The author says he examined the famous John Brown without knowing him, and declared him to have firmness and energy enough to swim up the Niagara river holding the tow-line of a 74-gun ship in his teeth.

John Ruskin: Aspects of his Thoughts and Teachings. By E. J. BAILLIE (J. Pearce, Gough Square, Fleet Street.) The author says in his preface that this little work is "intended to serve as an introduction to the study of Mr. Ruskin's works. I have tried to show on the surface what beauties may be found in the depths." We can recommend the work as eminently interesting and readable. It epitomises, in brief chapters, Mr. Ruskin's views on style, education, art, science, commerce, ethics, religion, &c., and gives some of his best and most characteristic thoughts.

Traits of Representative Men. By GEORGE W. BUNGAY. (Fowler & Wells, New York.)-Mr. Bungay's book deals in a popular way with some leading Americans, as, for instance, James Russell Lowell, Wendell Phillips, Henry W. Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Edwin Booth, &c. He makes a very readable book, and tells a great deal about the lives and talents of influential men in the States about whom we at this side of the Atlantic hear much, but know little of personal character.

How to Keep a Store. By S. H. TERRY. (Fowler & Co., New York.) In this work the author gives the result of thirty years' experience in business. To those who have not had previous experience in the retail business, and yet desire to open a shop, the book is invaluable, and even those who are in business can hardly read it without profit. The whole art of buying and selling is treated most comprehensively.

Facts and Gossip.

THE London correspondent of a provincial contemporary thus writes of Louise Michel, the notorious French revolutionist, who recently visited London for propagandist purposes: "In person, Louise Michel is tall and thin, her face is pale and oval. She has a full, broad forehead, but it retreats very much in the upper part, and a disciple of Gall would say she was strikingly deficient in the reflective faculties, benevolence and veneration. She has a pleasing voice, and speaks in a persuasive manner. She grants that woman has not a man's strength of mind and range of power. This, she says, arises from her treatment for a million years; and yet she confesses that she wants to make her the equal of man by rapid social revolution."

A PARIS correspondent of the Pall Mall Gazette writes:-"I have heard a conversation between three eminent members of the Anthropological Society on the brain of Gambetta. Who could have supposed that in size, weight, and general structure that organ was more feminine than masculine? The convolutions were delicately and sharply modelled, and there was not much space wasted in cellular tissue. It was in a most healthy state when Gambetta died, although his intellect betrayed signs of fatigue. Dr. Broca holds to the opinion that the decline in intellectual power was due to the asthmatic affection from which Gambetta latterly suffered and the attendant congestions. The third convolution, in which the faculty of language is supposed to reside, is of an abnormal development. Were Dr. Broca to have been shown the cerebral organ of Gambetta without having been told from what head it was taken, he should have said that it belonged to a woman who had well exercised all her mental faculties."

M. DUVAL, the eminent physician who took possession of M. Gambetta's brain after the post-mortem examination, has weighed it carefully, and states that its weight is exactly one thousand one hundred and sixty grammes. It is therefore inferior, in that respect, to the brain of Napoleon I., which weighed one thousand two hundred and forty-five grammes. Lord Byron's weighed one thousand four hundred grammes, and Cromwell's one thousand three hundred grammes. The convolutions of M. Gambetta's brain are being studied with deep interest by the faculty. M. Gambetta's total weight was one hundred and twelve kilogrammes.

THE want of an English translation of Gall's "Physiology of the Brain" has long been a source of deep regret to phrenologists. Had this been accomplished at the period of its publication in France, we can hardly doubt that it would long since have been generally recognized among us as the true and only physiology of the brain; so clear and philosophical, so beautiful, so eloquent, so forcible are all Gall's descriptions and reasonings, and so numerous the proofs he adduces of the several organs. It is an astounding fact, but nevertheless true, that Gall's works have never been placed in a correct and adequate form before the English public; and, moreover, no English or American edition of his works has been accompanied by the numerous and beautiful plates, without which his text loses half its value. The late E. S. Symes, M.D., prepared a careful translation, which it was proposed to publish, with the plates, in two volumes, and issue to subscribers at the price of two guineas a copy; but, for some reason, although a large number of subscribers was obtained, the work was never sent to press. It is now proposed to publish it; but as it would require a large amount of money to do so, it could only be done by subscription.

Answers to Correspondents.

[Persons sending photographs for remarks on their character under this heading must observe the following conditions :-Each photograph must be accompanied by a stamped and directed envelope, for the return of the photographs; the photograph, or photographs (for, where possible, two should be sent, one giving a front, the other a side view), must be good and recent; and, lastly, each application must be accompanied by a remittance (in stamps) of Is. 9d., for three months' subscription to the MAGAZINE.-ED. P. M.]

D. F. (Kettering) has a strongly marked physiology, with a predominance of the motive and mental temperaments, favouring continuous and hard labour. He cannot be an idle-minded man; is more liable to work too hard than not hard enough. He has a very strong will, which, conjointly with his muscular system, allows him to strain himself rather than not accomplish his ends. Is characterized for thought, originality, and power to comprehend and take the sense of a subject; is more philosophical than scientific, and, if scientific, is better acquainted with fundamental principles than with details; verbal memory, and memory of stories and events, not very good; is methodical in his style of doing work, and well qualified to plan and lay out work; is original and sometimes very apt in his wit; characterized for prudence, caution, forethought, circumspection, and consistency; not cruel, quarrelsome, or revengeful; has good constructive, contriving, and even inventive power, and is seldom at a loss for a way to accomplish his ends. The more difficult the task the more he likes it. He has an eye to beauty and perfection, and has an expansive way of looking at things. Is youthful, and can entertain company agreeably when in the humour, although he may sometimes appear less sociable than he really is, for he is not inclined to adapt himself to the vanities, fashions, and foibles of society, or to pet and caress. He is, indeed, somewhat eccentric, his sources of enjoyment are peculiar to himself, and he is likely to have hobbies; is an enthusiast in some things, but an enthusiast in his own way; lives in an intellectual atmosphere of his own, and is liable to dwell much upon abstract and transcendental subjects.

F. S. (Kettering).-The physiology of this gentleman indicates a predominance of the vital temperament, and next to that of the mental. He is warm, ardent, emotional, rather excitable, and impulsive; characterized for acquiring knowledge easily, and for being able to communicate it to others; remarkable for his power of observation and for his knowledge of the external world; has a good general memory of what takes place around him, has many things to talk about, never loses sight of his experience, and can describe places, actions, and experiments quite accurately. He is a free, easy talker when among his friends; has a scientific, practical, business turn of mind; may make improvements on inventions, but has not much talent to invent, or to deal in complicated subjects;

is intuitive in his perceptions of character and of truth, comes rapidly to his conclusions, and answers questions promptly; delights to study character; and is apt in his powers of analysis and criticism. His sympathies are easily awakened, and he soon shows an interest in what is going on around him; enjoys life; works when he must and enjoys when he can; is sociable, companionable, friendly, and a ladies' man. He could make a good speaker, espe cially on literary and scientific topics; is greatly interested in the general welfare of society, and shows a reformatory, progressive disposition, for Benevolence appears to be decidedly large; hence he does not live alone or enjoy himself by himself. He will be more liberal than rigid in his theological views.

M. N. L. (Hull).-You have an organization worth cultivating, and, if you will do the best you can with yourself, you can excel as a teacher, as an artist, or in any occupation requiring taste, constructiveness, imitation, order, and power to understand principles. You have good powers for scholarship, for music, and for the languages; with practice you could also write nicely. You must, however, encourage application, perseverance, self-reliance, and self-government. Study yourself as much as possible; in order to do this you should read up in phrenology, and make yourself acquainted with your own organization. Encourage definiteness of observation and try to turn all your knowledge to the best practical account. Your temperament is one that, so. long as you remain in unimpaired health, will create summer weather about you all the year round.

E. A. P. (Birmingham). Your organization is a very fair one for health and long life. There is also a good balance between the body and the brain, so that you will be able to use your powers to a good advantage. The form of your head indicates a well balanced brain. Hence you will show no special deficiency in your character. You will be impulsive and somewhat quick tempered, but are not malicious. You have considerable strength of character, and will develop some unusual qualities. Are very firm, persevering, decided, prompt, fearless, and quite energetic; will dare do what many young ladies would faint at the thought of; have presence of mind in times of difficulty and danger, and great courage; possess much spontaneousness of character, and will need to use all your restraining powers to guide and control your impulses. Are naturally frank, open-hearted, and generous in your feelings; also conscientious, and desirous of doing your duty, but may not at all times be as cautious and circumspect as might be. Your social feelings are strong, and your affections warm and enduring. You are adapted for a public position; it does not matter so much what it is, so long as it brings you in contact with society, and enables you to do good and exert an influence; would show to a good advantage on the platform. You have great abilities, and should try to make the most of them.

A number of Replies to Correspondents have unavoidably been crowded out this month

THE

Phrenological Magazine.

MARCH, 1883.

CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE, BART., M.P.

S

IR CHARLES DILKE, who has just been elevated to the Presidency of the Board of Trade, shows an extraordinaryly good development of body and brain for a statesman of all-round capabilities. Few men are more favourably developed for an active life. He has deep lungs and great breathing power, and soon recruits when exhausted if he can get fresh air. He is well qualified to resist foreign or outside influences and diseases peculiar to changes of climate, diet, and exercise. He is well fortified on all sides; he has a high order of muscular power, which gives him great strength and power of endurance; hence his movements are such as indicate that when he takes hold of a task it will be finished.

The brain and mind, however, are the predominating powers of his organization. The brain is rather large when compared with the body, and it is well developed in every part, yet some parts of the brain are more fully developed than others. His head is particularly long and high. He has the occipital, or social brain, strongly represented, which makes him a family man, and decidedly social and permanent in all his domestic attachments; as well as very distinct in his love of home and country. The middle lobe of the brain is full in development, giving great tenacity of life, energy, and force of mind. He is generally industrious and economical without parsimony; is not so impulsive or excitable as not to know what he says and does; for, judging from the height of his head above the ears, self-government and presence of mind in times of danger and excitement are prominent powers of his mind:

The intellectual lobe of the brain is unusually large, giving great grasp of intellect and much versatility of talent. He has great power of observation, and more than common

VOL. IV.

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