more, teaches what is just, and to refrain from injustice. So also as regards virtues, and everything good whatsoever, to judge is expressed by to teach. But here he says that the man to judge the nations is Peter, who taught the world the faith and religion of Christ; also Paul, and the other teachers in after times."-T. vii. Expos. in Prov. c. 30, p. 247. (Ex Galland.) Migne.

"Perhaps those who sin but rarely, and small sins only, taste death, whereas, they who practice virtue do not even taste it, but always feed on the living bread; and it would follow, that Peter, against whom the gates of hell prevail not,' should not taste it."-Ib. Scholia in Luc. c. ix. p. 341.

ST. HIPPOLYTUS, G. C. 248.-"By this spirit Peter uttered that blessed declaration, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.' By that same spirit the rock of the Church was confirmed. (Luke, xxii. 32)."-In S. Theophan. n. 9, Galland. ii. 494.*

*As the following piece is doubted of, it is placed in the margin: "And the apostles, who speak of God, in establishing the truth of the advent of our Lord Jesus Christ, have each of them indicated the appearing of these abominable and ruin-working men, and have openly announced their lawless deeds. First of all, Peter, the rock of the faith, whom Christ our Lord called blessed, the teacher of the Church, the first disciple, he who has the keys of the kingdom, has instructed us to this effect: Knowing this first, that in the last days there shall come deceitful scoffers, walking after their own lusts.' (2 Peter, iii. 3)."-Ex Fabricio Opp. Hippol. T. ii. De fine mund. et de Antichr. n. 9.

As none of the ecclesiastical historians or writers on the heresies, in any way confirm, if one of them, at least, does not deny, as far as I may judge, the strange statements of the writer of the "Refutation of all Heresies," ascribed by some to St. Hippolytus, the remarks of that work on Zephyrinus and Callistus, are not noticed.

ST. CYPRIAN, L. C. 248.-"Our Lord, whose precepts and warnings we ought to observe, determining the honour of a bishop and the ordering (rationem) of His own Church, speaks in the Gospel, and says to Peter, Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build My Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give to thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatsoever thou shalt bind upon earth, it shall be bound also in heaven; and whatsoever thou shalt loose upon earth, shall be loosed also in heaven.' (Matt. xvi. 18, 19.) Thence the ordination of bishops and the ordering of the Church, runs down along the changes of times and the line of successions, so that the Church is settled upon the bishops, and every act of the Church is governed by those same prelates.”* -Ep. 33, Lapsis. p. 89.

*In an earlier Epistle, he thus quotes John, xxi. 17: "And since it is incumbent on us, who seem to be set on high, and, in place of a shepherd, to guard the flock; it will be said to us, as it was said to our predecessors also, who in such wise negligent had been placed on high, that we have not sought for that which was lost, and have not corrected the wandering. (Ezech. xxxiv. 4.)......And then also the Lord Himself, fulfilling what had been written in the law and the prophets, teaches, saying, 'I am the good Shepherd, who lay down My life for My sheep,' &c. (John, x. 11, 12). And to Simon, too, He then says thus: 'Lovest thou Me? He answered, I do love thee. He saith to him, Feed My sheep.' (John, xxi. 17.) We know that this saying arose out of the very circumstance of His withdrawal; and the rest of the disciples did in like manner."-Ep. Cler. Rom. ad Cler. Carthag. Pam. Ep. 3. The last sentence is capable of two interpretations, according as it is understood, of St. Peter's martyrdom, or of his denial.

Also, Luke, xxii. 31, 32, is quoted as follows: "And assuredly what He prayed for, He prayed for on our behalf, since He was not a sinner, but bore our sins. But He so truly prayed for us, that we read in another place, the

"They now offer peace, who themselves have not peace. They promise to bring back and recall the lapsed into the Church, who have themselves receded from the Church. God is one, and Christ one, and the Church one, and the chair one, founded by the voice of the Lord upon a rock. Another altar cannot be set up, nor a new priesthood made, besides the one altar and one priesthood. Whosoever gathereth elsewhere, scattereth. It is adulterous, it is impious, it is sacrilegious, whatsoever by human madness is instituted so as to violate a divine arrangement. Far from the contagion of such men depart, and by flight shun their words as a cancer and a pestilence, the Lord forewarning, and saying, 'They are blind, leaders of the blind. But if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the pit.' (Matt. xv. 14)."-Ep. 40, ad Plebem de quinque presbyt. p. 120, 121.

"Cornelius, moreover, was made bishop (of Rome) by the judgment of God and His Christ, by the testimony of almost all the clergy, by the suffrage of the people who were present, and by the college of ancient priests and good men; at a time when no one had been made before him, when the place of Fabian, that is, when the place of Peter, and the

Lord said to Peter, Behold, Satan has desired that he might sift you as wheat; but I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not.'"-Ep. ad Cler, et Pleb. de Deprec. Pamel. viii.

So again, "But the Lord prayed and besought not for Himself for what should He, the Innocent, ask for Himself -but for our sins, as Himself declares, when He says to Peter, Behold, Satan has desired that he might sift you as wheat; but I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not.' And afterwards He beseeches the Father for all, saying, 'Not for these only do I pray, but for them also who through their word shall believe in Me; that they all may be one, as Thou, Father, in Me, and I in Thee, that they also may be one in us.'"-De Orat. Dom. Pamel. p. 160.

rank of the sacerdotal chair, was vacant; which, having been filled by the will of God, and ratified by the consent of all of us, whosoever after that would be made Bishop, he must needs be made without; nor can he have the ordination of the Church, who holds not the unity of the Church. Whosoever he be, although greatly boasting of himself, and claiming very much for himself, he is profane, he is an alien, he is without. And, as after the first there cannot be a second, whosoever is made after one, who ought to be alone, is no longer second, but none at all."-Ep. 52, ad Antonian. p. 150-1.

"Yet He did not chide them when they withdrew, nor severely threaten them, but rather, turning to His own apostles, He said, 'Will you also go away ?' (John, vi. 67); observing to wit the law, by which a man left to his own liberty, and placed to act by his own free choice, himself for himself chooses either death or salvation. Peter, however, on whom the Church had been built by the same Lord, one speaking for all, and answering with (or, in) the voice of the Church, says, 'Lord, to whom shall we go ? Thou hast the words of eternal life; and we believe and have known that Thou art the Son of the living God.' (John, vi. 69, 70.) Signifying thereby, and showing, that they who have departed from the Church perish by their own fault; but that the Church which believes in Christ, and which once holds what it has known, never departs from Him at all; and that they are the Church who persevere in the house of God, but that they are not the plant planted by God the Father,' who, we see, are not rooted with the firmness of wheat, but are blown about like chaff by the breath of the enemy scattering them; of whom also John, in his Epistle, says, "They went out from us, but they were not of us. For if they had been of us, they would no doubt

have remained with us.' (1 John, ii. 19)."—Ep. 55, ad Cornelium, n. 8.

"Moreover, after all this, a pseudo-bishop having been set up for themselves by heretics, they dare to sail and to carry letters from schismatics and profane persons to the chair of Peter, and the principal Church, whence the unity of the priesthood took its rise; nor do they consider that they are the same Romans, whose faith was praised in the preaching of the apostle, to whom faithlessness cannot have access."-Ib. n. 18, p. 182-3.

"And Peter answered Him, Lord, to whom shall we go? Thou hast the words of eternal life,' &c. (John, vi. 68-70.) There speaks Peter, upon whom the Church had to be built; teaching and showing, in the name of the Church, that though a contumacious and proud multitude who will not obey, may depart, the Church departs not from Christ; and they are the Church, the people united to the priest, and the flock adhering to its own shepherd. Whence you ought to know that the Bishop is in the Church, and the Church in the Bishops; and if any one be not with the Bishop, that he is not in the Church; and that they in vain flatter themselves, who, not having peace with the priests of God, creep in, and believe that they secretly hold communion with certain persons; whereas the Church, which is Catholic and one, is not rent nor divided, but is indeed connected together, and knit by the cement of priests mutually cleaving to each other. Wherefore, brother, if you will consider the majesty of God, who ordains priests, if you will at length have respect to Christ, who, by His will, and fiat, and His own presence, governs both the prelates themselves, and the Church with the prelates......if you will most fully make satisfaction to God and His Christ, whom I serve, and to whom, with pure and unstained mouth, I unceasingly, as well in persecution as in peace,