APPENDIX.

Particulars taken from Manuscript Cartularies in the Record Office, showing the Tenures and Services of Tenants of various Manors in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries.

I. BATTLE-ABBEY (Sussex).

Cartulary No. 57.-The dates assigned to the extents in this volume are those given by the late Sir F. Palgrave in App. II. to the Eighth Report of the Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records' (pp. 139-141).

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1. Manor of Bernehorne (Sussex).- An extent taken 35 Edward [I.] gives 8 freeholders (liberi tenentes '), 7 nativi, 18 coterelli, and one tenant for life, Silvester sacerdos,' who holds an acre adjacent to his mesuage. (1)

2. Manor of Bright-Walton (Britwolton') (Berks).—A rental of 12 Edward [II.] gives 6 freeholders (qui tenent libere '), 10 virgarii, 17 cotarii, 28 villani, and 4 coterie. (2) Of the freeholders, 2 are said to be villani of the lord; another is the parson of Bright-Walton.

3. Manor of Bromham (Wilts).—A rental of about the same date as the last gives 12 freeholders (liberi tenentes') 5 'majores Erdlings" (.e., yerdlings or yardlings=virgarii), 8 'minores Erdlinges,' 11 Halferdlinges et majores cotarii,' 13 'minores cotarii, 3 coterie, and 2 who do not perform works. (3) There are also two tenants at will, one a nativus of the lord.

4. Manor of Limenesfeld (Wilts). An extent taken in 5 Edward [II.] gives 55 freeholders (liberi tenentes'); no other tenants are mentioned. Some of them are said to be adeo parvæ tenure et inpotentes quod neque carucas integras nec earum aliquam partem habere estimatur.' (4)

5. Manor of Prynkehamme.-A list of tenants in the same handwriting as the last extent gives 10 freeholders (liberi tenentes'), 23 nativi, and 29 tenants at will. (5)

6. Manor of Brodehamme (Wilts). An extent taken in 5 Edward II. gives 7 freeholders (liberi tenentes '), 9 nativi, and 4 tenants at will. One of the nativi is the Prior of Tanridge (6) (Tanregge'), unless the seven names at the top of fol. 73, which follow the two coming at the bottom of fol. 72 b, are names of tenants whose class has not been defined.

Cartulary No. 56.

1. Hundred of Battle. A rental and custumal made 8 Henry VI.

a. Tenures in the parishes and precincts of the borough of Sanglake, otherwise Battle. In Tiltonsbathe are 8 freeholders, and 13 who hold per irrotulamentum.' (7) In Breggesell are 6 freeholders, and 1 who holds 'per irrotulamentum.' (8)

b. Outside the vill of Battle, near Longreche, are 2 freeholders, and 2 who hold 'per irrotulamentum.' (9)

2. Manor of Bright-Walton.-Rental renewed 3 Henry VI. It appears that there were 1 freeholder (10), 8 virgarii, 5 dimidii virgarii, 16 holding cotsetella (one being the Rector of BrightWalton), 5 holding cotagia, and 6 called cotarii. (11)

3. Manor of Bromham.-Rental renewed 8 Henry VI. There are 14 freeholders, 5 more yerdlynges,' 7 'lasseyerdlynges,' 11 'halfyerdelynges et majores cotarii,' and 33 not defined. (12)

II. A Religious House in COVENTRY, most probably the
Priory.
Cartulary No. 21.

1. Manor of Sowe ('Sawe') (Warwick).—An extent taken in 12 Henry IV. In the same hand as this is a list of the tenants of:

2. Wylnehale.-There are 1 freeholder, 13 tenants at will, and 9 cotarii. (13)

3. Pakwode (? Packwood) (Kington hundred).--There are 8 freeholders, and 36 tenants for life (some of the names being, as in almost all similar lists, repeated). (14)

4. Manor of Offchurch (hundred of Lylyngton).—An extent taken in 12 Henry IV. gives 2 freeholders, 8 tenants for life, 36 'native tenentes' (one of whom is a cleric, and two are said to be nativi of the lord), and 10 cotarii. (15)

5. Manor of Ulnton (hundred of Stonelegh).—An extent taken in 12 Henry IV. gives 2 freeholders, 8 tenants de liberâ tenurâ de novo perquisitâ citra facturam veteris extentæ ' (which was made, it appears, in 31 Edward I.), 16 native tenentes,' and 7 cotarii. (16)

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6. Manor of Franketon (hundred of Knytlowe).-An extent taken in 12 Henry IV. shows that there were 3 freeholders, 6 tenants de lib. ten. de novo perquis.' since old extent, 16 'native tenentes,' 8 cotmanni, and 4 tenants at will. (17)

7. Manor of Merston-Priors (hundred of Kyngton).-By an extent taken 12 Henry IV., there are 20 freeholders, 8 tenants at will de lib. ten. perquis.' since old extent, and 27 native tenentes; 1 tenant ad firmam,' and 2 who pay rent to the Pitanciarius. (18)

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8. Manor of Hardwick-Priors (same hundred).-An extent

of the same date gives 8 freeholders, 13 native tenentes,' and 5 cotarii.

9. Manor of Honyngton (same hundred).-An extent of the same date gives 6 freeholders, 5 tenants at will, 'per liberam firmam,' 23 native tenentes,' 'native tenentes,' 4 'native tenentes de aliâ tenurâ quæ vocatur cotemanni,' and 7 cotarii.

10. Manor of Wasperton (same hundred).-An extent of the same date gives 2 freeholders, 6 tenants for life and at will, ‘de lib. ten. perquis.' since old extent, 2 freeholders 'de Hethecot,' 16 native tenentes,' and 6 cotarii.'

NOTES.

(1) The free tenants hold from 40 acres of land to a small piece, at annual rents from 7s. to a goose worth 2d. One holds an acre of meadow, and pays one penny at Michaelmas. Two are said to pay relief and heriot. One has to perform suit of court. Two hold a cottage each, and one a mesuage with land. The nativi hold from a mesuage and 30 acres of land to one acre, at rents varying from 8s. a year to 2s. Three of them have to perform various customary works (called both 'opera' and consuetudines'), which are defined, their money-value being also given. Allowances being made for meals, the balance is stated to be sometimes against the lord, sometimes zero 'si dominus receperit opus.' The remaining four are stated to perform suit, and to pay relief and heriot. In a note, however, all the nativi are said to do so. The heriot is to be the best beast, if there be a live one; if not, the lord has no heriot, ut dicunt.' The coterelli hold from a cottage, with an acre and a half of land, to a cottage only, at rents from 4s. to 6d. a year. Fourteen perform suit, and pay relief and heriot. One pays relief only. One pays 3s. pro omnibus.' A few hold land only, without a cottage. Three are 'de feod' Episcopi,' and pay rent only. They are distinguished from the rest of their class in a note. Neither the nativi nor the coterelli can marry

their daughters without licence.

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(2) I am of opinion, from a careful examination of the handwriting of the MS., that this extent, and the following one, were taken in 12 Edward I. The virgarii hold each a virgate, at 5s. 4d. per annum, of which 4d. is paid for an acre, which is held by each in communi de Greneholte.' They are to perform certain consuetudines,' which are defined—the alternative of a payment (of three hens and a cock) being permitted for one of the services, at the pleasure of the lord. They pay one penny, called Lesselver,' to the lord, for every animal of two years old or more, at the feast of S. John Baptist. They are 'portare faldam domini ad sommonitionem servientis ter in anno,' whithersoever they are ordered. No reduction of their rent is to be allowed for these services. If, however, debent operari,' they must do whatever is ordered every other day from S. John

Baptist to the Gule of August [Aug. 1], and every day from the Gule to Michaelmas, from morning to midday; and for full work a reduction of 1s. on the rent of each will be made. The cotarii hold half a virgate each, at 2s. 4d. per annum. Two pay an additional sum of 2s. a year, to be exempted from performing works. Each pays 4d. a year for an acre, which is held by each "in Greneholte . . . in communi inter alios;' but this rent is not to be forgiven to any of them for their works. If they work, they are to do whatever is ordered during certain periods, with an allowance of 2s. off their rent for full work. An allowance of 2s. is made off the rent of the man who is chosen by the lord to be his ploughman or ad aliud officium.' For certain works, such as sheep-washing and shearing, with the other tenants ('cum aliis '), no reduction is made. The free tenants, excluding the two villani (who are not mentioned), are to perform fixed services. All the tenants, 'tam liberi quam servi,' are to attend the three 'precaria' at harvest-time, ad metendum.’ The lord can at pleasure choose the præpositus and other ministers, with two exceptions, from the custumarii. He can select them all from the virgarii, cotarii, or those who hold 'de assarto quia omnes sunt villani sui et servilis conditionis, nec possunt maritare filium vel filiam sine licentiâ domini extra libertatem, vel vendere bovem suum vel juvencum.'

(3) The free tenants may, perhaps, number only eleven. Their services are defined. They appear all to pay relief and heriot. The virgarii owe certain defined works, for which no reduction of their rent is made; the works for which abatement is allowed are quicquid eis injungitur,' for certain periods, with other works specified. The same is also the case with the other inferior tenants, except the minores cotarii,' who are allowed no reduction.

(4) Most of them perform suit of court, and pay heriot and relief.

(5) Six of the free tenants perform suit of court, and pay heriot and relief; two pay heriot and relief-two relief only. The customs and works of the nativi are definite, and the money-value is given. They are excused in two cases. Four of these tenants are said to be of Prynkehamme; the remainder belong probably to Limenesfeld, as the whole 23 are referred to as 'tam illi de Lymenesf' quam illi de Prynkehamme.'

(6) He holds four acres of land, at one shilling a year, 'pro omnibus.'

(7) The former pay heriot and relief; the latter heriot and relief 'post mortem,' and 'per alienationem' heriot, and a fine at the lord's will. Their number is approximate, the heirs' holding one tenement not being named.

(8) Three of the free tenants owe suit of court, relief and heriot, one suit only, and two do not owe heriot or relief. The tenant by enrolment owes heriot, and a fine at the lord's will.

The free tenants owe suit, heriot, and relief; the others heriot and a fine at will.

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(10) He owes suit, heriot, and relief for one holding cartam,' and for the other a service and suit; whether heriot or no is to be enquired.

(1) The virgarii perform defined services; two are said to owe heriot and suit. The dimidii virgarii render certain services. Of the holders of cotsetella, four pay heriot in money, and all but one perform services and works. The holders of cotagia, all but one, owe heriot and suit; three perform works. Of the cotarii, only one performs work. A memorandum is added: 'Et omnes custumarii qui debent sarclare bladum domini Non licebit eis maritare filium vel filiam suam vel bovem suum vel jumentum vendere extra libertatem prout patet per vetus custumale.' See note (2).

(12) The free tenants owe certain specified services. The number in the text is only approximate, the colleagues of one Chapman not being enumerated. Some of the halfyerdelinges pay heriot in money.

(13) The tenants at will owe, some of them, suit of court and heriot, others certain defined works besides. Others pay rent only. The same is true of the cotarii.

(14) The free tenants, all but one, who does only suit of court, render suit twice a year, with wardship, marriage, relief, and for heriot their best beast. The tenants for life render, most of them, suit and heriot, their rent ranging from 40s. to 6d.

(15) Of the free tenants, one pays, with rent, the price of the third part of a pair of gloves, and does an opus' worth a halfpenny, the lord having heriot, ward, and relief. The other pays rent, does works, and renders suit of court. Each holds a mesuage and half a virgate of land. The tenants for life hold, with (all but one) mesuages, from a virgate and three acres to half a virgate.

(16) The lord has from the free tenants as heriot 'unum equum, cellam, et gladium;' with ward, marriage, and relief. Both do works, and attend courts-leet. The eight tenants de lib. ten. perquis.' since old extent pay rent, and all, but one, come to the bid-day, and owe heriot. The native tenentes' pay rent, partly in condonation, during the lord's pleasure, of the works in the old extent, except one work with the custumarii at the 'metebien'' at harvest. They render suit of court and leets, and pay heriot. The cotarii render the same services.

(17) One of the free tenants has to attend the 'metebien'' with all his household, except his wife, the lord providing meals. The lord has his best beast after his death, ward, marriage, and relief of his heir. He also does suit at the Great Courts twice a year, and afforcement of court. Of the others, one renders suit and afforcement, ward, marriage, relief, and heriot; the other, suit and heriot. Of the tenants de lib. ten. perquis.,' since old extent, all, but one, render suit, a bid-day