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Graphic Syllables..

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.421 | General Rules for Figures.....448

Exercise

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SUBJECTIVE OUTLINE OF LANGUAGE.

First; Mood or Feeling, Passion, Emotion

Elements; Ultimate, Immediate, Intermediate

Idea, Notion, Description

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(Logical Use, Chapter II.

Thought

Definition

Nomenclature; Narrator, Narration, Narratee, Synthesis, Analysis

Uses Rhetorical Use, Constructive, Chapter III.; Ornamental, Chapter V.

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Grammatical Use, Chapter IV.

Mood

III. CLASSIFICATION

LANGUAGE,

SUBJECTIVELY AND ANALYTICALLY

PRESENTED.

CHAPTER I.

1. The Science of Language includes the Definitions, the General Nomenclature, and the Classification of Language.

I. Definitions.

The word, language,1 means some

2. First, the DEFINITIONS. thing made or done by the tongue. The term, LANGUAGE, is the name given to any means by which our moods or feelings, and our thoughts, are expressed, and, also, to the science and art of expressing them.

NOTE I. Why the term, language (tongue), is applied to all means by which our feelings and thoughts are made known, seems strange, when we consider how little the tongue, in comparison with other parts of the body, is used in expressing our feelings; and, also, that the tongue is used neither in sign language nor in written or recorded language.

But, when we consider the importance and necessity of the tongue in the enunciation and articulation of the sounds in spoken language, the origin of the term is apparent.

In the Bible, the term, tongue, is frequently used in place of the term, language. “And began to speak with other tongues as the Spirit gave

1 LANGUAGE. e, something; ag- act, done, made, produced; langu -- lingu, by or with the tongue. See Dictionary, lingual, linguist.

them utterance." "And how hear we every man in our own tongue wherein we were born." "Cretes and Arabians, we do hear them speak in our tongues." "To another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues."

NOTE II.-Every science has its essentials or that of which it treats, and the more familiar and extensive the student's knowledge of these essentials, the more easily and surely will he master the science itself.

Thus, the essentials of the science of astronomy are the "heavenly bodies" and their relations, and the student's previous familiarity with these is the true exponent of his subsequent mastery of the science of astronomy. Since Mood or Feeling, Ideas, and Thoughts are the essentials of Language, it follows that the student's familiarity with these essentials, as objects, must be the true exponent of his subsequent mastery of the science of language itself. Hence, we present language as all sciences should be presented in a First Course, which is Objectively or Synthetically arranged, and also in this Second Course, which is Subjectively or Analytically arranged. (See General Preface.)

The knowledge of the essentials of language which the student must possess in commencing the study of this work, is given in this chapter, under the head of General Nomenclature. The author, however, advises that the student's knowledge of these essentials should be made more extensive; and, hence, that he either becomes familiar with Chap. VI. before commencing this chapter, or that he has daily lessons in both until Chap. VI. is made familiar. While preparing their lessons, students should be directed to make themselves familiar with those paragraphs in Chap. VI., to which references are made in the preceding chapters.

II. General Nomenclature.

3. Second, the GENERAL NOMENCLATURE. The Names or Terms, used in Language generally, belong to the essentials of Language or to that which Language is used to express. They are; first, Mood or Feeling, Passion, Emotion; second, Element, Idea, Notion or Perception, Relation of Ideas, Group of Ideas, Thought.

Mood or Feeling.

4. The word, mood, means that which moves, excites. The word, feeling,' means continuing to move.

MOOD or FEELING is the name for a state or a condition of the mind.

Thus, we speak of a person as being in a pleasant or joyous mood, an unpleasant or sad mood, in an ordinary mood, in an extraordinary mood, &c.; pleasant feelings, sad feelings, &c.

1 FEELING, ing, continuing; feel, to move.

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