227. First Classification. According to their limitation, Tenses are divided into the Indefinite, and the Definite Tenses.

228. An INDEFINITE Tense is a tense which is not limited by a tense of the auxiliary verb, to have.

229. The Indefinite Tenses are the Present, the Indefinite Past or the Imperfect, and the Indefinite Future or the First Future.

230. A DEFINITE Tense is a tense which is limited by a tense of the auxiliary verb, to HAVE.

231. The Definite Tenses are the First Definite Past or the Perfect, the Second Definite Past or the Pluperfect, and the Definite Future or the Second Future.

232. Second Classification of Tenses. According to the time of the narration, Tenses are divided into three kinds; called, the Present, the Past, and the Future.

Present Tense.

LIT. DEF. The word, present,' means belonging to that which is before [us].

233. A PRESENT Tense is one in which the time of the event or action narrated occurs at the time of the narration.

Past Tenses.

2

LIT. DEF. The word, past, means that which has been received.

234. A PAST Tense is one in which the time of the event or action occurred before the time of the narration.

235. The Past Tenses are the Indefinite Past or the Imperfect, the First Definite Past or the Perfect Tense, and the Second Definite Past or the Pluperfect Tense.

PRESENT. ent, belonging to what; 8, is; pre prae, before [us], now. 2 PAST. t, -; pas pat, receive, endure, suffer.

Future Tenses.

LIT. DEF. The word, future,' means the state or condition of that which is about to be.

236. A FUTURE Tense is one in which the time of the event or action narrated will occur after the time of the narration.

237. The Future Tenses are the Indefinite Future or the First Future, and the Definite, Second, or Perfect Future Tense.

Indefinite Tenses.

Present Tense.

238. The PRESENT Tense is attributed to a verb when the time of the event or action narrated is the same as the time of the narration.

EXAMPLES.

1. Is he to be our guide? He is to be our guide. [Him to be our guide, is.]

Grammatical Analysis. Is is an irregular, intransitive, simple Verb; from the verb, to be; its principal parts are; to be, he was, being, been. Its attributes are; active, third

singular

indicative present Tense; Simple Interrogative. It is indefinite; because, it is not limited by a tense of the auxiliary verb, to have. It has the logical attribute, present Tense, because the time of the action or state of existence narrated is the same as the time of the narration. Be is a Verb; from the Verb, to be; its prin. parts are; to be, he was, being, been. It has the attributes, active no person, no number, infinite mode, present Tense. It is indefinite; because, etc. It has the logical attribute, present Tense, because, etc.

2. The boat, being ready, may now be loaded.

Parsing. Being is a Verb; from the Verb, parts are;

-; its prin.

It has the attributes, active, without person and number, participial mode, present Tense.

3. Rest in peace. Do rest yourselves here. Be seated in this chair. Let me assist you, if I can do so.

239. The Present Tense is used in all the Modes, as follows;

I FUTURE. 6, belonging to; tur, that will; fu, be, have been.

240. The Present Tense of the Infinitive Mode has the Simple and the Periphrastic Forms. Its Simple Form is the verb-root or first principal part of the Verb. Its Periphrastic Forms are made by using the third principal part in the Active, and the fourth principal part in the Passive, as the principal Verb, with the Infinitive Present of the Verb, to be, as an auxiliary; or, according to General Rule II.

It

Parsing. Be is -Verb; from -; its prin. parts are;-. has the attributes, active, no person, no number, infinitive, present Tense; Simple Form. It has the logical attribute, present Tense, because, etc.

Present Tense, Infinitive Mode, of the Verb, to be; Active Voice, Simple Form; TO BE (Here!); Passive Voice, (wanting). (See Conjugation of the Verb.)

Feel is, etc. It has the logical attribute, present Tense; because, etc. Present Tense, Infinitive Mode, of the Verb, to feel; Active Voice, Simple Form; TO FEEL (Here!); Periphrastic Form, TO BE FEELING; etc.

5. He ought to do the work. He ought to be doing the work. The work ought to be done by him.

241. The Present Tense of the Participial Mode has the Simple Form only. It is the third principal part of the Verb, and is made by suffixing ing to the verb

root.

Simple Forms. Active Voice.
Loving.

Being.

Doing.

6. The ship, being ready, went to sea. Wind, blowing a hurricane, is only air in motion.

Parsing. Being is

It has the logical attribute, present Tense. It is indefinite; because, etc.; it is present, because, etc. Present

Tense, Participial Mode of the Verb, to be; Active Voice, Simple Form, BEING (Here!); Passive, (wanting). (See Conjugation of the Verb.)

242. The Present Tense of the Indicative Mode has the Simple, the Emphatic, and the Periphrastic Forms. Its Simple form is the verb-root, with the person and number suffixes. Its Emphatic Form is made by using the verb-root as the principal Verb, with the Indicative Present of the Verb, to do, as an auxiliary; or, according to General Rule I. Its Periphrastics are made by using the third prin. part in the Active, and the fourth prin. part in the Passive, as the principal Verb, with the Indicative Present of the Verb, to be, as its auxiliary; or, according to General Rule II.

7. He is eating his food. Does he eat his food? Is his food eaten by him? Eats he his food?

Parsing. Is eating is an irreg., trans., comp. Verb; from ; its prin. parts are; It is active, third, singular, indicative, present

Tense, periphrastic form, responsive. It is indefinite; because, etc.; it is present, because, etc.

Here let the student give the Active and Passive Periphrastic Forms of the Verb, to EAT.

The Present Tense of the Imperative Mode.

243. The Present Tense of the Imperative Mode has the Simple, the Emphatic, and the Periphrastic Forms; and, also, a Compound Form. Its Simple Form is the verb-root. Its Emphatic Forms are made by using the verb-root as the principal Verb, with the Verb, to do, as an auxiliary; or, according to General Rule I. Its Periphrastic Forms are made by using the third prin. part in the Active, and the fourth prin. part in the Passive, as the principal Verb, with the Imperative Present of the Verb, to be, as its auxiliary; or, according to Rule II. Its Compound Form is made by using the Verb, to do, as an auxiliary with the Periphrastic Forms.

Simple and Emphatic Forms, of the Verb, to BE.

NOTE I. In order to enable the student to give the Tense of any Mode readily, the following contractions may be used ;—