Extent and nature of those appeals, and of the power of
the Pontiff; it being best and most congruous, that the
priests of the Lord, from each of the several provinces, refer
to the head, that is, to the See of the Apostle Peter, (p.
240-6.)

S. HILARY of Poitiers.-To condemn the decisions of the
bishops, their predecessors, is to renounce their own epis-
copate. S. Hilary's asserted anathemas against Liberius
considered; as also the Sirmian formularies, (p. 246-250.)
S. ATHANASIUS.-See Pope Julius, index, Part ii. p. 376-7.
S. OPTATUS of Milevis.-The chair is the first of the marks of
the Church, where, unless a bishop sit, the second, which is
the Angelus, another mark of the Church, cannot be added.
Thou canst not deny that, in the city of Rome, on Peter
first was an episcopal chair conferred, in which sat the head
of all the apostles, Peter, thence called Cephas; in which
one chair unity might be preserved by all; nor the other
apostles assert, each for himself, his individual chair; that
he might at once be a schismatic, who against that one
chair should place another. Therefore, in that one chair,
the first of the prerogatives, Peter sat first, to whom suc-
ceeded Linus. The succession given from Peter to Siricius,
who is at this day associated with us in the one bond of
communion. Do you wish to claim for yourselves the holy
Church, produce the origin of your chair. They sacrile-
giously fight against the chair of Peter; and this chair, the
first of the prerogatives, is ours through Peter; and this
carries with it the Angelus; and through the chair of Peter,
which is ours, the other marks also are with us. In the
person of Peter is the model, both of creating and retain-
ing unity. Christ preferred this unity to His vengeance,
and wished all His disciples to be in one; hence, after
Peter's denial, he not only is pardoned, but preferred
before all the apostles; received of the kingdom of heaven
"the keys" to be communicated to others, (p. 251-5.) See
index Part i. p. 353.

LUCIFER of Cagliari.-We are, by succession from the apos-
tles, bishops, (p. 255.)

S. DAMASUS, POPE.-The decrees of the Council of Rimini,
however numerous the bishops assembled there, constitute
no prejudice against the truth, amongst other reasons,

because the sentence of the Bishop of Rome, which ought
to have been sought for before all others, had not been
given in favour of them. Those of the East his children;
his the apostolic chair; and to show reverence to it
redounds to the honour and advantage of those who bestow
it. Peter's example teaches him how to steer the helm
put into his hands, to the honour of which he confesses
himself unequal. Timotheus, the disciple of Apollinaris,
deposed by him; and this, probably, at the request of
Basil, and other Eastern bishops; he complains that the
deposition of Timotheus is again required of him, though
he, as well as his master, Apollinaris, had been already
deposed by him; whose supporters will perish if they
resist the canon of the Church. Damasus and Peter,
Bishop of Alexandria. Peter, having been appointed the
successor of Athanasius, the imperial and Arian party in-
stalled Lucius in his stead; on which Peter fled to Rome;
and having remained there about five years, he returned to
Alexandria, with a letter from Damasus; upon which his
see and churches were restored to him. Damasas, though
equal in office, excels bishops by the prerogative of the
Apostolic See, (p. 255-7.)

S. EPHREM. The successors of the apostles constituted by
divine appointment to govern the Church. The sects to be
required to prove the date of their existence; and then
from whom they received ordination; and if from us they
received ordination, and afterwards repudiated it, this is
proof sufficient against them; if from themselves, this
their reproof and shame; the Lord gave the succession to
the apostles, and in our Church it is continued, (p. 257-8.)
S. GREGORY NYSSEN.-See Part i. index p. 354.

S, GREGORY of Nazianzum.-Athanasius is elevated to the
throne of Mark; the successor of his piety, and of the
government of his see; one of his many successors; a true
successor as of the same faith; not as some, who succeed,
as darkness succeeds to light. The faith of Rome was of
old, and still is now right, binding the whole West by the
saving word, as is just in her who presides over all, (p.
259-260.)

S. BASIL.-The Arian heresy spreading again in the East,
and bishops driven from the dioceses, we look to your

supervision (Pope Damasus) as the only remedy for these
evils. That supervision rumoured, but the hope disap-
pointed, and therefore this appeal to you by letter to help
us, and to send those hither who may restore peace to the
Churches. This nothing new nor unprecedented, but
customary, as tradition and historical evidence prove; as
the instance of Pope Dionysius shows, who sent letters of
visitation to our Church of Cæsarea. But unless you be
moved to aid us at once, you will not find in a short time
any one to stretch out your hand to. This appeal was
sanctioned by Athanasius; and as, to send legates with a
decree involved difficulty, Basil is of opinion that the Pope
should use his own authority in the matter. Eustathius of
Sebaste; after having been deposed for Arianism, he
devised a journey to Rome, and was restored to his see by
the most blessed Bishop Liberius, on his showing a letter
from that Pontiff restoring him; but, as that bishop had
abused the power and confidence given him by Liberius,
and relapsed, Basil calls on Damasus to repair the evil
done, by withdrawing the favour granted him as thence
had arisen his power to injure the Churches. The party
of Paulinus, going about showing a letter from the West,
from Pope Damasus, assigning to them the episcopacy of the
Church of Antioch; he desires the Pope to write to all the
Bishops of the East condemning that party, as leaning to
the doctrines of Marcellus. The Pope, the Coryphæus of
the West, (p. 260-3.)

S. PACIAN. To the Novatians, denying a power in the Church
to forgive sin, he answers, that, as the apostles possessed
that power, it must have been derived to us, or that the
denial of this involved the denial also of the power of bap-
tizing, and of the chrism (ordination), gifts far greater;
which though, on account of our sins, it is presumptuous
in us to claim, yet God, who has granted unto bishops the
name even of His only beloved, will not deny to them, as
His holy ones, and having the chair of the apostles, (p.
263-4.)

COUNCIL OF ROME.-Let not Damasus be made inferior to
these, to whom though equal in office, yet does he excel
them by the prerogatives of the Apostolic See, (p. 257.)
COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE.-The Bishop of Constantinople
to have the prerogative of honour, after the Bishop of

Rome. On the reception met with by this canon (note to
(p. 264-5.) The Pope summons the Bishops of that
Council to a Synod at Rome, as his own members, that he
may not reign alone, but they reign with him. They
wished to comply, and so gratify desire, or necessity, (p.
264-5.)

FAUSTINUS.-The See of Damasus, the See of Peter, (p.
265-6.)

S. EPIPHANIUS.-Why Clement did not at once succeed
Peter. The succession of the Bishops in Rome: let no
one wonder that we have accurately gone through this, for
by means of this the manifest truth is for ever pointed out,
(p. 266-7.) See also in Part i. p. 67-8. Ancor.

S. AMBROSE.-Where Peter is, there is the Church; where
the Church is, there death is not, but life eternal. (See,
in Part i. p. 68, in Ps. 38.) They have not Peter's in-
heritance, who have not Peter's chair. The Roman Church
the head of the whole Roman world; thence flow unto all
the rights of venerable communion. We have recognized
in the letter of your Holiness (Pope Siricius), the watch-
fulness of the Good Shepherd, who dost faithfully keep the
gate intrusted to thee, and guardest the fold of Christ,
worthy that the Lord's sheep should hear and follow thee.
Why add more to the Master and the Teacher? Those
whom your Holiness has condemned, have been by us also
condemned, according to your judgment. This, in answer
to the Pope's decision, that Jovinian ought to be put out
of the pale of the Church, both by the divine sentence, and
our judgment, not doubting that Ambrose will observe
this, (note to p. 268.) Ambrose advises Theophilus of
Alexandria, to refer the opposing claims of Meletius and
Paulinus to the Bishop of Rome, taking for granted that
the decision of Theophilus cannot but be such as would
not displease the Pope, or such as he would not approve
of; as in this way only could a useful judgment be come
to, one promoting peace and union, or one that Ambrose
can concur in. Satyrus, Ambrose's brother, not account-
ing any grace true which is not of the true faith, asked the
Bishop of the place, whether he agreed with the Catholic
Bishops, that is, with the Roman Church, (p. 267-270.)

S. SIRICIUS, POPE.-He may not remain silent, as on him it

is incumbent that there be zeal greater than that of all
other persons for he bears the burthens of all; or rather
Peter bears them in him; Peter who in all things protects
and defends (or, has regard to) him, as the heir of his
administration. The rebaptization of heretics forbidden
by his predecessor Liberius of venerable memory; this not
to be deviated from by any, who would not be separated
from his fellowship. As to the times of solemn Baptism,
let all abide by the rule given, who would not be rent from
the solidity of the Apostolic rock, upon which Christ con-
structed the universal Church. The priests who have
erred as regards celibacy, if they defend their error, let
them know that they are deposed by the authority of the
Apostolic See from every ecclesiastical honour. Let the
highest Prelates of all the Provinces know, that if they
think that any such may be assumed to sacred orders,
(after this condemnation), a suitable sentence will be pro-
nounced, both against them, and those so promoted, by
the Apostolic See, affecting the status of both. These
answers have been given to the cases referred by them to
the Roman Church, as the head of their body; hold by
them, and make them known to other Bishops. It is not
lawful for any of the Lord's priests to be ignorant of the
statutes of the Apostolic See. His the care of all the
Churches. What ordered by our forefathers not to be
violated. Introducers of novelties, the foundation neg-
lected, build upon sand. None to be ordained bishops in
Illyricum, without his Legate's consent, (p. 270-3.)

S. ASTERIUS of Amusea.-Through Peter the Churches*
incapable of fall and unswerving; and this in spite of the
efforts of the devil, and of persecuting tyrants; nothing
more powerful than the bulwark set up by God, because
the edifice of the faith had been built by the first of the
apostles, (p. 274.)

S. CHRYSOSTOM.-John xxi. 17 implies presidency over His
flock, which He intrusted to Peter, and those after him;
to be appointed over His household, and placed over His
goods. Peter declared to have power and to go beyond
the rest of the apostles. When attempted to be deposed
by Theophilus, and the Synod of the oak, he appeals to

*In Part i. p. 77, Church, erratum for Churches.