WHAT THE PUBLIC WANTSBELOW THE EQUATOR BY MARIA MORAVSKY OOR Charlie Chaplin would be sorely distressed if he saw how coldly his films are received on the other side of the globe. America's Sweetheart also would not be satisfied with her far-away audience. These queer Peruvians, Chileans, and half a dozen of other recently movieinfected nationalities of South America, all of them are blind to the charms of your Mary. It is not so much the fault of the players as the film-makers. What is considered "sure fire" in the States does not work there, below the Great Belt. Happy endings leave the audience dissatisfied. The inevitable embrace in the last reel is not seldom met with an open sneer. Strange creature is the South American. No less than half a dozen murders (on the screen) can satisfy him. Suicides are even more in vogue. And if you want to please his heart thoroughly, kill the hero and make the heroine fade away, mourning him! He is just like a Russian, in this respect. 1 One of the pictures most popular in South America was "Hijas Perdidas" (Perished Daughters), a melodramatic German production, with a brokenhearted parent in the last scene. He discovers his son lured into a bad house kept by his own daughter! This is meant as a punishment for the sins of his early youth. There is a nice dying scene, besides, and several love's illusions smashed. Also a couple of ruined girls. Lot of unpunished villains. Tragic ending. The public was delighted. I am not going to analyze thoroughly the whys of such attitude. It was formed partly because of the Latin craving for stark realism; its tragic stories serve as a consolation for these people whose living conditions are often beggarlike. There is a kind of perverse cheerfulness in the thought that others have to suffer also. North American optimism is seldom met with among those somber halfSpaniards. Indian blood, freely mixed with the Latin for centuries, probably has something to do with their fatalistic outlook on life. Whatever are the reaSons, one is clear: the public below the equator wants tragedies. And the bloodier the better. This is written partly for the benefit of the film manufacturers; they may Some day come to reason and abandon shipping to the far South the "sunny" American dramas. But, aside from this charitable purpose, I strive to remind American readers, actors, and photoplaywriters that the taste of the masses is not standardized the world over. So, in order to gain either world-wide market or world-wide fame, they should season their Extra Sweet Syrup Productions with the bitter spice of pessimism which the public likes immensely-below the equator. Already it has been praised by John Clair Minot in The Boston Herald, W. Orton Tewson in The Philadelphia Public Ledger, as well as by Mr. Cooper in The New York Herald-flayed by Heywood Broun in The New York World, and by Burton Rascoe in The New York Tribune-both praised and flayed by Katharine Fullerton Gerould in The New York Times, and by Edwin Francis Edgett in The Boston Transcript. Mr. Cooper is right. The early reviews prove his statement. "This Freedom" will be more widely, more heatedly discussed than "If Winter Comes"-which means that you MUST read it. in every line of household, educational, business, or personal service-domestic workers, teachers, nurses, business or professional assistants, etc., etc.-whether you require help or are seeking a situation, may be filled through a little announcement in the classified columns of The Outlook. If you have some article to sell or exchange, these columns may prove of real value to you as they have to many others. Send for descriptive circular and order blank AND FILL YOUR WANTS. 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Douglas name and portrait is the best known shoe Trade Mark in the world. It stands for the highest standard of quality at the lowest possible cost. The name and price is plainly stamped on the sole. Mo Douglas President W. L. Douglas Shoe Co. 167 Spark St., Brockton, Mass. 130 ROOM AT THE TOP In Social Work as in Other Professions Two hundred American cities are seeking men trained and experienced in community organization to direct Councils of Social Agencies, Welfare Federations and Joint Financing Enterprises. If you have had administrative experience in social agencies you can get Professional Training and Practical Experience in Community Organization Work at the School of Applied Social Sciences WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY and THE WELFARE FEDERATION Cleveland A nominal salary is paid to students during training. Write now for admission to the October or the February classes. JAMES ELBERT CUTLER, Ph.D., Dean 11014 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio SCHOLARSHIPS T ARE T it to & me 129 131 its 133 133 134 Political Hopes: Blasted and Blossomed 134 S S An Army, Not an Association..... 134 ( To Show How Costly Summer Was. 135 China and American Sectarianism.... 136 New Polar Geography..... 136 available, partial, endowed, for promising students, girls DEAN ACADEMY, Franklin, Mass. -above 12, in a high-grade boarding school; college preparatory. College town. Send school record and references. Talent preferred. Box 8,205, Outlook. TEACHERS' AGENCIES 56th Year. Young men and young women find here a homelike atmosphere, thorough and efficient training in every department of a broad culture, a loyal and helpful school spirit. Liberal endowment permits liberal terms, $400 to $500 per year. Special course in domestic science. For catalogue and inforination address, The Pratt Teachers Agency ARTHUR W. PEIRCE, Litt.D., Headmaster 70 Eifth Avenue, New York Recommends teachers.to colleges, public and private schools. Advises parents about schools. Win. O. Pratt, Mgr. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GUNSTON HALL In the National Capital A Girls' School With an Atmosphere of Quiet Refinement and Culture Washington offers many unusual advantages in Art Exhibits, Concerts, Social and Governmental Activities. Gunston Hall stands for Character Building as well as Scholastic Attainment. General Academic, College Preparatory, PostGraduate and Elective Courses. All branches of Athletics. For catalog address Mrs. BEVERLEY R. MASON 1938 Florida Ave., The McCarter School KENT PLACE 20 miles from N. Y. Crane Normal Institute of Music 51 MAIN STREET, POTSDAM, NEW YORK Indian Mountain School PUTNAM HALL, School for Girls One year tutoring course for boys who need individual instruction Beautiful location. Splendid equipment. Athletics. Write for booklet. F. B. RIGGS, Lakeville, Connecticut College preparatory, social secretary and other courses. All out-of-door sports. Campus of four acres. Supervised gymnastics. Sleeping porches. Hockey field. ELLEN C.BARTLETT, A.B., Principal, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. (807. "Renzelver" School Children five to twelve, continuing education through period of physical strengthening and corrective development. H. MARGUERITE SCHRYVER, Principal, Staatsburgh-on-Hudson, N. Y. Booklet. By Elbert Francis Baldwin Business Men and Business Cycles.. 141 FEW CONTRIBUTORS' cw American writers, explorers, lecturers, and special correspondents are better known than George Kennan. As the special correspondent of The Outlook in the Russo-Japanese War; in Cuba, in the Spanish War times; in Martinique after the great volcanic eruption; and in other countries, Mr. Kennan has done some of the most notable special correspondence work in the history of this journal. He had for a great many years the pleasure of a peculiarly intimate friendship with Alexander Gra-ham Bell. In this article he is perhaps the first to write about Dr. Bell with hardly a mention of the telephone. The article will be found, we are sure, to be the more interesting in that it is personal and reminiscent rather than scientific in its character. IEUTENANT-COMMANDER K. C. McINTOSH of the United States Navy makes readable a scientific subject. His article was announced in our issue of September 13 as written by Lieutenant Tinker. We wish to correct that statement and apologize for the substitution of names in our advance notice. Lieutenant-Commander McIntosh has been stationed at the Naval Air Station at Pensacola and is a frequent contributor to "Sea Power," "The Naval Institute Proceedings," and numerous aeronautical magazines. D B. FREDERICK W. CLAMPETT is Chaplain of Saint Luke's Chapel in Paris. During the war he was Chaplain of the 144th Field Artillery in France and be A neglected American type depicted by people who know Many articles have been written about conspicuous men whose careers are notable successes by reason of their wealth or professional. positions, but every town has another type the average successful American who has done his duty to his family and his community and has reached a position of trust and honor in the minds of his neighbors which cannot be measured in the usual terms of success. It is this type of American which will be depicted for the first time in a series to which the three noted writers mentioned above have contributed. To begin in the OCTOBER SCRIBNER'S fore that Rector Emeritus of Trinity St. John's Riverside Hospital Training | UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Church of San Francisco. School for Nurses BROADWAY AT 120TH STREET The charter requires that "Equal privileges of admission and instruction, with all the advantages of the Institution, shall be allowed to Students of every denomination of Christians." Eighty-seventh year begins September 27th, 1922. For catalogue, address THE DEAN OF STUDENTS. BRONZE HONOR ROLL HISTORICAL TABLETS Write us your requirements REED & BARTON, TAUNTON, MASS SEPTEMBER 27, 1922 THE DESTRUCTION OF SMYRNA T HE unresisted entrance of Kemal's was followed, as has so often been the case in Turkish victories, by rapine, slaughter, and fire. Smyrna, a city of some 300,000 inhabitants, is little but a heap of ashes and ruins; only a part of the Turkish residence quarter remains untouched; for three days the fires burned practically unchecked. No one knows how many Greeks and Armenians perished. A terror-stricken mob of people. sought refuge on the waterfront and overcrowded the foreign ships in the harbor. The American war vessels there, we are glad to report, renlered efficient and humane assistance within their limited power. Foreign schools and institutions, some of them American, went down in the general combustion, but so far as is known American teachers and workers (except erhaps a few naturalized American citiens) escaped alive and are actively enpaged in relief work. There is danger that, in the centering of interest in the grave international ssues raised by Greece's overwhelming lefeat, attention may be diverted from he humanitarian side of the problem. Whatever else is done, the Powers hould take steps to prevent the recurFence of massacre and devastation in the lear East. In this America has a right nd duty to be heard, both because of le extent of our benevolent and comercial interests and because American ves are involved. We shall unquestionbly join also in the needed relief 'ork. We should also let our National rotest be heard as to the crimes ommitted against civilization and huanity under the guise of warfare. rom time immemorial Turkish vicories have meant massacre, cruelty, and lavery, and Kemal's triumph is no exeption to the historical record. It is eported that the Assembly of the eague of Nations, after listening to an arnest plea from Dr. Nansen, indicated hat it could only by resolution express an ardent desire" that something be one. In some way the world must put stop to barbaric slaughter in the Near ast, and our responsibility and duty id not lapse because we do not take a art in the political and territorial quesons involved. The Kemalist Parliaent is reported as asking that the ague of Nations and a neutral comission investigate the atrocity charges. (C) Underwood THE CITY AND HARBOR OF SMYRNA BEFORE THE CONFLAGRATION WHAT WILL TURKEY GAIN? THE HE story is told by Mr. CunliffeOwen in the New York "Times" that three hundred years ago, after a disastrous war, the Sultan of Turkey ordered to be recited in every mosque this prayer, "May the Angel of Discord, who has always been our ally, come again to our aid, and confound our enemies." Once again indecision and lack of a united purpose among the Powers have put the Turkish armies into a threatening position, and will almost certainly gain for Turkey important concessions. We hear very little now of the demand, so strong just after the Great War, that Turkey must be put out of Europe and kept out. Greece has been allowed, and by Great Britain encouraged, to occupy territory in Asia Minor; she has been driven out and disgracefully beaten; no one doubts that Turkey will hold on to Anatolia. There is a strong probability that she will receive concessions in Thrace, and she is clamorously demanding Adrianople and supremacy in Constantinople itself. If one thing is patent, it is that the old Entente Powers must cease their shifty indecision and secret promotion of individual ambitions and unite in a common policy. Russia openly favors Kemal and threatens to aid him; with the Russo-German treaty signed at Genoa in mind, there are future possibilities of a German, Russian, and Turkish combination in Near East affairs that may not be disregarded. "A rein vigorated Entente is needed to face a reinvigorated Turkey," says one writer. On one point the Entente Powers should join: that the Dardanelles and the passage to the Black Sea must be kept open, free, and neutralized. Alarmed by Kemal's threats made in the first flush of victory, Great Britain at once instituted a vigorous military policy, landing troops and guns at Chanak (on the Asian side of the Straits), sending large reinforcements to her already large naval force in the Straits, urging the Balkan countries to aid in the defense, and even inviting Australia and Canada to send military contingents. The attitude of some classes in Great Britain was less warlike, and for two reasons: one was the evident dislike of a large part of the British press and people to anything like a new war; the second was the expressed belief of France and Italy that a peaceable agreement might be reached around a council table. General Townshend, of Kut-el-Amara fame, is reported as saying that England must "get out" of the Near East; he is one of those who fear the effect of a strong policy on Mohammedans in India and Egypt. On September 19 it was officially stated in London, after a Cabinet meeting, that Great Britain will defend the Dardanelles alone if the other Powers refuse to join, while Kemal has had the audacity to ask that his army occupy Thrace during peace negotiations. The real danger point is the part of |