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angered as he admits, though protesting, "My soul, we love but while we may; and therefore is my love so large for thee, seeing it is not bounded save by love." Later over their meat and wine they mock "at the much ungainliness, and craven shifts, and long crane legs of Mark," who finally strikes like a snake from the darkness.

Behind him rose a shadow and a shriek

"Mark's way," said Mark, and clove him thro' the brain.

So Tennyson. How does Robinson interpret these three. In the first place Tennyson gives them, on the whole, but scant attention. In the second place, he seems to me to render them cheap, all three. He makes no attempt (it was not part of his scheme) to treat them, as Mark Van Doren in his sketch of Robinson's "Tristram" refers to the French poets having formerly treated the Tristram story, "with fullness and beauty." But though, as always with Tennyson (in the teeth of some modern half-baked appraisal) there is often the memorable line, even in his brief way with Tris

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Tennyson only a tithe of the understanding of true love and passion that Robinson shows so lavishly. For Robinson is subtle with it and sophisticated in the greatest sense, and his amazing understanding of women as well as of men (of which we have had no inconsiderable evidence before this) makes of this old and essentially simple and fervidly romantic legend a study of fateful love as penetrating, we are like to think, as any study of it will ever be. Tennyson's idylls were always tapestry, though often most glorious tapestry and often rippled and shaken by the wind of strong emotion. Robinson's tale is full of intricate ironies, yet lucid as daylight and actual as to-day. The colloquy between Isolt of Brittany and Gawaine, for an instance, is so wittily deft above its poignance as to make the self-conscious wit of an Erskine's "Galahad" seem labored. In the illusion of reality created by his narrative Robinson the poet has given most novelists cards and spades, and whipped them at their own. game; in that and in a management of intricacies of thought and emotion that only a great intelligence could have perceived and successfully untangled, in a story the main outlines of which were

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As Mr. Mark Van Doren has said, "The connection of Mr. Robinson's new hero with Camelot is not so close that we are reminded of those abstract ideas which informed the 'Merlin' and the

'Lancelot.' The connection is there, and

it is interesting; but the time is an earlier one and the air for the most part is freer and clearer." That is true, but the reader will find an analysis of love in connection with fatality intricately comprehensive, with remarks by the way, whether on Mr. Robinson's own lips or upon the lips of his characters (which resolves itself into the same thing) going as profoundly to the root of the matter as any remarks that have been made in poetry or in prose, we might add-for a number of lustra.

That is the essence of the "Tristram," that will be its abiding power, I venture to prophesy, for generations of readers. Take the modern ladies of Mr. Robinson's "The Clinging Vine" or "London Bridge," they are intensely real, but no more real because they are of our century and period than the two Isolts of this poem, than Queen Morgan even. And the differentiation of characters in this poem is most accomplished, as the style is accomplished, a manner which has the chief characteristic that makes a "style," that it is in its entirety indubitably the manner of one single writer and of no other under heaven.

But I have wandered from a difference I meant to point out. I have quoted Tennyson's characterizing of Mark. Robinson gives us a very man instead of this stage villain. It is not that Isolt does not hate him, "so candid and exact is her abhorrence." It is not that Tristram does not hate him, or that Mark is not "a nature not so base as it was common, and not so cruel as it was ruinous to itself and all who thwarted it," but in those very qualifications is an indication of how reasonably the poet deals with this character. How fair a "break" he gives him in the conclusion of the poem must be left for the reader to discover. Suffice it to say that it convinces. The conclusion is greatly moving, the conclusion for Mark, the conclusion for Isolt of Brittany. The lovers have meanwhile found their peace.

Though "Tristram" is a long poem, a long poem is short compared with the average novel. One of the chief advantages poetry has over prose is pregnant condensation. "Tristram" admirably illustrates this advantage. It fully justifies blank verse again as a narrative medium, if, indeed, it needed justification. It makes even skillful prose seem unwieldy. Here is the whole story with far-reaching implications. We might almost say, though that is the highest praise possible, that now and here this particular story is told once for all.

John G. Neihardt's "Collected Poems"

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gathers together a body of work of indubitable power and significance. There are first the lyrics, then the earlier poetic dramas, and, for the last half of the book, and a bit more, the epics of the West that are a rare achievement in themselves. There are some beautiful movements, there is some fine phrasing in the shorter work, but it is with Mr. Neihardt as a narrative poet of our early West that I am chiefly concerned. Here he has made an epic cycle wholly his own and has progressed from strength to strength. He has delved and studied for his material. He has gone to sources and been all over the terrain. His purpose has been, in his own words, "to preserve the great race-mood of courage that was developed west of the Missouri River in the 19th century." He has talked to still-living participants in those early struggles. All this ground-work would be of no importance if he had not managed to create from his material living and breathing stories. "The Song of Hugh Glass" appeared ten years before "The Song of the Indian Wars," "The Song of Three Friends" four years after "The Song of Hugh Glass." All three long poems are written in couplets. The last crowns his work. All the poems have the power of movement, the vividness of epithet, the dramatic vigor, the range of vision that one would desire; they are a contribution to history as well as to poetry. I have not space enough to attempt a detailed analysis, but his epic cycle gives Neihardt a distinguished place among our few narrative poets. He has steadily and quietly perfected his technique. Considerable flaws and embarrassments are evident in his earlier lyrical work; they are not present when he has a tale to tell. His progress from the subjective to the objective has shown where his greatest power lies and he has genuinely achieved it in the latter category.

With the other books before me I must be brief. "The Radiant Tree" is an anthology compiled by Marguerite Wilkinson out of a burning religious faith. Her introduction is full of zeal, her choices often original and unusually fine, witness "The New Ghost" by Fredegond Shove and the two stirring selections from John Hall Wheelock. There are many familiar poems both old and new. The spirit of the whole book is that of the Christian Cross turned into a resurrection tree.

Glenn Ward Dresbach has written several books of poems full of the colors of the West and of sensitiveness to the spells of desert and mesa. His new volume "Cliff Dwellings" has much occasional beauty and shows a true ear for

cadence. There is originality in these visions and a notably observant eye has caught significant moments of the country it has long scrutinized. Thomas Hornsby Ferril was the "Nation's" prize poet this year. He is another Westerner. Nearer to prose at times than Mr. Dresbach, he often exceeds him in striking conceptions. "The Empire Sofa," for instance, and "The Hands of Joseph Smith," are cases in point. He has much original charm.

Wind River, Sweetwater, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Powder, Green,

Where are the men who wandered

away,

And never again were seen?
Where are their rifles, knives, and

traps?

Last night they sat around the fire,
The air was sweet with evergreen,
The air was wild with brier.

We have considerable hopes for Mr. Ferril.

Amelia Josephine Burr is a lyrist of some years standing and a magazine poet of the better order. Her poetry is simple and direct and often sentimental. Occasionally it is of steelier fibre than this. J. H. Wallis is a new poet (to those who do not know his earlier somewhat eccentric "Testament of William Windune," which will repay discovery). In "Laughter of Omnipotence" he displays lyrical simplicity and direct statement rythmically forceful. His philosophical ideas are of considerable interest. The reality of the poem "Dying," the scope of "The Cycle" are impressive. James Daly, an even newer poet, has distinction, great sensitivity to the brightness and music of words. He can be cryptic, but his poetry has both artistry and ardor.

Of the other volumes published by Mr. Vinal and of the new numbers in the contemporary poets of Dorrance, I can only say that much verse competent in technique in varying degrees and of no great importance is displayed. Mr. Vinal has all his volumes attractively bound and printed. A lyric or sonnet here and there gleams with transient originality. To more than that I cannot commit myself. The posthumous poems of Edgar Saltus seem to me interesting only because of his name. The posthumous poems of the Reverend Merle St. Croix Wright reflect the fine and stalwart spirit of the man and his love for poetry. His was a generous and rich personality. The poems selected as a memorial to our late President Woodrow Wilson are laudable in intention and include several contributions having more than the merit of occasional verse.

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BUD

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An electric cable, a steam-engine, a banjo, or a mess-room toast offer occasion for song; and lo! they are converted by the alchemy of the imagination until they become a type and an illumination of the red-blooded life of mankind. The ability to achieve this is a crowning characteristic and merit of Rudyard Kipling's work.

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Fiction

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The

IN SUCH A NIGHT. By Babette Deutsch. John Day Company, New York. $2. Any form is permitted a novelist in these days. He can fill a large canvas with the sprawling liberality of Sinclair Lewis, or limit his scene, his characters, and his action with Aristotleian rigidity, after the occasional fashion of Virginia Woolf. "In Such a Night," which tells the events of an evening house-warming, is a new and successful example of the latter method. It is a method fraught with danger of monotony or unrelieved intensity, pitfalls which Miss Deutsch avoids easily, partly by shifting her view-point frequently, partly by creating an atmosphere of somewhat dreadful suspense through the introduction of a situation probably as embarrassing as any hostess was ever called upon to meet. Another notable feat of accomplishment is a chapter which goes completely James Joyce for several pages and still remains intelligible. Here is a novel cerebral, but absorbing.

MOTHER KNOWS BEST. By Edna Ferber. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. $2.50. Miss Ferber wrote excellent short stories long before her novels, "So Big" and "Show Boat," became best-sellers. She still writes short stories now and then. Those collected in this book do not need to be dubbed "novelettes" or "little novels." They are human, humorous, and pointed. "Classified" and "Our Very Best People" could pass unchallenged as O. Henry at his best, and "Every Other Thursday" is a close rival.

RED DAMASK. By Emanie Sachs. Harper & Brothers, New York. $2.

At first inclined to class this book with the excellent title as superficial, we confess that in the end we found it an interesting study. It traces the various high spots in the life of an attractive girl, born into and bred in a family of conservative German Jews, and cursed with a conscience. Despite evasions, few of us can escape our ultimate braying in the mortar of experience, and her most poignant experiences come late to Abbey Ware, married to a most estimable husband. The steps through which she suffers perpetual discontent and subsequent development are realistic. So is the vivid portrayal of the close corporation of a Jewish household, the continual squabbles with servants, Donna's amusing personality, and Matthew Heron's caustic one. Abbey's problem is common-that of the badly inhibited individual attempting to free himself. We do not feel that Abbey ever will succeed in this noble task. She is a nervous type, whose brain, for want of adequate occupation, turns in on itself; but we acknowledge the author's good work on a sordid situation. At least the latter writes from experience and has not lost her sense of humor.

BROTHER SAUL By Donn Byrne. The Century Company, New York. $2.50.

That Donn Byrne, having chosen to write of Biblical times and persons, should fill a rich scene with figures replete with color, feeling, vitality, and touched with poetic imagination, any one familiar with his other work might have guessed. It would have been less easy to foretell that he would be able so convincingly to compel his readers to follow stage by stage, to understand, and to accept as inevitable the slow and difficult change and development in the complex character of Saul of Tarsus, by which the hard and learned Rabbi Saul of the Sanhedrim, the persecutor of Christians, becomes the lofty and gentle old man of the closing pages, loved and lovable, carrying unweariedly the message of the Nazarene. But he accomplishes this with striking success; and there are other notable characterizations in a notable book,

nobly conceived: Gamaliel, Barnabas, Stephen, the sweet and shadowy Nossis, Thekla the shining Greek girl, and Uncle Joachim-above all, the flawless portrait of Uncle Joachim.

CRAVEN HOUSE. By Patrick Hamilton. Houghton, Mifflin Company, Boston. $2.50. To most Americans boarding-houses are already prehistoric. They may linger in summer resorts and small towns, but only as survivals struggling for existence against the vigorous self-determinism of kitchenettes and cafeterias. But apparently boarding-houses still flourish in London, and it is a boarding-house of the ancient tradition, with its dismal pretentiousness and its odd collocation of human beings brought together like the "happy families" of the zoo, that we find in "Craven House." Miss Hatt, the proprietor of this genteel habitation, is stoutish, talkative, and determinedly merry, with a masterful hand on her two slaveys and the inner grievance of all boarding-house keepers. In her "family" are her two old friends, skinny, smiling Mrs. Spicer and Mr. Spicer of the walrus mustache and golden tooth; curt, watchful Mrs. Nixon and her timid, shrinking little daughter; and the new "permanent," Major Wildman, and his small son. Other figures come within the group during the years from 1911 to 1926, through which Mr. Hamilton weaves a thin thread of romance about the two children and lifts the cover of the caldron to glimpse the incompatibilities, futilities, absurdities, cruelties, and innocencies that simmer within. The tale has a gusto of detail and characterization that leaves an impress, but it is heavy-handed in humor and clumsy in dramatic action.

Biography

THE DIARY OF ELBRIDGE GERRY, JR. Brentano's, New York. $2.

This story of Elbridge Gerry's journey to Washington in 1813, when his father was Vice-President, during President Madison's Administration, is pleasantly remindful of Josiah Quincy's trip to that city when John Quincy Adams was President, thirteen years later, told in "Figures of the Past." Young Gerry traveled on horseback over atrocious roads for the most part, and young Quincy by the comparatively easy stage-coach. Both give a lively picture of Washington society of their time, Gerry being too enamored of social doings to heed the clouds of impending war overhanging the country.

A curious discrepancy occurs in his account of the trip. Arriving at Hartford, Connecticut, he speaks of passing through Plymouth, Vermont, a foot-note asserting that this Plymouth was "the boyhood home of President Coolidge." The diary goes on to say: "Beyond this town we traveled over part of the Green Mountains of Vermont" to the adjoining town of Watertown. As Plymouth is in Vermont and Watertown in Connecticut, and the next day's journey took them to Danbury, Connecticut, we infer that a leaf describing another journey has strayed into this diary, the editor thoughtlessly mistaking the village for the Vermont Plymouth. Elbridge Gerry uses the stilted style of that day, with frequent boyish attempts at fine writing. He says of Mount Pleasant, in the Catskills: "To delineate with correctness the features of this is difficult. Nature appears to have formed this spot as the first on the lists of romance, . . . the houses are scattered and fancy in her true robes is displayed in their situations." The party see "elegant rivers" and "handsome islands" and fasten their boats "to the roots of umbrageous trees." But most of his flowers of speech are reserved for the "lovely ladies of his acquaintance." At the end of a wild forest

ride he writes: "I was transported on my alighting, with a view of several female countenances, and soon discovered them to be very handsome." He meets many "romantic ladies" and "beautiful females," and asserts: "I always like to be in the regions of ladies, the atmosphere is SO much purer." He describes Dolly Madison as "very handsome, of elegant form and dignified deportment, . . . fine complexion, high and delicately colored, . . dressed in a yellow silk gown rather loose and plain, ... neat bonnet, . . . a cravat around her neck, . . . spangled cloth shoes;" but, he adds regretfully, "her feet I had not the honor of being permitted to examine, and therefore am unable to describe." No such deprivation exists to-day!

Young Gerry appears to have been a great beau, and remained a beau, presumably, to the end, dying, unmarried, at the age of ninety-two.

THE PRODIGIOUS LOVER. New Aspects in the Life of Richard Wagner. By Louis Barthou. Translated by Henry Irving Brock. Duffield & Co., New York. $2.50.

M. Barthou (former Premier of France) does not specify exactly what may be novel in his findings on Wagner, nor do his publishers. All are here, the old familiar faces-Minna Planer, Mathilde Wesendonck, Cosima von Bülow, and the perhaps unwillingly complaisant husbands of the latter two, forming as extraordinary a crew as ever surrounded a man of genius. Still, there are odd lots of youthful loves and casual passers-by on the byways of love, of whom M. Barthou informs us. Not all the writer's talent can make his book much more than unedifying, and some passages, mainly quotations from Wagner's own letters, are conducive to actual retching. Unquestionably, some prodigious music emerged from the prodigious loves, but on the whole we prefer to listen to the music and remain comfortably ignorant of its origins.

MARVELS

Science

OF MODERN MECHANICS. By Harold T. Wilkins. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. $3.

An addition to the rapidly increasing crop of books complimenting the human race on its genius. The title leaves little to be said in outlining the contents. The author not only summarizes modern achievement in laboratory and experimental science and in the world of engineering, mechanics, and applied power generally, but also predicts, with admirable restraint for one so sanguine, what we may expect to enjoy in time to come. Knowledge and imagination coupled with the power of deduction may be relied on to anticipate with fair accuracy the developments of the future. With memories of the first moving pictures and the reports coming in from reliable sources, it would seem reasonable to prophesy that our progeny will be able to sit in a Broadway theater and watch the progress of the Olympic Games as they are fought out at Madrid. Mr. Wilkins does not treat us to this peep into the future, but it would not be out of place with the others.

The chapters on the raising of wrecks from the occan floor and aviation are particularly romantic. In the last ten years it has been obvious to any thinking person that flying has been striding with sevenleague boots towards complete safety and comfort. It is refreshing to learn what has actually been done and how much closer than we had imagined it is to practical perfection.

THE ROMANCE OF CHEMISTRY. By William Foster, Ph.D., Professor in Chemistry at Princeton University. The Century Company, New York. $3.

Professor Foster traces his subject from the ancient alchemist's search for the philosopher's stone and the transmutation of metals to the marvelous achievements

attained in modern laboratories. It is indeed a romance-from happenchance discoveries, like that of phosphorus, down to radium and helium. Beyond this is a detailed account of chemical usefulness and application to arts and manufactures, entertainingly told. Sulphur, it is interesting to learn, is a pillar of industry as well as orthodoxy.

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History

THE WAR MYTH IN UNITED STATES HIS-
TORY. By C. H. Hamlin. The Vanguard
Press, New York.
50c.

For those who believe with Benjamin Franklin that there never was a good war or a bad peace, Professor Hamlin furnishes a cogent historical background. Written as a monograph for the Association to Abolish War, he demonstrates the failure of force where common sense would have done so much better. But, alas, common sense is soon relegated to the background when the drums begin to beat! It has been so ever since Jason threw the stone among the earth children in Colchis. This is not meant to belittle a powerfully written and valuable volume. Would that all men-and women-might read it and become wise!

THE PEACEMAKERS OF 1864. By Edward Chase Kirkland. The Macmillan Company, New York. $2.50.

Perhaps "The Meddlers of 1864" would have been a more accurate title for Mr. Kirkland's interesting volume, which portrays the perplexities thrown in the path of President Lincoln by politicians and busybodies in the culminating days of the Rebellion. As a cross-section of history it fills a gap and enables the reader to grasp the details of a situation that might well have defeated all the aims for which the great conflict was ultimately fought.

Business

AN OUTLINE OF CAREERS. A Practical Guide to Achievement. Edited by Edward L. Berrays. The George H. Doran Company, New York. $5.

A large volume of essays by thirty-eight men and women who have done well in their respective lines. Written "for the guidance of young people" and stating the "requirements, opportunities, and pitfalls of their own fields of achievement."

Gardening

THE BEGINNER'S GARDEN. By Mrs. Francis King. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. $2.

All Mrs. King's garden books are good, and her latest, "A Beginner's Garden," is likely to be one of the most serviceableby no means to beginners only. There are valuable hints to the more experienced of a practical nature, besides a chapter calling attention to a pleasure which too few gardeners have as yet discovered for themselves: that of what might be termed garden geography. It is interesting even to the mind which simply enjoys facts to know from what country far or near, from what mountain ranges or lush river-bottoms, where strange creatures prowl, the plants so comfortably domesticated in his garden originally came; while to the gardener blessed with imagination such knowledge affords the mind a fascinating run among fields of unguessed variety and charm.

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in the eighteenth century as it really was. It does this by the same method used by W. S. Davis for twelfth-century Europe in his invaluable volume "Life on a Medieval Barony;" that is, by building up a text woven chiefly from contemporary writers that composes into a veritable cross-section of the life of the day-cutting down through the different social strata. M. Ducros begins at the top, with Versailles, picturing the formalisms and rigidities of the Court and the dignities, gayeties, and routine of the high nobility. Then comes Paris, the city itself, and its different call

M

ings and orders: the lawyers, the financiers, the doctors, the bourgeois, and the populace. We pass to the provinces, and the life of the clergy, the country gentry, the village, and the army; and then we are shown the emerging of public opinion as a new force in political and social life, the influence of the salons, and the qualities evinced in French manners. It is refreshing to find a volume devoted to French society in the eighteenth century that is not a chronicle of scandal, but a balanced, well-ordered presentation of the whole social fabric.

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AY I be one of many to thank you for your article in The Outlook of May 4, "To American Catholics," it is so clear and unbiased a statement.

I

Mrs. WILLIAM PITT PALMER. Lee, Massachusetts.

WISH to express my appreciation of your fine editorial entitled "To American Catholics," which appeared in The Outlook of May 4. I do not know of any finer statement of the situation, or one better calculated to give to Roman Catholics the Protestant view-point.

I have felt that in the many comments upon Governor Smith's defense there has been a conspicuous failure to present the aspect which you so clearly described in your editorial.

I am ordering half a dozen copies of that issue so that I may distribute them among my Catholic friends.

Rev. W. W. T. DUNCAN. Emory Methodist Episcopal Church, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

THE OUTLOOK of May 4 has just come in

your article, "To American Catholics," that I feel impelled to write immediately to tell you, in my opinion, it is one of the most lucid, convincing, and just treatments of the subject I ever read.

PAULINE THURLOW FARLEY. Richmond Heights, Ohio.

FOR

OR Some weeks I had been saying to myself, "It is time for somebody to speak up." I am glad to see in the May 4 issue of The Outlook that you had a similar impulse.

Once, when a college student, I happened to fall in with a young man who was principal of a Catholic high school. We got to discussing religion. I said, "I suppose your

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men in it who see the Scriptures from a little different angle from what the fathers did and so have new interpretations of some passages in them?" "No," he said, "the Scriptures are authoritatively interpreted for us and we have to interpret them in that way." How abhorrent to democracy is such an idea! What could be more hostile to the growth of the individual soul and to society than just that? What becomes of the idea of progress under such a régime? I am glad you spoke. I am, of course, conscious of the fact that this idea of the "divine right to rule" is not limited to Catholics.

Duluth, Minnesota.

OUTLOOK TRAVEL BUREAU A

120 East 16th Street, New York City

WILLIAM F. CLARKE,

LLOW me to congratulate you for your editorial in The Outlook of May 4, "To American Catholics." You have stated the case precisely, and must have rendered a real service to many open-minded Cath

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of May 4 addressed "To American Catholics." It is couched in that tolerant spirit and sweet reasonableness that is more likely to impress than the intolerant attitude too often employed in discussing such questions. You particularly struck the nail on the head in your analogy presenting a potentate of the Church of England receiving the obsequious salute accorded by the most popular of Governors to a potentate of another hierarchy. It reminded me of the aphorism of Archbishop Whately, in his annotations to Bacon: "True wisdom consists in the ready and accurate perception of analogies."

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