describe our Lord's human development, 358-362; Half rational-

istic, half mythical explanation of the miracles of Christ, 362–366;

Arbitrary treatment of our Lord's discourses-Ill success in solving

the enigma of Christ's Messianic consciousness, 366-371; Mania

for discovering traces of development in the character of Christ,

371-374; Keim's History of "Jesus of Nazara" (Note), 373-375;

How Schenkel degrades our Lord moral character-Deceptive use

of the term "Redeemer," 374-379.

PAGE

. 379-425

Origin of the mythical theory-Grohmann (1799) the forerunner of

Strauss, 379-381; First edition of 1835-Origin of the Myths-Prin-

ciples and Method-Replies, 381-385; The edition of 1864-Funda-

mental tendency and arrangement, 385-387; Historical residuum

of the Life of Christ, 387–391; Formation of Myths, 391-393; Style

of the Book-Critique of Gospel narratives, 393-396; Examination

of the work-Pantheistic principles and assumption that the Super-

natural is impossible, 396-399; The Myth a mere means for getting

rid of the Miraculous-Arbitrary and unhistorical procedure—Ex-

amination of his method, 399-402; Question as to the possibility of

the formation of Myths, 402-406; Impossibility of the invention of

the portrait of Christ, 406, 407; Historical difficulties of the mythi-

cal theory-Behaviour of the first opponents, and of the primitive

Churches, 407-409; St. Paul's confirmation of the Gospel Miracles

-Their modest character, 409-411; Strauss' view of the Person of

Christ-Pantheistic incarnation of the Godhead-The ideal Christ

substituted for the historical, and perversely subordinated to

humanity as a whole, 411-415; Whence the belief in the Messiah-

ship of Christ without miracles?-How could Myths form around

a merely human teacher?-Whence the higher view found in

Christ's testimony respecting His own Person? 415-419; Strauss'

attack on the Sinlessness of Christ—Weak point of his construction

of history-Optical illusion of the mythical theory, 419-422;

Origin of the Christian Church left unexplained, 422–425.

Origin and character of the Book, 425-428; Sketch of the public life

of Christ in three periods, 428-433; Examination of Renan's picture-

Denial of our Lord's Sinlessness-Perversion of the history, 433-436;

Fanciful interpolations-Incapacity for historical research-Obscura-

tion of moral consciousness, 436-440.

Conclusion, 440-447 :-Accusation brought against us by the anti-

miraculists-Their profession of belief in Christ compared with that

of the Church-Their surrender of Christianity, 440-443; Scientific

weakness and untenableness of our opponents' position-Something

yet to be learned from them-The Church's need of further Christo-

logical development, 443-447.

Resurrection refers to the body, not to the spirit-Importance of the

body in the plan of salvation, 448-452; Strauss accepts this as the

crucial question-Baur evades it, 452–455; Rationalistic hypothesis

of apparent death, 455-457; The visionary hypothesis-Schenkel's

wavering treatment, 457-460; Renan's explanation, 460-463;

Strauss-how he invalidates the witness of the New Testament

-Origin of the "Resurrection Myths," 463-467.

The Revelation of St. John-The Gospel narratives—Their discre-

pancies Their mutual supplementation-Ten appearances of the

risen Saviour, 467-469; Essential agreement between the narra-

tives, 469-474; Nature of the resurrection-body, 474-476; The

testimony of St. Paul, 1 Cor. xv., 476-478; Appearance of Christ

to St. Paul before Damascus, as related in the Acts, 478-481; Exe-

getical arguments (from the Epistles) and psychological Objections

against the theory (of Baur, Holsten, and Strauss), that this was a

merely inward occurrence, 481-487; St. Paul neither a visionary

nor an epileptic, 487-490.

III. COLLAPSE OF THE "VISIONARY HYPOTHESIS,”

490-503

St. Paul's conversion and history-Belief of the Disciples in Christ's

bodily resurrection-Novelty of the idea of an individual resurrec-

tion in a glorified body, 490-492; Possibility of a visionary illusion

affecting five hundred Disciples at once not to be assumed-Great

difference between the appearances of the risen Saviour and mere

visions as related in the New Testament-Why did these appear-

ances continue for only so short a time? 492-495; "The Third

Day" too early a date for the development of visionary illusions-

Disappearance of our Saviour's body, 495-498; Effects of the Re-

surrection on the Disciples and the world-Sudden revolution on

the Disciples' frame of mind-A moral regeneration of the world

not the effect of visionary self-deception, 498-500; Result-The

visionary hypothesis overthrown by difficulties exegetical, psycho-

logical, dogmatical, chronological, topographical, historical, and

moral, 500-502; Positive counterproofs for the necessity of the Re-

surrection, 502, 503.

EIGHTH LECTURE.

THE MODERN CRITICAL THEORY OF PRIMITIVE CHRISTIANITY.

THE TUEBINGEN SCHOOL, AND ITS FOUNDER F. C. Baur, .

504-506

I. THE PRINCIPLES OF THE TUEBINGEN SCHOOL,

506-517

Influence of Hegel-Baur's anti-miraculous conception of history-

Naturalistic explanation of the Origines of Christianity, 506-509;

Demonstration of historical analogies-Christianity merely the com-

bination of pre-Christian elements of truth-Its purely spiritual

character, 509-514; Primitive Christianity an Ebionitic develop-

ment of Judaism-Separation from this of a Universalist schism

under St. Paul-Antithesis of Petrinism and Paulinism-Critical

treatment of the New Testament writings, 514-517.

PAGE

517-547

Its pretended freedom from dogmatical presuppositions-Its philo-

sophical assumptions-Onesided conception of the nature of Chris-

tianity-True specific difference between Christianity and all previous

religious developments, 517-519; Its supernatural origin-Elements

of truth in Baur's deductions, 519-524; Their historical deficien-

cies: Person and self-consciousness of Christ, Belief of the Disciples,

St. Paul's conversion, all left unexplained-What is Paul without

Christ? 524-528; Antithesis in the apostolic age not fundamental,

and solved by the Apostles themselves, 529-532; Three stages of

development in primitive Christianity-The principle of univer-

salism extant from the very first-Later divisions, 533-536; Baur's

critique of the New Testament books-Belief of primitive Chris-

tianity in the Godhead of Christ-Impossibility of transferring the

Books of the New Testament into the Second Century-Relation of

the Fourth to the Three First Gospels, 536-541; Confusions result-

ing from Baur's theory-Analogy between him and Darwin-

Accumulation of difficulties through dislike of the Miraculous-Sub-

stitution of philosophical criticism for historical-Dissolution of the

Tübingen School, 541-547.

CORRIGENDA.

PAGE 4, line 20, after "Christian faith," add footnote :

1 Compare Reuter, Geschichte der religiösen Aufklärung im Mittelalter, vol. i., 1875.

,, 13, line 12, for "human forms of ecclesiastical practice," read "human forms of theological conceptions and ecclesiastical practice."

14, line 12, after "seriously believe in," add "and at present the Papal syllabus, some modern Vatican decrees, and their ridiculous political presumptuousness against civil authorities."

14, line 24, for "herself, her institutions," read "her theology, her institutions."

,, 14, line 6 from foot, for "The sermons of that period," read "The sermons of the preceding period, from the second half of the sixteenth till the first third of the eighteenth century, were," etc.

"

15, line 15 from foot, for "From the middle of the eighteenth,” read "Soon after the middle of the eighteenth," etc.

,, 17, line 8 from foot, for "a grossly exaggerated and thoroughly unevangelical," read “an exaggerated, unevangelical, but convenient view of," etc.

,, 18, line 22, after "of her English sister," add "not to speak of her great neglect as regards her own independent constitution; but she has favoured," etc.

,, 19, line 18, for "is the hostility now excited," read ". was the hostility about seventeen years ago excited," etc.

24, line 20, after "field of action," add footnote :—

'See Hundeshagen's excellent book, Der deutsche Protestantismus, 3d ed., pp. 135, 166, 206 ff.

25, line 6, after “sensibly diminished,” add “except in some quarters of natural scientists, influenced by Darwin and others."

63, line 7 from foot, for "German," read "Germany."

65, line 16 from foot, for "with the ancient statesman," read "with the ancient philosopher, that 'to obey God is freedom' (Seneca); and with a modern statesman, that ‘a nation,'

etc.

,, 69, line 4 from foot, for "while itself of very," read "while what it ac

complishes is of very," etc.

,, 74, line 14 from foot, for "in the conscience," read "in the world and

conscience," etc.

,, 87, line 17 from foot, after "educating them," add "at home."

21

Page 91, line 22, for "(Rom. i. 21)," read "(Rom. i. 21, 32)."

104, line 13, for "a literary journal," read "a journal," etc.

105, line 2, for "Revelation, therefore, and the divine," read "Revelation, therefore, and looking up to the divine," etc.

,, 105, line 18, for "spiritual development of humanity to such," read "spiritual development of humanity for ever to such," etc.

,, 105, line 23, for "If it be denied that," read "If it be denied (what Lessing does not do) that," etc.

113, line 8, for "Revelation is a development, but not one to which the Divine Nature is itself subjected," read "Revelation is developing itself, but the Divine Nature itself does not do so."

,, 113, line 3 from foot, for "a body and teeth,'" read " a body and bodily organs."

117, line 15 from foot, after "they could not fathom," add "themselves." 122, line 20, for "who do not acknowledge," read "who do not sufficiently acknowledge," etc.

,, 138, line 5 from foot, for "after having for ages appeared," read “after having until modern times appeared only quite sporadically in Christianity, first," etc.

,, 145, line 9 from foot, for "We find it in the Buddhism," read "We find traces of it in the Buddhism," etc.

,, 146, line 14, after "heralds of this wisdom," add "whom Strauss (der alte und der neue Glaube) has finally joined.”

,, 160, line 8, for "has brought with him flesh," read "has brought hither with him flesh," etc.

,, 171, line 9 from foot, for "Lastly, the pantheist may object, .

cannot be one," read :

"Besides this, let us not overlook what great help the Christian doctrine of the Trinity is affording us in answering that whole objection. The object needed for contra-position of self to another cannot, certainly, in God's case, have been the world, as it did not exist from all eternity. But there was, according to Scripture, the eternal Word in God, the Son, through whom the idea of the world was existing in God before the creation of this world. If God is love, as Scripture says, truly He always needed an object; for love requires two distinct subjects. And these are, in fact, presented to us in Scripture, in Father and Son, from all eternity. But then it is also clear that, if two are required, God and the world cannot be one."

201, line 2 from foot (footnote), after "foolhardy assumptions")," add "A. Wigand (Der Darwinismus, 1 vol., 1874), K. E. von Baer (Zum Streit ueber den Darwinismus, 1873), F. Pfaff, and James D. Dana (Manual of Geology, 2d ed., 1874); among," etc.

209, line 4, for "and cease as soon as the latter is altered," read "and cease as soon as the latter may find it suitable to his purposes," etc. 220, line 8, for "God,' that is, entirely. . . points out," read "God,' that is, as some have tried to derive from our Teutonic language (although it is etymologically more than doubtful), entirely and thoroughly good. Therefore," etc.

238, line 14 from foot, for "injury inflicted on," read "injury inflicted at the same time on," etc.