THE STRAITS, THE NEUTRALIZED ZONE, AND SMYRNA

Angora, the seat of Kemal's Nationalist Government, is about 150 miles east of. Eskishehr

the neutral zone that lies in Asiaclearly shown on the map printed on this page. Kemal's troops have in some instances overstepped the neutral line; if his army enters the zone in force on the plea that it should be part of Turkey's Asian possession, a difficult and dangerous situation may arise. The indication as we write is that the whole Near East question will be taken up quickly by a conference of the nations involved.

Entente. If this is a real military combination under French leadership, the peace of Europe will probably not be disturbed by an attempted German comeback. Any reasons for further European wars are offset by political confusion, lack of preparedness, and by the French army, which at this moment is the principal safeguard of civilization."

POLITICAL HOPES: BLASTED AND BLOSSOMED

T

HE Democratic hope that Senator Lodge might fail of renomination in Massachusetts had little tangible basis. The result of the primary by which he was nominated by a three-to-one vote bore out the predictions of all observers familiar with conditions in Massachusetts. For Governor, Massachusetts chose to renominate the present holder of that office, Channing H. Cox. Governor Cox's opponent was AttorneyGeneral J. Weston Allen, who did such good work in securing the disbarment of District Attorneys Tufts and Pelletier for using the machinery of government for private extortion.

If the Democrats are disappointed in the renomination of Senator Lodge, they ought to be pleased over the defeat of Cole Blease for the Governorship of South Carolina. It is probably a tragic confession of editorial ignorance to admit that we know very little of the record of his victorious opponent, Mr. Thomas G. McLeod. To know that Cole

Blease has been defeated is, however, adequate ground for congratulating the State of South Carolina.

The present Governor of Georgia, Thomas W. Hardwick, has been beaten for renomination by Clifford L. Walker. Five years ago Governor Hardwick was Senator from Georgia. and was beaten for re-election mainly because President Wilson threw his influence against him. In the present contest he apparently owes his defeat to his former ally, Thomas E. Watson, of vitriolic pen and Governor the United States Senate. Hardwick also incurred the hostility of the Ku Klux Klan by his praiseworthy attempt to make that organization of misguided nativists unmask.

AN ARMY, NOT AN
ASSOCIATION

THE Salvation Army is unique among

under the absolute rule of one man. As in every other army, the General com mands; the officers and soldiers obey. That great genius, William Booth, built the organization on the army type be cause he saw the possibilities of disci pline, obedience, the uniform, and the band-militancy, in short. In many ways the plan has worked marvelously well. The Salvation Army has fought a good fight; one does not have to agree with its theological tenets (few, perhaps, know or care' precisely what they are) nor to find its methods always dignified; what matters is that it has been of vast helpfulness in seeking out those who are sick, poor, and hopeless-whether in body, mind, or soul-and bringing them Christian brotherhood and aspira tion.

Under the direction of Commander Evangeline Booth the Salvation Army in America has made remarkable advances in numbers, in efficiency, and in popular esteem. It is, we believe, the largest existing branch of the Army. Its war work was beyond praise. Literally it befriended the American soldier; and no American soldier who saw its work in France will ever fail to remember its friendly spirit. While its capital and property holdings are said to have increased by $22,000,000 under Commander Booth's direction, an astoundingly large percentage of the income received goes directly to the needy and to actual work; the officers, from Commander Booth down, receive, above actual ex penses, what would be called pitifully small pay were it not that every one knows that they literally give them selves, and that their devotion is un bounded.

In view of what the Army has accom plished, it would be rash to say that hereditary supremacy has not been wise

for this special form of activity. But it is natural for American laymen to wonder whether an infusion of democracy in government might not be desirable here.

When, the other day, Commander Evangeline Booth, head of the Salvation Army in America, received from her brother in London, Commander-in-Chief Bramwell Booth, polite and appreciative marching orders, she accepted them without a word of complaint; she is a good soldier; she knows how to obey. In due time she will return to England to accept any command or work assigned her. It is reputed that General Booth proposes himself to supervise from London the American organization through the co-operation here of three Commissioners, in New York, Chicago, and San Francisco. All this is quite correct legally and quite within the rules and methods of the organization. But again the American layman may express the hope that the head of the Army and his staff will give due emphasis to the fact that the great body of the Army on this side of the water is American and that practically all the money contributed is American and that care will be taken to assure the public that American ideals and wishes will be considered in the management of the Army. It was largely the feeling that this was not the case which led to the split in the organization about twenty-five years ago.

CHINA AND AMERICAN SECTARIANISM

AT

IT the recent National Christian Conference in Shanghai it was reported that 120 different religious communions from the Occidental world are now working in the Oriental republic. Native Christians are tired of explaining to the people why Southern Methodists are found, in Northern China. Translating .such words as Baptist, Episcopal, and Presbyterian leads to results that rejoice the facetious but which do not contribute to edification. People who are critical of mission boards may understand a little better why denominationalism continues in China by a study of recent history among the Disciples of Christ. The reports issued at their convention at Winona Lake, Indiana, the first week in September, and the discussion of these reports, throw a great light upon the problem. From the face of the documents it seems that Disciples missionaries, who were immersionists at home, have not been very zealous in pushing the denominational dogma beyond the sea. Chinese Presbyterians and other pedobaptists moving into a district where only Disciples churches were found were received as Christian brethren and put to work. They became church officers and were even employed

(C) Underwood

DONALD B. MACMILLAN

as mission workers. So little account did the missionaries take of denominational distinction that they in some instances reported these unimmersed people as members. A conservative minister of America visited the mission fields last year with an interpreter, and these facts were brought to the attention of the American constituency in an unmistakable way, compelling the mission board to admit most of the allegations, and to try to explain them.

The Disciples of Christ at Winona Lake have answered the demand of the Shanghai Conference of native Christians with denial of their request for Christian union. The missionaries are warned that if they take pedobaptists into the native churches as full members they will be recalled, though as a compromise measure the board has replied to an inquiry from the Rev. E. K. Higdon in the Philippines that he may believe in "open membership" if he will agree not to practice it without the consent of his board. That the board is disposed to be as generous as its constituency will permit is seen in the indorsement of the practice of enrolling "guest members" from other communions. If the missionaries do their duty, they must make these "guest members" know that such members are deficient in the matter of baptism from the Disciples standpoint.

Very few Disciples missionaries who have been on the field in the face of naked paganism care much for the theological disputes at home. They see that the only hope of the infant Christian movement in China is co-operation and the erasure of all denominational labels. Chinese leaders have served notice that they will have none of our Occidental denominationalism when they are able

to support the Christian movement without foreign money. Christianity halts in China not because of narrow-minded native leadership in that land, nor because of bigoted missionaries, perhaps not very much on account of ignorant board members at home. It is the sectarian preacher in America who threatens to boycott the missionary task when it gets too liberal who is responsible. Only as broad-minded laymen in the churches are able to modify this noisy sectarianism will China win the chance to become Christian.

NEW POLAR GEOGRAPHY

HE return of the Arctic explorer Donald MacMillan from his year's voyage in the Arctic seas is an interesting event in the world of science and exploration. As in his former expeditions, Dr. MacMillan has brought back valuable contributions to our knowledge of that portion of the ice-bound seas which has never been thoroughly explored. The value of such observations is not of a sensational character but it is no less serious and important.

The region just explored by Dr. Mac Millan is on the upper and western coast of Baffin Bay. It now appears that the geography of this region has always been incorrectly charted on the maps. The MacMillan expedition succeeded in penetrating further into these unknown regions than anyone but the Eskimo has ever gone. It will be remembered that five years ago this explorer returned after four years spent in the Arctic the result of which was to disprove the ex istence of the supposed Crocker Land. It appeared that what was supposed by Admiral Peary to be a newly found stretch of land was in fact the effect of a mirage. Now Dr. MacMillan reports that the entire map of the coastline of Baffin Bay will have to be revised. It has been charted on maps in accord ance with the reports of an explorer commonly known as "Northwestern Fox." His dash in this vicinity was made three hundred years ago, and no one since that time has penetrated so far along that coast. Now MacMillan has followed Fox's road and gone con siderably beyond it, and, as was almost to be expected, he finds that Fox's charts abound in error.

It is interesting to report that under the modern and scientific methods of ex ploration carried out by this expedition and recommended by Peary and Stefans son it was conducted with perfect safety and comparative comfort.

There are great possibilities of dis coveries that may be of practical value in the far north. Even if this were not so, there is something in the nature of mankind which will never be satisfied

until the whole surface of the earth is thoroughly explored and mapped.

THE TENNIS CROWN STAYS PUT

HE tennis crown of America still

rests on the head of William T. Tilden, 2d, of Philadelphia. In the recent -national tournament at Germantown, Pennsylvania, Tilden fought out the -finals with William M. Johnston, of Cali-fornia. The present trophy had been twice won by each of the finalists, and this year's victory gives Tilden perma- . nent possession.

The experiment was made in this year's tournament of "seeding the draw," instead of leaving the arrangement of the players entirely to fortune. The most noteworthy contestants were planted through the list in order to preserve as far as possible the best contests for the last. The scheme, which brought Tilden and Johnston into the final bracket, worked admirably. Johnston took two sets from his opponent, and I then Tilden was forced to win three sets straight in order to gain the victory. The come-back of Tilden under such circumstances afforded a thrill which the spectators will not soon forget.

INTERNATIONAL YACHT RACES

HE contest for America's Cup de

the greatest of sports. The beautiful and fragile toys developed by that historic event we trust will never be brought forth again. It will be a disappointment if the next challenge from England is not made and accepted under rules which will produce vessels rather than the playthings of millionaires.

Since the last contest for America's Cup there have been two Anglo-American team races of a type which deserve hearty encouragement. Last year four American yachtsmen took their sixmeter racers to England and suffered a defeat in British waters. This year four British boats were brought to Long Island Sound for a return match. The American challengers were the victors.

These international races are run on a point basis. The winner of the race is given one point for finishing and one additional point for each beaten contestant. Thus, if eight boats are entered and finish the race, the winner scores eight points for her team, and the second seven, and so on down the line. The present series of six races was won by the Americans by a score of 111 to 104. Even with boats of the six-meter class the sport is not one for those with slender purses. It would be an interesting experiment to attempt to build up an international one-design class. In such a case team matches of even an international character could be held frequently at a minimum of expense, for

Photo Edwin Levick, N. Y.

GREBE (AMERICAN) LEADING REG (BRITISH) IN THE FINAL DAY OF THE INTER

NATIONAL RACES IN LONG ISLAND SOUND OFF OYSTER BAY

it would only be necessary for helmsmen and crews to cross the Atlantic to challenge or defend the trophy at stake. By holding enough races so that each helmsman and his crew could sail all of the boats in turn, an absolute equality of conditions could be created.

The one-design idea has been the making of our small-boat sailing, for it has afforded the best possible training for our young yachtsmen.

It is recognized, of course, that the present method implies both a contest in yacht design as well as yacht handling. To limit an international contest to vessels of one type would eliminate what has been regarded as an important feature of such races; but the gain might more than offset the loss.

LABOR BANKS

T is hard to understand the curious in

I toy un

the ground that we are all human and are therefore all more or less inconsistent.

While during the past summer the leaders of labor organizations have with one hand been knocking down industry, with the other they have been building it up. There are now nine or ten labor banks in operation in this country-that

is to say, banks organized and in the control of trade unions. There is one at Cleveland, Ohio, conducted by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers; another at Hammond, Indiana, conducted by the same Brotherhood; a savings bank at Washington, D. C., belonging to the Machinists' Union; a trade union savings bank at Seattle, Washington; the Finnish Mutual Savings Bank, under labor management, at Superior, Wisconsin; and the Amalgamated Clothing Workers' Bank at Chicago, Illinois. The Order of Railroad Telegraphers has applied for a bank charter in St. Louis, Missouri; a labor bank is planned at Birmingham, Alabama; a labor trust company is reported to be in process of organization in Philadelphia; Pittsburgh is about to have a labor bank; two are planned at Cincinnati, one by the Machinists' Union and one by the Railway Clerks' Union; and labor banks are being organized in San Bernardino, California; Detroit, Michigan; St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnestota; Kansas City, Missouri; Tucson, Arizona; Spokane, Washington; Dallas, Texas; and Three Forks, Montana.

Of all these banks the pioneer and

most successful is the Cleveland Bank, of which Mr. Warren Stone, head of the Locomotive Engineers' Brotherhood, is President. The Locomotive Brotherhood Bank at Cleveland, and all the other labor banks, differ not at all under the law from banks generally, but they are introducing some rather novel and interesting methods. The Cleveland Bank, for example, has disturbed some of its competitors in that prosperous city by paying a larger rate of interest for city and county funds than the other banks had agreed to. The result is said, by a well-informed correspondent of The Outlook, to be that the Locomotive Brotherhood bank, although it has a capital of one million dollars and a surplus of one hundred thousand dollars, and is a member of the Federal Reserve System, is not a member of the Cleveland Clearing-House. The Cleveland Bank, 51 per cent of the stock belonging to the Locomotive Brotherhood as an association and 49 per cent being owned by individual members of the Brotherhood, proposes to pay a dividend to stockholders of not over ten per cent when earned, and to distribute its sur plus earnings over that amount to depositors in an increased interest rate. This is somewhat of a novelty in banking, and is raising some discussion in Cleveland. We imagine, however, that the depositors are not objecting.

Every believer in thrift and prosperity must welcome the creation and successful administration of these labor banks. The Outlook certainly welcomes them. But they confirm its opinion that trade unions ought to be put under the operation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Law, exactly like unions of capital. One law for all is what has made the American Federal Reserve banking system a success and what has enabled these labor banks to spring into being. The trade unions which have wisely organized these labor banks should be held as responsible to the law when they combine to restrain trade, as they should be protected by the law when they combine to promote thrift.

of the returns; for we do not believe that those who voted for a modification of the law, so as to permit the consumption of beer and light wines, realize what their vote actually meant.

The Constitution now forbids the manufacture, sale, or importation of intoxicating beverages. The Volstead Act defines as an intoxicating beverage any beverage containing more than one-half of one per cent of alcohol. If the Volstead Act is so modified as to permit the consumption of beer and light wines, which would require at the very least a ten per cent alcoholic content, the coun try will inevitably have a return of the saloon problem. Beer and light wines must be sold if they are to be consumed. Even if they were not sold for consumption on the premises and the sale were limited to "bottle trade" at groceries or other similar places there would rise triumphant in all its glory the old backroom-grocery barroom-one of the worst phases of the American saloon. If the 40.8 per cent of the "Digest's" voters who want "light wines and beer" had been fairly presented with the indisputable fact that the legal sale of beer and light wines means the revival of the saloon problem, we do not believe it is extravagant to assume that at least half of them would have voted against the saloon.

If our assumption is correct that onehalf of those in the "Digest's" poll who voted for modification would have voted against the return of the saloon, the real significance of the poll is that at least sixty per cent of the balloting was in favor of prohibition-prohibition, at least, of the liquor saloon as it used to exist in this country, and as it still exists as a terrible social sore in Great Britain.

"Manufacturers'

In spite of the reports in the daily press of bootlegging, deaths from wood alcohol, and the violation of the law in the clubs and restaurants of the large cities, scientific and impartial statistics prove, we think, that the social and economic results of the operation of the law so far are beneficial. The Record," of Baltimore, has issued an exceedingly interesting report of a country. wide inquiry it has made of the effects of prohibition on American industry. An overwhelming majority of the leaders of industry favor it. Postal Savings Bank deposits as well as deposits in regular savings banks, especially in industrial centers, have grown. Crimes and convictions due to drunkenness have decreased. Hospitals report a marked falling off in cases of alcoholism and secondary diseases due to alcoholism. These social and economic gains are not matters of guesswork but of carefully compiled statistics. The "Scientific

Temperance Journal," of Boston, published in June a complete, elaborate, and impartial survey of the situation in Massachusetts, and quotes Dr. Charles W. Eliot, of Harvard, a man of scientific type of mind who weighs his words, as saying to the Massachusetts Legislature: "Evidence has accumulated on every hand that prohibition has promoted public health, public happiness, and indus trial efficiency. This evidence comes from manufacturers, physicians, nurses of all sorts, school, factory, hospital, and district, and from social workers of many races and religions laboring daily in a great variety of fields. This testimony also demonstrates beyond a doubt that prohibition is actually sapping the terrible force of disease, poverty, crime, and vice. These results are obtained in spite of the imperfect enforcement in some communities of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution."

Nation-wide prohibition is a magnificent and unique experiment. Time only, and a fair trial, can demonstrate whether it can be made a permanent success. But it at least deserves a fair trial, and so it seems to us that every man who wishes his family and his country well will by his vote for mem bers of Congress this autumn sustain strict enforcement in order that the men and women of the oncoming generation may have a chance to determine from experience what the permanent policy of the country shall be regarding alcohol as a beverage. We have little doubt that, with fair play and a chance to study actual results over a reasonable period of time, the verdict of the coming generation will be against alcohol, as the verdict of our generation has been against morphine and cocaine.

Ο

THE OLD SOAK

NE of the most fertile imaginat tions in America is possessed b Mr. Don Marquis, now columnis for the New York "Tribune." The deligh ful succession of characters which hav emerged from Mr. Marquis's brain an served as the vehicles for his philos phies and his antipathies constitutes most agreeable chapter in the writing of the present day. None of his figur perhaps has yet attained the univers popularity of Mr. Dooley, but many the creatures of his brain seem almo as much alive as the hero of Arche Road.

News that "The Old Soak," vehicle f Mr. Marquis's antipathy to prohibitio. and his recognition of both the vices an the imaginary quality of the so-calle virtues of alcohol, was to appear on th stage made many theater-goers look fo