THE

Phrenological Magazine.

T

JANUARY, 1883.

HENRY M. STANLEY.

HE discoverer of Dr. Livingstone has a natural right to a place among the world's front-rank men, and we gladly accord it to him in our Gallery of Celebrities. Mr. Stanley may not possess all the qualities necessary to the making of a great man; but he possesses all those which are essential for the performance of a great work. Perhaps it may be thought by some that the doer of a great work, if any, is entitled to the name of a great man ; and we are not disposed to quarrel with them for thinking so; only we reserve to ourselves the privilege to think that there are men essentially great in character to whom it has not been given by Providence to carry out any great work.

However, Mr. Stanley is not one of these. His great good fortune put it in his power to undertake a most important enterprise, and with that modest confidence so characteristic of men of "real grit," he went to work and carried it through. The portrait we have preferred to give of the subject of this sketch represents the explorer as he was when he started out on his expedition in search of Dr. Livingstone. Since then his hair has grizzled, and the lines in his face have increased and deepened; otherwise, as we know from personal contact during his recent visit to London, he has not aged much, but, like men generally of good calibre, carries his age and his labours lightly and with ease. That he is able to do so is due to his very compact and condensed organization. He has no surplus material to trouble him. His tone and quality of organization are of the best kind; one part sustains another with more than ordinary perfectness. Few men are so well balanced throughout. In many ways he may be considered a round man, for he is equal to almost any kind of work. This arises not only from the completeness of the bodily functions and the compactness of the brain, but also from the harmony and balance between the two, which enables him to have excellent control over himself, and to use his powers, both physical and mental, to

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the best advantage. He can use his muscles as well as his brain, and takes equal enjoyment in either.

In mind he is alive to all that takes place about him. He is positive in mind and motive; not easily disconcerted in times of danger and emergency; vigour is denoted by every look and word. Will is always the most powerful where there is the highest degree of health and harmony of mental and physical action; hence he possesses the highest degree of will-power. He is very determined, and what he resolves to do he goes at without flinching. His courage is of both the moral and the physical type.

The base of the brain being large, giving a tough hold on life, and the executive powers large, with large Self-Esteem and Firmness, he has great confidence in himself. His ambition is unbounded, but it is an ambition for work and the reward of work, not merely for power and place. Combativeness, Firmness, and Approbativeness, while uniting to give him the desire for success, also give him the will to work for and earn it. His large Hope, combined with his unbounded energy, renders him enterprising and venturesome in the extreme.

The brain is not wanting in height, especially above the ears, which aids greatly to give stability to his character, settledness to his purposes, and power to resist foreign influences. The head is not only broad at the base, but at the top also, especially through and above the temples, which indicates great versatility of talent, strong, vivid, and varied imagination, and enables him to express himself in glowing and even extravagant terms, as well as rendering him very impressible to all surrounding influences and associations. His large Language, as indicated by the fulness of the eye, gives him great power of expression and enables him to speak or write in a free, off-hand manner.

The forehead being well rounded out indicates a full development of all the intellectual faculties. The perceptive powers are well represented, giving him correct powers of observation and great facility in the acquisition of knowledge. His full central brain, from the root of the nose to the top of the forehead, betokens the ability not only to retain knowledge, but to turn it to good account. Hence he is characterized for an eminently practical turn of mind, and for the power to use his experience to the best account. The organs of Order, Calculation, Constructiveness, and Causality give him the power to organize and work according to rule, and to make the most of the means he has at command.

Few men are so peculiarly intuitive in the discernment of

available truth and in correct judgment of character and motives. He has a good appetite and enjoys his food highly. He can eat what comes if necessary; but he has his preferences, and knows what is best for him. To be in and enjoy his society a person needs to conform to him and allow him to be the master-spirit, for he prefers to be the superior wherever he may be; and he has a force of character and a vigour of thought that would naturally bring him to the front in whatever sphere of life he might be placed.

Mr. Stanley, although born in Wales, claims to be an American subject. He went to the States early in life, and,

after various experiences in the West, became connected with the New York Herald. As war correspondent for that journal he accompanied the Abyssinian expedition, and took part in other wars, revolutions, and émeutes as a chronicler of events from the eye-witness's point of view. On October 16, 1869, being then at Madrid, he received a telegram from Mr. James Gordon Bennett, the then manager, now proprietor, of the Herald, desiring him to go to Paris on "important business," the important business being to go and find Livingstone. "Do you really think I can find Dr. Livingstone?" asked the incredulous correspondent. "Do you mean me to go to

Central Africa?" "Yes," was the reply; "I mean you to go and find him wherever you may hear that he is, and to get what news you can of him; and perhaps" (delivering himself thoughtfully and deliberately) "the old man may be in want: take enough with you to help him should he require it. Of course, you will act according to your own plans, and do what you think best-but find Livingstone!"

So the matter was arranged; but before starting for Central Africa, Stanley was to go to the opening of the Suez Canal; then to go up the Nile and find out as much as possible about Baker's expedition, then about starting for Upper Egypt; then to go to Jerusalem and see what Captain Warren was doing there; thence to Constantinople, the Crimea, across the Caucasus to the Caspian, to report on the Russian expedition to Khiva; thence through Persia to India, and so on to Zanzibar, where, finally, he was to equip himself for his search for the lost explorer.

Arriving at Zanzibar, January 6, 1871, Stanley immediately set about making his preparations, and on February 5 was ready to cross over to Bagamoyo, on the mainland. There were still other arrangements to be made, as the hiring of porters, &c., which took up much time; so that it was March 21 before a final start could be made for the interior. For a narrative of the hardships and adventures Mr. Stanley passed through in his memorable journey, the reader must turn to the pages of his book: "How I found Livingstone." Suffice it to say here that, after 236 days' hard travel, exposed to innumerable dangers and vexatious trials, he succeeded in the object of his search, finding Livingstone at Ujiji, on Lake Tanganika, on November 10, 1871. In what condition he found him, and the record of the work he has done, which forms almost the last chapter in his memorable career, everybody knows.

On December 27 Stanley started on his homeward journey accompanied by Dr. Livingstone, whom he was to escort as far as Unyanyembe, where, it was hoped, the Doctor would find his long-delayed supplies. They reached that place on February 18, and on the 14th of the following month Stanley bade farewell to his companion and started en route for the coast, reaching Zanzibar on May 7, 1872, and arriving in England towards the end of July.

Stanley's subsequent travels and explorations in Central Africa, first under the auspices of a London and a New York paper, afterwards in the employment of the King of the Belgians, are fresh in the minds of all readers, and need not be further referred to here. He is now in Europe taking rest