140 Protenus ad censum, (de moribus ultima fiet tha
Quæstio,)" Quot pascit servos? Quot possidet agri
Jugera? Quam multa magnaque paropside coenat?"
Quantum quisque sua numorum
servat in arca,
Tantum habet et fidei. Jures licet et Samothracum
145 Et nostratum aras; contemnere fulmina pauper

Creditur atque Deos, Dis ignoscentibus ipsis.
Quid, quod materiam præbet causasque jocorum
Omnibus hic idem, si fœda et scissa lácerna,~
Si toga sordidula est et rupta calceus alter
Pelle patet; vel si consuto vulnere crassum
Atque recens finum ostendit non una cicatrix ?
Nil habet infelix paupertas durius in se,

timuere patres, quo tempore Vesta arsit!
attonite flebant demisso crine ministre:
abstulerat vires corporis ipse timor. (Ves-
tales Metellus) dubitare videbat et pavidas
posito procubuisse genu; Ov. F. vi. 437.
&c. G.

140. Quærenda pecunia primum est,
virtus post numos; Hor. I Ep. i. 53 sq.
R. Thus they quite reversed the order of
things, for sit omne judicium, non quam
locuples, sed qualis quisque sit; Cic. Off.
ii. 20. GR.

141. A person's fortune is estimated by the establishment he keeps.' LU. vii. 76. 93. ix. 67. 136. xii. 28. R.

142. Jugerum was as much land as could be ploughed in a day by one yoke of oxen. LU.

Пagois a dish.' T. table he keeps.' PR.

• What sort of

143. Quia tanti, quantum habeas, sis; Hor. I S. i. 62. in pretio pretium nunc est, dat census honores, census amicitias, pauper ubique jacet; Ov. F. i. 217 sq. LU. aurum atque ambitio specimen virtutis utrique est, tantum habeas, tantum ipse sies, tantique habearis; Lucil. VS." Men's honesties," says Barnaby Rich, "are now measured by the Subsidie Book; he that is rich is honest; and the more a man doth abounde in wealth, so much he doth exceed, and that as well in honestie as in wit;" Irish Hubbub, G.

144. The Thracian Samos at the north of the Ægean is now called Samandrachi. The Roman penates came originally from this island. Macrobius iii. 4. says, the Samothracian gods' (called Cabiri) were Jupiter, Juno, Vesta, and

Minerva. LU. Virg. Æ. iii. 12. PR. see
Cumberland, Orig. app. de Cabb. G.

145. "To swear by the altars,' i. e. laying your hands on the altars, and swearing by the deities to whom the altars were consecrated.' GR. Hor. II Ep. i. 16. M. xiv. 219. Tib. IV. xiii. 15. Sil. viii. 105. R. St Matthew xxiii. 18 sqq.

To despise,' as if the poor were beneath the notice of the gods. BA. cf. Hor. II Od. x. 11 sq. Or as if the deities would forgive perjury, when it originated in necessity and not in wilfulness. VS.

146. The sentiment in these lines seems borrowed from a Greek comedy; πρόσεστιν ἄρα καὶ τῷ πίνητ ̓ ἀπιστία· κἂν σοφὸς ὑπάρχῃ, κἂν λέγῃ τὸ σύμφερον, δοκεῖ τι φράσειν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν κακῶς, τῶν γὰρ πενήτων πίστιν οὐκ ἔχει λόγος· ἀνὴς δὲ πλουτῶν, κἂν ἀγὼν ψευδηγορῇ δοκεῖ τι Ogúruv toïs àxovovo' ücQuλis Phil. fr. G.

147. See 86. "Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at him;" as Falstaff says; K. H. 1v. pt. ii. A. I. sc. ii.

148. Hic idem pauper. LU. cf. Theoph. Ch. xix. 3. Sen. Ep. 93. Suet. Aug. 73. R.

Lacerna; i. 62. PR.

Quam quod ridiculos homines facit. "Si pudor est, et de pulvino surgat equestri, 155 Cujus res legi non sufficit et sedeant hic"Lenonum pueri quocumque in fornice nati. Hic plaudat nitidi præconis filius inter Pinnirapi cultos juvenes juvenesque lanistæ. Sic libitum vano, qui nos distinxit, Othoni.

160 Quis gener hic placuit censu minor atque puellæ a
Sarcinulis impar? Quis pauper scribitur heres?
Quando in consilio est Edilibus? Agmine facto
Debuerant olim tenues migrasse Quirites..
Haud facile emergunt, quorum virtutibus obstat

བའི་ 165 Res angusta domi; sed Romæ durior illis Conatus: magno hospitium miserabile, magno Servorum ventres, et frugi cœnula magno. Fictilibus coenare pudet, quod turpe negavit Translatus subito ad Marsos mensamque Sabellam 170 Contentusque illic veneto duroque culullo.**

Pars magna Italiæ est, si verum admittimus, in qua
Nemo togam sumit, nisi mortuus. Ipsa dierum
Festorum herboso colitur si quando theatro
Majestas tandemque redit ad pulpita notum
175 Exodium, quum personæ pallentis hiatum

pigra extulit arctis haud umquam sese virtus;
Sil. xiii. 773. ad summus emergere opes;
Lucr. ii. 13. R. [Livy xxv, 38, i. ED.]
ἀδύνατον γὰρ ἢ οὐ ῥᾴδιον τὰ καλὰ πράττειν
ἀχορήγητον ὄντα πολλὰ γὰρ πράττεται
καθάπερ δι' ὀργάνων, καὶ διὰ φίλων καὶ
πλούτου καὶ πολιτικῆς δυνάμεως Arist.
Eth. i. 8. PR. Claudian insinuates that
things were changed for the better in his
days; non obruta virtus paupertate jacet:
lectos ex omnibus oris evehis, et meritum,
non quæ cunabula, quæris; et qualis, non
unde satus; Stil. ii. 121 sqq. G.

165. It is difficult any where; but &c.' PR.

166. Magno understand constat pretio. LU.

167. Servants appetites,' i. e. the keep of servants.' VS. xiii. 162 sqq. R.

168. Magnus ille est qui fictilibus sic utitur, quemadmodum argento; nec ille minor est, qui argento sic utitur, quemadmodum fictilibus; Sen. LU.

Negabit; GR. FE. HO. negabis; VA. negarit; cf. xiv. 134. G. but no alteration is necessary, for the verb is put indefinitely, which no one would be ashamed of.' LU. See notes on arißn, Her. iii. 82. and igagnrav, Her. vii. 10.

169. Cf. xiv. 180. Frugality was not yet exploded in these parts of Italy. BE. At Rome every thing is extravagantly dear, and yet we dare not retrench for fear of being despised; in the country we should have none of these prejudices to encounter ; we might be poor without becoming the objects of scorn, and frugal without being thought ridiculous.' G.

170. Veneto of common blue ware.' culullo a bowl or great handled cup,' properly ' of earthen ware.' Schol. on Hor. I Od. xxxi. 11. A. P. 434. Vene

tum lutum ; Mart. III. lxxiv. 4. cf. VIII.
vi. 2. XIV. cviii. 2. Tib. I. i. 40. R.

172. The toga was the dress of cere-
mony, worn by the poor, when they paid
their respects to the rich: it was also the
dress of business. In the country the
tunic was the usual dress, which was less
cumbersome, 179. Martial says of Spain
ignota est toga; XII. xviii. 17. cf. IV.
Ixvi. 3. X. xlvii. 5. li. 6. Pliny of his
villa, ibi nulla necessitas toge; Ep. ix.
1. vii. 3. both of them regarding this
circumstance as a comfort. But the
Romans always dressed the remains of
their deceased friends with the most
punctilious care. Mart. IX. lviii. 8. G.
LI. PR.

173. It was many ages before the
Romans could boast of a permanent
theatre; the first was built by Pompey,
of hewn stone: Tac. A. xiv. 20. The
temporary country theatres were con-
structed of turf. LU. Virg. Æ. v. 286
sqq. M. in gradibus sedit populus de cespite
factis; Ov. A. A. i. 107 &c. R. Prop.
IV. i. 15. Our word SCENE is derived
from exnvà a shady bower.' PR.
174. The solemuity.' LU.
Tandem at the expiration of the year.'

or at the conclusion of the serious play.'
Redit for rediit has its last syllable log.
Pulpita the stage.' viii. 195. FE. LÜ.
xiv. 257. R. Notum; in Rome some
novelty was produced. PR.

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175. The farce' acted after the tra gedy, to dispel melancholy impressions. T. vi. 71. PR. The slaidia were performed at the beginning, and the Boxa interludes' in the middle of the drama. principio exitus dignus exodiumque sequetur; Lucil. VS. Liv. vii. 2. R.

вих

In gremio matris formidat rusticus infans;
quales habitus illic similesque videbis
Orchestram et populum; clari velamen honoris,
Sufficiunt tunicæ summis Edilibus albæ.

180 Hic ultra vires habitus nitor: hic aliquid plus,
Quam satis est, interdum aliena sumitur arca.
Commune id vitium est. Hic vivimus ambitiosa
Paupertate omnes. Quid te moror? Omnia Romæ
Cum pretio. ́ ́Quid das, ut Cossum aliquando salutes?
185 Ut te respiciat clauso Veiento labello ?.

Ille metit barbam, crinem hic deponit amati.

ghastly colour' and had wide mouths' to allow free scope to the voice of the actor. FA. LU. στόμα κεχηνός πάμ μεγα ὡς καταπιόμενος τοὺς θεατάς Luc. . ix. 27. cf. Hor. A. P. 277. Plaut. Rud. II. vi. 51. R.

176. That women used to carry children to the theatre appears from the following passage; nutrices pueros infantes, minutulos domi ut procurent, nere spectatum afferant, ne et ipsa sitiant, et pueri peritent fame ; neve esurientes hic quasi hadi obvagiant; Plaut. Poen. pr. PR.

177. Illic in country towns.'"

178. The orchestra' was the space next the stage, where the senators were accommodated with chairs; vii. 47. The rustic theatre had no such orchestra; the word here denotes the place next the performers, where the most consequential country-gentlemen sat. FE. PR. G.

179. For the very highest personages, the ediles, it is distinction enough to wear a white tunic;' LU. FE. which would have been no distinction at Rome. Mart. IV. ii. PR.

You pay dearly for every thing at Rome;' cf. 166 sq. LU.

184. What does it not cost you to bribe the domestics of Cossus to admit you to his morning levee?' LU. Difficiles aditus primos habet. "Haud mihi deero: muneribus servos corrumpam: non, hodie si exclusus fuero, desistam ;" &c. Hor. I S. ix. 56 sqq. PR. izò bugwen κακῶς συρίζοντι καὶ ὀνομακλήτορι Λιβυκῷ ταττόμενον καὶ μισθὸν τελοῦντα τῆς μνήμης τοῦ ὀνόματος Lucian π. τ. ἐπὶ μισθῷ OUVóvTWY. R. We may suppose Aurelius Cossus to have been a wealthy nobleman of the day. M.

185. Fabricius Veiento; iv. 113. vi. 82 sqq. T. Tac. xiv. 50. Plin. Ep. iv. 22. PR. Mart. X. x. 5. Suet. Ner. 37. Seneca de Br. Vit. 2. R.

Clauso labello without once deigning to open his lips.' PR.

Nero

186. The wealthier Romans, on ar-
riving at manhood, dedicated the first
shavings of their beard and pollings of
their hair to some deity: many to the
Pythian Apollo, others to Esculapius,
others to the river gods of their country:
Mart. I. xxxii. IX. xvii. xviii.
enclosed his in a golden pix adorned
with pearls, and offered it with great
state to Capitoline Jove. Suet. 12. Dio.
The day of dedication was kept as a fes-
tival, and complimentary presents were
expected from friends and clients, as on
birthdays. Here the poor client has to
pay the same compliment to the patron's
minions, in order to gain the ear of their
lord. Ille and hic are two patrons. LU.
FA. PR. G.
See Hom. II. 141 sqq.

and Schol. on Pind. P. iv. 145.
Metit has it shaved;' deponit has it

Plena domus libis venalibus. Accipe et istuda
Fermentum tibi habe: præstare tributa clientes
Cogimur et cultis augere peculia servis.

190 Quis timet aut timuit gelida Præneste ruinam
Aut positis nemorosa inter juga Volsiniis aut
Simplicibus Gabiis aut proni Tiburis arce?
Nos urbem colimus tenui tibicine fultam /
Magna parte sui. Nam sic labentibus obstat
195 Villicus et, veteris rimæ quum texit hiatum,
Sécuros pendente jubet dormire ruina.

Vivendum est illic, ubi nulla incendia, nulli
Nocte metus. Jam poscit aquam, jam frivola transfert
Ucalegon; tabulata tibi jam tertia fumant:

cut.' HK. ACH. cf. 116. The hardship,
however, would be aggravated if we
read amatus, implying that there was
more than one favourite to be courted in
each great man's house. R.

187. The libum was a kind of gingerbread, made of flour, honey, and oil. PR. or, according to Athenaus, πλακοῦς ἐκ γάλακτος ἰτρίων Te nai μśderos iii. 66. R. These cakes' were sent in such quantities as to be sold.' PR.

188. Take this if you can digest it, and let the leaven work within your spleen.' VS. LU. M. cf. i. 45. Pers. i. 24. Plaut. Merc. V. iii. 3. Cas. II. v. 17. Aul. III. iv. 9. R.

186. Cultis i. e. amatis, 186. R. cf. 158. It may also mean respectfully courted' M. pampered menials.'

Peculia the vails or perquisites.' M. That property of a servant or child, over which the master or parent had no power.' LU.

Tibur, now Tivoli,' on the Anio; a town of Latium, built on a steep acclivity: hence called supinum; Hor. III Od. iv. 23. VS. PR. M.

Arx denotes (1) a height,' (2) ‹ a citadel,' (3) a city' in general. R.

193. Tibicen a prop or shore.' LU. 195. The steward,' M. or the city surveyor;' cf. iv. 77. FE. or the landlord,' or the edile;' R. or the village mason.' ACH.

After closing the crack in the walls with a little plaster.' VS.

196. Without apprehension;' though not tutos secured from danger;' tuta scelera esse possunt, secura non possunt ; Sen. ep. 97.

Pendente impending.' FE.

197. Illic in the country.' cf. 190. 223 sq. R.

198. The repetition of the word jam three times, denotes the progress of the fire.

Having saved his valuables in the first instance, he is now moving his lumber, without ever thinking of giving the alarm to his poor lodgers.' R.

190. Præneste, being here feminine, comes from the nominative Prænestis, GRE. a town of Latium, now Palestrina.' It was cool' from its waters, as well as from its situation on a hill: PR. frigidum Præneste; Hor. III Od. iv. 22. duced from Virgil's description of Troy R. altum; Virg. Æ. vii. 682. M. Ruinam; cf. 7 sq.

191. Now Bolsena,' a city of Tuscany. PR.

192. Gabii, a town of Latium between Rome and Præneste. R. Simple,' from being a dupe to the artifices of Sextus Tarquinius. Flor. i. 7. LU. Liv. i. 53 sq. PR. or unadorned' VS. cf. simplex munditiis; Hor. I Od. v. 5.

199. The name of Ucalegon is intro

in flames: jam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam, Vulcuno superante, domus; jum proximus ardet Ucalegon; E. ii. 310 sqq. VS.

The third floor which you occupy.' The rich used to let the upper rooms of their houses to poorer people: canacula; x. 18. scalis habito tribus, sed altis; Mart. I. cxviii. 7. LU. cf. vii. 118. Hor. I Ep. i.91. Plaut. Amph.III.i.3. Suet. Vit. 7. Ř.