. II. xiv. 2. Ramosa: cf. Aus. Id. xv. PR. 36. The metaphor may be taken from an animal placing its neck under the yoke; Ov. Am. III. x. 13. or from a Socratico, Cornute, sinu. Tunc fallere solers Et premitur ratione animus vincique laborat Unum opus et requiem pariter disponimus ambo 45 Non equidem hoc dubites, amborum fœdere certo calf sucking; Varr. R. R. V. ii. 5. 17. K. 37. The Stoics traced their philosophy from Socrates by the following line of succession: (1) Socrates, (2) Antisthenes, (3) Diogenes, (4) Crates, (5) Zeno, (6) Cleanthes, (7) Chrysippus: cf. Plut. Laert. Cic. PR. vade, hos paterno, ut genitor, excipiam sinu; Sen. Med. 384. Socratica fide; Petr. 129. cf. Quint. i. 9. ii. 2. K. You corrected me with such skill and address, that I insensibly amended: so gradually was your discipline revealed, that I was happily cheated, as it were, into reformation.' CAS. M. Hor. I Ep. xvii. 10. K. cf. Lucr. i. 935-949." Così all' egro fanciul porgiamo, aspersi Di soave licor, gli orli del vaso: Succhi amari, ingannato, intanto ei beve, E dall' inganno suo vita riceve ;" Tasso, G. L. I. iii. 38. A metaphor from workmen. SCH. 'Extends,' and consequently straightens.' PR. 39. Animum rege; qui, nisi paret, imperat: hunc frenis, hunc tu compesce catena; Hor. I Ep. ii. 62 sq. homo cum animo inde ab ineunte ætate depugnat suo... tu si animum vicisti potius, quam animus te, est quod gaudeas; Plaut. Trin. II. ii. 24 &c. cf. Cic. Off. i. 28, fin. efficiendum est autem, ut appetitus rationi obediant, &c. ib. 29. As the horse is broken in by the rider, so is the mind to be managed by reason; Plato. PR. Virg. Æ. viii. 81. (HY.) Prop. II. i. 10. Arist. R. 868. K. The imperfect habit of continence is here pictured: where the passions are not yet brought to acquiesce without reluctance in the supremacy of reason, as is the case in the perfect character of temperance. cf. Arist. Eth. vii. (where he treats of selfcontrol,) and i. 13. 40. Artificem sometimes signifies' a finished piece of workmanship.' Ov. A. A. iii. 555 sq. V. Flac. vi. 465. cf. Prop. I. ii. 8. (BU.) Id. II. xxiii. 8. (BK.) K. Juv. vii. 237 sq, notes. PR. Stat. S. IV. vi. 27. K. 41. Sæpe ego longos cantando puerum memini me condere soles; Virg. E. ix. 51 sq. PR. Id. Æ. iii. 203. Nemes. Ec. ii. 25. Æl. V. H. xiii. 1. K. 42. By the first nights,' is meant 'the first part of the night' i. e. an hour or two after sunset.' SCH. "Of the night Have borrow'd the first hours, feasting with thee On the choice dainties of philosophy." HO. Decerpere is contrasted with consu mere. K. 43. Omnibus una quies operum, labor omnibus idem; Virg. G. iv. 184. PR. 44. Cf. Athen. Macr. vii. 1. Gell. xiii. 11. PR. There seems to be a peculiar beauty in Persius's talking all along in the present tense: he recollected with so much pleasure those days which were past, that he seemed to live them over again. DN. 45. Fœdere certo; Virg. Æ. i. 62. Sil. xv. 75. K. magnus erit Geminis amor et concordia duplex; quosque dabunt Chelae et quos dat Aquarius ortus, unum pectus habent, fideique immobile vinclum; Man. ii. PR. It was believed that this unanimity did not subsist between such as were born under every sign. at quibus in lucem Pisces venientibus adsunt, his non una manet semper sententia cordi; commutant animos interdum et foedera rumpunt ac repetunt; Manil. ii. MAR. 46. Scit Genius natale comes qui temperat astrum; Hor. II Ep. ii. 187. Nostra vel æquali suspendit tempora Libra Dividit in Geminos concordia fata duorum 50 Saturnumque gravem nostro Jove frangimus una : 55 Rugosum piper et pallentis grana cumini : Mar. sic placitum Parcis seu Libra seu me Scorpios adspicit formidolosus, pars violentior natalis horae seu tyrannus Hesperia Capricornus undæ ; utrumque nostrum incredibili modo consentit astrum; te Jovis impio tutela Saturno refulgens eripuit, &c. Hor. II Od. xvii. 15 sqq. (JA.) VS. PR. Juv. vii. 194 sqq, notes. K. 47. The balance' is a symbol of equality. When the sun enters this sign (which is about the 20th of September), the autumnal equinox commences. felix æquatæ genitus sub pondere Libræ ; Man. v. PR. 48. Parca non mendax; Hor. II Od. xvi. 39. The Fate' of the Stoics is here meant. LU. cf. Juv. iii. 27, note. Virg. E. iv. 47. PR. 50. Cf. Juv. vi. 569 sq, note. felicesque Jovis stellas Martisque rapacis et grave Saturni sidus in omne caput; Prop. IV. i. 83 sq. PR. Macr. S. i. 19. Ptol. in FAB, B. Gr. t. vi. 14. p. 449. Gell. xiv. 1. Cic. Div. ii. Sext. Emp. v. Petr. 39. K. 51. Nescio quid certe est; Virg. E. viii. 107. Ov. Her. xii. 212. เ Astrum is properly a constellation.' LU. 52. Quot capita, tot sententiæ; suus cuique mos; Ter. Ph. II. iii. 14. Cassiod. quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum millia; Hor. II S. í. 27. VS. PR. inque aliis rebus multis differre necesse est naturas hominum varias, moresque sequaces; Lucr. iii. 315 sq. 53. Trahit sua quemque voluptas; Virg. E. ii. 65. VS. quod tibi magnopere cordi est, mihi vehementer displicet; Lucil. PR. cf. Ov. A. A. i. 759 sq. Hor. I Od. i. and I S. iv. 25 sqq. K. 54. Hic mutat merces surgente a sole ad eum quo vespertina tepet regio; Hor. I S. iv. 29 sq. VS. impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos; I Ep. i. 45. The word mutat properly belonged to a period, when commerce consisted in barter. utinam totum e vita posset abdicari aurum, sacra fames, ad perniciem vitæ repertum. quantum feliciore avo, quum res ipse permutabantur inter se, sicut et Trojanis temporibus factitatum, Homero credi convenit. ita enim, ut opinor, commercia victus gratia inventa, &c. Plin. xxxiii. 1. The invention of commerce is attributed to the Phoenicians; Id. vii. 56. A, iv. 15. PR. cf. Ar. Eth. v. 5. 55. Hæ (i. e. the pods of pepper,') priusquam dehiscant decerpta tostæque sole, faciunt quod vocatur piper longum; paullatim vero dehiscentes maturitate, ostendunt candidum piper; quod deinde tostum solibus colore rugisque mutatur ; Plin. H. N. xii. 7 s 14. and again, quæ piper gignunt juniperis nostris similes; ib. PR. v. 136. Juv. xiv. 293. The cumin,' which is a mere dwarf in our gardens, grows to the height of eight or nine feet in hot countries. It is much cultivated by the Maltese, with whom it forms an article of commerce. DD. It seems to have been used at common tables as a substitute for pepper,' which was very expensive. G. cuminum pallorem bibentibus gignit, ita certe ferunt Porci Latronis, clari inter magistros dicendi, affectatores similitudinem coloris studiis contracti imitatos, &c. Plin. xx. 14 s 57. xix. s 47. xv. 29. quod si pallerem casu biberent exsangue cuminum; Hor. I Ep. xix. 17 sq. PR. K. 56. Fessos sopor irrigat artus; Virg. Æ. iii. 511. ib. i. 691. (HY.) Lucr. iv. 908. The metaphor is taken from plants Hic campo indulget: hunc alea decoquit: ille In Venerem est putris: sed quum lapidosa chiragra 60 Tunc crassos transîsse dies lucemque palustrem, At te nocturnis juvat impallescere chartis. 6 60. Of gross sensuality.' M. cf. Cic. for Sext. 9. K. 'Light obscured by dense fogs,' M. and "All the infections that the sun sucks up From bogs, fens, flats ;" Shaksp. Temp. II. ii. May not the allusion be to the ignis fatuus? the phosphorescent vapour arising from marshes, (commonly called Jack o' lantern or Will o' the Wisp,) which “ Bewitches And leads men into pools and ditches;" Butler Hud. I. i. 510. Bógßogor woλùv xaì exãg aur Arist. R. 145 sq. 61. The life they have forsaken:' DN.' the main end and object of their past life, which has been wholly thrown away and abandoned by them.' cf. iii. 38. G. "Anger and grief doe then begin a strife Within them, for their base and durtie life Now spent: when now, but now too late, they looke Upon the life they wretchedly forsooke." İo. 62. Vos exemplaria Græca nocturna versate manu, versate diurna; Hor. A.P. 268 sq. LU. 63. Quod enim munus reipublicæ afferre majus meliusve possumus, quam si doceamus atque erudiamus juventutem? Cic. Div. ii. 4. cultura animi philosophia est, quæ extrahit vitia radicitus, et præparat animos ad satus accipiendos, eaque mandat eis et (ut ita dicam) serit, qua adulta fructus uberrimos ferant; Id. T. Q. ii. 13. nemo adeo ferus est ut non mitescere possit, si modo culturæ patientem commodet aurem. virtus est vitium fugere et sapientia prima stultitia caruisse; Hor. I Ep. i. 39 sqq. PR. 64. 'Of Cleanthes,' the son of Phanes. LU. cf. Laert. vii. 174. (MEN.) Cic. N. D. i. 37. V. Max. viii. 7. PR. Cic. Ac. iv. 41. Claud. xvii. 87 sq. He was the preceptor of Chrysippus. K. Juv. ii. 7, note. Eque pauperibus prodest, locupletibus aque; æque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit; Hor. I Ep. i. 25 8q. PR. 65. Certum voto pete finem; Hor. I Ep. ii. 56. LU. du äzavta Tòv duváμsvov ζῆν κατὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ προαίρεσιν θέσθαι τινὰ σκοπὸν τοῦ καλῶς ζῆν, πρὸς ὃν ἀποβλέπων ποιήσεται πάσας τὰς πράξεις, ὡς τό γε μὴ συντετάχθαι τὸν βίον προς το τέλος αφρο σύνης πολλής σημεῖον ἔστι Arist. Eih. Eud. ii. vita sine scopo vaga. scire debet, quid petat ille, qui sagittam vult mittere, et tunc dirigere et moderari telum; errant consilia nostra, quia non habent, quo dirigantur; Sen. Ep. 71. K. Animo is the dative. K. Bias used to say that 'virtue was the |