APPX. perhaps, or myself, upon more mature reflections, may discover some hypothesis, that will reconcile those contradictions.
I shall also take this opportunity of confessing two other errors of less importance, which more mature reflection has discover'd to me in my reasoning. The first may be found in Vol. I. page 362, where I say, that the distance betwixt two bodies is known, among other things, by the angles, which the rays of light flowing from the bodies make with each other. 'Tis certain, that these angles are not known to the mind, and consequently can never discover the distance. The second error may be found in Vol. I. page 396, where I say, that two ideas of the same object can only be different by their different degrees of force and vivacity. I believe there are other differences among ideas, which cannot properly be comprehended under these terms. Had I said, that two ideas of the same object can only be different by their different feeling, I shou'd have been nearer the truth.2
[In the original edition certain passages were here added, which will be found incorporated in the text at pages 328, 352, 357, and 368.-Ed.]
s. refers to the Sections of the Introduction; p. to the Pages of Hume's text. f. means and following sections' or 'pages.'
Abstract idea of substance in Locke, s. 35; at once precedes and follows the com- plex, s. 36; his account of abstract general ideas, s. 42, 80; rejected by Berkeley, s. 175, 182; and by Hume, s. 217, f.; p. 325, f.
Adequate and inadequate ideas in Locke, s. 23, 89
Analysis and synthesis, s. 221 Analytical judgment; is it the only function of thought? s. 118, f. Animal spirits, p. 364
Antient philosophy, p. 505, f. Apparent and real in Locke, s. 22, f.; in Hume, s. 203
Archetype and ectype in Locke, s. 23, 116; p. 512, f.
Association of ideas in Hume, s. 196; p. 319, f.
Bacon and Locke, s. 79, 123.
Belief as to matters of fact, s. 291, f. 326; p. 394, f. 555; what produces belief, p. 399, f.; why belief arises from causation only, p. 407, f.; influence of belief on the will, p. 417; on the passions, p. 418; on the imagination, p. 419
Berkeley's criticism of Locke, s. 100, 126, 154, f.; his idealism, s. 158, f.; his fundamental error, s. 173; his doctrine of God and the soul, s. 189, f.; fatal to VOL. I.
a true spiritualism, s. 192; and a true theism, s. 193; the turn it ought to have taken, s. 194
Body, equivocations in Locke's theory of,
s. 92, f.; exposed by Hume, s. 228, f.; p. 512, f.; body and space vanish on Berkeley's reduction of idea to feel- ing, s. 174; this accepted by Hume, 8. 197, 229; p. 478, f. 512, f.
Cause involved in Locke's simple idea, s. 20; correlative to substance, s. 53; sensation gives no knowledge, except as referred to cause, s. 62, Locke's theory of cause, s. 68, f.; his inference to an eternal cause, s. 147, f.; mean- ing of cause, s. 149; Hume's theory of cause, s. 210, 281, f., p. 375, f.; knowledge of cause excluded by Locke's definition of knowledge, s. 283; how Hume reduces causation to an impres- sion of reflection, s. 285, f.; p. 379, f.; why a cause is always necessary, p. 380, f.; the component parts of our reasonings concerning cause, s. 287, p. 384; the original impression, s. 290, p. 385; the inference to the idea, s. 290, p. 388; the nature of the idea or belief, s. 291, p. 394; how the be- lief is produced, s. 292, p. 399; pro- bability of causes, s. 335, p. 428; necessary connexion of cause and
effect, s. 292, p. 450; efficacy of causes, p. 451; two definitions of cause, p. 463; examination of these, s. 296, f., 317, f.; cause and identity, each as- sumed by Hume to explain the other, s. 311, f.; their true correlativity, s. 313; rules for judging of causes and effects, p. 466; the cause of our perceptions, p. 529
Certainty and probability in Locke and Hume, s. 226, p. 372, f.; certainty of mathematics, s. 273, p. 373 Coexistence, s. 116, 258, p. 338 Common sense and Locke, s. 98 Comparison and relation, s. 297, f.; p. 322, 375
Conception the only act of the under- standing, p. 396, note; conception and notion, s. 183, note
Consciousness and the self, s. 127, f., 144, f., 192, 200, 212, 240, 339; p. 516, f., 533, f.
Custom and belief, p. 403, 414, 444
Distance and space, s. 110, 159, 244, 279; p. 340, 360
Distinction of reason, s. 218; p. 332, 349, 370
Divisibility of space and time, s. 264, f.; p. 334, f.
Empirical psychology, s. 7, 10, 16, 196,
'Esse'='percipi,' s. 160, 183, 187, 195, 235, f.; p. 311, f. 370, 479, f. 523 Essence, Locke's doctrine of, s. 77, f. Evidence of history, p. 384, 441 Existence, Locke's theory of, s. 28, f. 50, f.; Hume's, s. 302, f.; p. 369, 478, f.; existence of self, s. 143, f. 339, p. 533 Experience and popular logic, s. 119; f. 320; Hume's account of, s. 312, f., p. 388
Extension, s. 110, 159, 233, f., p. 336 f., 513, f.
Fact: matters of fact and relations of ideas, s. 83, 104, 119, f. 153, 225 f., 281 f., 291 f.; p. 372, 375, 394, 475, 518, 529, 540, 555
Fantastic and real ideas, s. 23, 203 Feeling and thought, s. 22, 100, 158, 173,
221, 228 f., 211, 253, 267, 304, 312, 320, 329, 342, &c.; Hume's text passim
Finite and infinite, s. 138, f. Fiction of identity, s. 210, 281, 301, f., 342, f., p. 480, f. 506, f. 518, 533, f.
History, evidence of, p. 384, 441; history
of philosophy, how to be studied, s. 1; distinguished from literary his- tory, s. 4
Hume, the last English philosopher, s. 2; Kant his true successor, s. 3; his filia- tion to Locke, s. 3, 153, 281. &c.; value of his system, s. 5; transition to Hume from Locke through Berkeley, s. 153, f. 194; how to be treated, s. 154; his plausibility due to his assuming the 'fiction' which he after- wards destroys, s. 154, 201, 210, 231, 237, 259, 287, 303, 305, 317, 343, 345; modern adaptations of him, s. 239, 334; modern science and his doctrine of cause, s. 324; refutes himself, s. 345 Hypothetical nature of mathematics: dis- tinction between this doctrine and Hume's, s. 275
Ideas, Locke's account of their origin, &c., s. 11, f.; his confusion of ideas in us and qualities in things, s. 18, 21, 89; idea and reality in Locke, s. 54, f. 100; in Berkeley, s. 170, f.; Hume's account of the origin of ideas, s. 195, f., p. 311; of their composition, con- nexion, abstraction, &c., p. 312, f. Ideal and real, s. 188
Identity, Locke's theory of, s. 71, f. 98,
134; Hume's, s. 210, 281, 301, f., 342, f.; p. 376, 480, f., 489, 506, f., 518, 533, f., 558 Imagination and memory, s. 195, 325, 332; p. 317, 386, 545 Immaterialityof the soul, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Spinoza, s. 340; p. 516, f. Import of propositions, s. 224 Impression and idea, s. 61, 195, 201, 244; p. 311, f., 327, 375, 396, and passim ; impressions of sensation and reflexion, p. 316; of the senses and memory, s. 327; p. 385, 407 Individual, as determined by relations, substituted by Locke for the mere particular, s. 47, f.; by Hume, s. 221, 304; p. 491, 493, &c.
Inductive logic and Locke, s. 83, 123, and Hume, s. 320, 333, 336, 338 Inner and outer sense, s. 129, f. Interrogation of nature, s. 203, 323
Judgment and custom, p. 443, f.; rules
for judgment, p. 445, 446
Kant and Hume, s. 3, 315; and Locke, s. 117, 118 Knowledge, Locke's definition of, s. 25; the very rudiments of knowledge in- volve the workmanship of the mind,' s. 56, 66; knowledge of reality, s. 59, f.; reality and certainty of knowledge, s. 116; knowledge of self and God, s. 143, f.; Berkeley's theory of know- ledge, s. 181, f.; Hume's limitation of knowledge, s. 223, 225, f., 263, 293, 335; p. 372, f., 380, 388, 403, 423, 436, 450, 461, 475, 545
Language, what it implies, s. 213 Law of causation and Hume, s. 336 Leibnitz and Hume, s. 2
Literary history distinguished from history of philosophy, s. 4 Lively ideas real to Locke, s. 56, 188; to Hume lively idea impression simply, s. 195; p. 311, 327, &c.; to Berkeley lively and coherent ideas are real, s. 189; to Hume the fiction of reality arises not from the liveliness but the constancy, p. 484, 485 Locke, Hume's filiation to him, s. 3, 153, 281; his problem and method, s. 6, f.; his theory of the origin of ideas, s. 11, f.; his theory of knowledge, s. 25, f.; of essence, s. 77, f.; of self and God, s. 126, f.; his merit, s. 130, 155; his fundamental error, s. 16, 135; Locke and Kant, s. 116, 118; and Scholasticism, s. 118; and popular logic, s. 119, f.; and natural science, s. 121; Berkeley's criticism of him, s. 154. f.; Hume's criticism of his doctrine of abstract ideas, p. 325; of ideality of mathematics, p. 348; of cause, p. 382; of reality of lively ideas, p. 484; of identity, p. 489; of primary qualities, p. 511; of self, p. 533
Man, science of, the foundation of all sciences, p. 306, f.; rests on experi- ence, p. 308
Materialism of Locke, its confusions, s. 156, f.; Berkeley's method of attack on it and the true method, s. 158, 192
Materialists and theologians, p. 523 Mathematics and Locke, s. 112, 116, f.; and Berkeley, s. 181, f.; and Hume, s. 226, f., 263, f., 273; p. 338, 348, 350, 356, 373; the stumbling-block of popular logic, s. 117, f. Matter and thought, s. 132, 152; p. 529 Memory and imagination, s. 195, 324, f., 332; p. 317, 386, 545
Metaphor of impression, s. 14, 100, 103 Metaphysics and physiology, s. 198, 199; and psychology, s. 200
Mind, Locke's notion of, s. 7, f.; Hume's, s. 346; p. 534, 541; mind not a sub- stance, s. 129, 133
Minimum visibile, s. 264; p. 335 Miracles, Hume's argument against, s. 324, note
Names, meaning of, s. 80, 182, f. 213, f.; p. 328, f.
Natural and philosophical relations, s. 206, 225, note; p. 322, 372, 463 Necessary connexion, s. 285, f. 292; p. 379, f. 388, f. 450, f. 460, f. 529, 546, 559 Nominalism and Locke, s. 118; and Hume, s. 217
Notion and conception, s. 183, note Number, Hume's account of, s. 256, f. 277; p. 337, 373
Object and perception, s. 302, f. ; p. 478, f. 491, 525. Observation of the individual mind, s. 8, f.; and experiment, s. 81, f. Order in time and intellectual order, s. 149, 189, 203, 278, 321 Outer sense, s. 98, 103
Pantheism and Theism, s. 151 Particular and universal, s. 42, f. 95, f. 182, 216; p. 325, f. Perception, Locke's account of, s. 12; Hume's, s. 195; p. 311, f.; cause of our perceptions, p. 529; perception and reasoning, s. 283, f.; p. 376 Personal identity, s. 134, 342; p. 533, 558
Philosophy has a history, s. 2; the an- tient, p. 505; the modern, p. 510 Physics and mathematics, s. 225, f.
Physiology and Hume, s. 198, f. Popular logic and Locke, s. 119, f.; and Hume, s. 202, 320.
Positivist, how he juggles with 'pheno- mena,' s. 202; how he differs from Hume, s. 203
Predication, Hume's theory of, s. 217, f. Primary qualities in Locke, s. 19, 77, 97, f.; in Berkeley, s. 159, f. ; in Hume, s. 228, f.; p. 511 Probability and certainty, s. 226, 335; p. 372, 375, 472; probability of chances, p. 423; of causes, p. 428; unphilosophical probability, p. 439 Propensity to feign, s. 196, 203, 231, 292, 305
Propositions, import of, s. 224, f.
Psychology, s. 7, 10, 135, 142, 152, 200
Qualities as coexistent, and succession of feelings, s. 238, f.; p. 511, f. 523. Quantity as such ignored by Hume, 8. 255; how he seems to save the sciences of quantity, s. 263; p. 334, 336, f. 340, f. 372
Real and apparent in Locke, s. 22, f.; in Hume, s. 203; in Hume and in- ductive logic, s. 320; summary of Locke's difficulties as to the real, s. 113; to Locke lively ideas are real, 8. 56, 118; to Berkeley lively and co- herent ideas, s. 189; to Hume every perception is real, p. 480; but we ascribe a fictitious reality' to those that are constant and coherent, p. 484, 485; the real can't be separated from fictions of thought, s. 91, 329, 345, 346, and passim.
Reason of animals and of man, p. 469 Reasoning and perception, s. 283, f. 314; p. 376, 396, note; reasoning from past to future, p. 388, 435; from analogy, p. 439 Recognition, s. 312
Reflexion in Locke, s. 13, 127; in Berke-
ley, s. 170; in Hume, s. 197; p. 317 Relations in Locke, s. 33, f.; in Berke- ley, s. 176, f. 183; in Hume, s. 206, f. 225, f. 276; natural and philoso- phical relations, s 296, f. 317, f.; p. 322, f. 372, 463
Resemblance, s. 211, f. 303; p. 319, 364, 407, f.
Scepticism with regard to reason, p. 472; to the senses, p. 478; remedy for scepticism, p. 505, 544
Scholasticism and Locke, s. 118 Science, how possible to Locke, s. 82, f.; to Berkeley, s. 186; to Hume, s. 223, f. 263, 294, 319. f. 324; science of man, the basis of all sciences, p. 306; rests on experience, p. 308. Self, Locke's doctrine of, s. 126, f.; Berkeley's, s. 189, f.; Hume's, s. 339, f.; p. 517, f. 533, f. 558 Sensation and reflexion, s. 11, f.; s. 195, f.; p. 317
Sensational theory, its assumptions, s. 22; its contradictions, s. 45, 85, &c. Sight and touch, s. 159, 177, 233 Solidity and body, s. 101, 228, f.; p. 513 Soul, see self; immateriality of the soul, s. 340; p. 516, f.
Space, Locke's account of, s. 110; Berke- ley's, s. 174, f.; Hume's, s. 233, f. 252, f.; p. 334, f.; infinite divisibility of space, how got rid of by Hume, s. 264; p. 336, f.; true way of dealing with it, s. 271; no idea of empty space, s. 179, 278; p. 358; summary of contradictions in Hume's account of space, s. 254
Spinoza and the theologians, s. 340; p. 524
Spirit, not a substance but the source of substance, s. 192 Substance, Locke's account of, s. 33, f. 50, 116. Hume's, s. 208, 214; p. 324, 505; thinking substance, s. 191, 339; p. 516
Synthesis and analysis, s. 221; synthesis of successive feelings, s. 309 System of senses and memory and system of judgment, s. 324, f. 327; p. 408; this amounts to an abandon- ment of Hume's fundamental prin- ciple, s. 328; true unity of the two systems, s. 330
Tabula rasa, can it know itself? s. 9; what is it? s. 14, 15
Tangible and visible extension, s. 159, 177, 233; p. 345, 358
Theism and Pantheism, s. 151, 193. Theology of Berkeley, s. 193; theolo- gians and Spinoza, p. 524 Thought, can it originate? 8. 43, 62, 118, f.; thought and things, s. 133; thought and sense, s. 173, 281 Time, Hume's account of, s. 251, 259, f.; p. 338, 342, 343, 346; no idea of empty time, p. 358; time and num- ber, s. 256; p. 489; events in time and self, s. 142; and eternal cause, s. 148, f.
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