Scit (tantum). Cascellius Aulus-See Notes, Ode ii. 11, 2. Aulus Cascellius was a celebrated juris-consult, and a well-known enemy of the triumvirs, B.C. 42. For the position of the words, see Notes on line 1. 372. Mediocribus-poëtis-A Grecism for mediocres poetas.

373. Columnae-See Notes, Sat. i 4, 71. Middling poetry will not repay the trouble of advertising. Everything, according to Horace, declares against a mediocrity in poetry.

874. Gratas-"pleasant." Symphonia

discors-"inharmonious music."

his productions.
1, 33.

Prematur-Cp. Epode

389. Intus is equivalent in scrinio. 390. Nescit vox missa reverti-Cp. Epist. i. 18, 71.

391. Cp. Epist. ii. 1, 126, &c. Silvestres homines-"the savage race of men." Cp. Sat. i. 3, 99, &c. Sacer interpresque deorum-"the priest and the interpreter of the gods." Cp. Virgil, Æn. vi. 645.

392. Victu faedo-The early race of men are fabled to have lived on acorns and raw

flesh like wild beasts. Orpheus-Cp. Ode i. 12, 6, &c.

394. Dictus et Amphion, &c.-Cp. Ode. 11. 2, and Epist. i. 18, 41. Arcissome MSS. give urbis. 396 Fuit haec sapientia quondam—“ for this, of old, was accounted wisdom."

375. Crassum nimis spissum "too thick." Sardo cum melle-Sardinia abound-iii. ed with bitter herbs. The honey was, therefore, in bad repute (Virgil, Ecl. 7, 41). That of Corsica was no better. Cp. Pliny, Hist. Nat. xxx. 4, 10. The best was obtained from Hybla in Sicily, and Hymettus in Greece. See Notes, Ode ii. 6, 14. Papaver-The seeds of the white poppy were roasted and mixed with honey as a dessert (Pliny, Hist. Nat. xix. 8, 53).

376. Offendunt-Mediocrity is intolerable in luxuries which may be dispensed with. Poterat duci (=produci)—“could be prolonged."

379. Cp. Epist. ii. 1, 114, &c. Campes tribus-used in the Campus Martius." See Notes, Ode i. 8, 4.

380. Pilae discive trochive-See Notes, Sat. ii. 2, 11.

381. Coronae spectatorum catervae-Cr. Epist. i. 18, 53.

382. Qui nescit (versus fingere) tamen, &c. -"though one is unable to compose verses well, still," &c. Quidni-"and why not?" is ironical, as well as what follows.

383. Liber, &c.-omni-"he is free, and of good family; above all, rated at an equestrian fortune, and far removed from every vice." A libertinus is a liber, though not ingenuus, which denotes one born of free parents. Census, the perf. part. of censeo, followed by Greek accusative. Some supply secundum or quod ad. Equestrem summam nummorum - See Notes, Epist. i 1, 58.

384. Vitioque remotus ab omni- - Cp. Epist. i. 7, 56.

385. Tu is emphatic. Invita-Minerva"without common sense," or "in defiance of natural ability." See Notes, Sat. ii. 2, 3. 386. Olim-"ever." See Notes, Ode ii. 10, 17.

887. Maeci-See Notes, Sat. 1. 10, 38. 388. Et nostras (=mei)—“ and of me,' who am your friend. Nonumque prematur in annum-Horace is here understood to refer to what Catullus (95) says of the Zmyrna of his friend, C. Helvíus Cinna, and to advise Piso not to be in haste to publish

180

898. Vago-"promiscuous." Cp. Sat. 1. 3, 109. Maritis-to those in the married state," i.e., both to husbands and wives, who were equally bound to preserve their chastity inviolate.

399. Leges incidere ligno -Laws were originally in verse, cut on tablets of wood, and hence styled žoves or xúgßus. Brazen plates were afterwards employed both among the Greeks and Romans.

400. Divinis Vatibus-Linus, Orpheus, Musæus, and others.

402. Tyrtaeus -See Notes on line 76. Mares animos-"manly spirits."

were expressed in verse," at Delphi. See 403. Dictae per carmina sortes-"oracles

Note on line 219.

404. Et vitae monstrata via est is descrip. Solon, Theognis, Phocylides, &c. tive of the didactic poetry of Hesiod, Gratia regum, &c., of the lyrics of Pindar, Simonides, Bacchylides, &c. RegumHiero, Theron, &c.

405. Pieriis-See Notes, Ode iii. 4, 40. Tentata-" was sought." Ludusque repertus, et longorum operum finis-" sports were introduced, and a festive termination to long continued labours," at the end of the year. The rustic Dionysia, at which dramatic pieces were first performed, were celebrated in December.

407. Lyrae solers-"skilled in the lyre." Cantor Apollo-Apollo Citharoedus.

410. Rude is equivalent to incultum. Nature and art must be combined to form a poet.

411. Et conjurat amice-" and conspires amicably to the same end." Conjuralconspirat.

412. Eminence in poety is not to be attained without great preparation, any more than excellence in running or music.

9, 16.
413. Puer-"when young." Cp. Ode i.
Sudavit et alsit-" has born the sul-
try heat and been pinched with cold."

414. Qui Pythia cantat tibicen- "the fluter who plays the Pythian air," commemorating the victory of Apollo over the Python. In Greek, the player was called IIudavans; the flute, avaos Пúbios; the air, Πυθικός νόμος, and Πυθικὸν αὐλήμα. Some would have it to mean merely the one who contends for the prize on the flute at the Pythian Games.

429. Pallescet super his (locis)-" he will grow pale over some passages." Some make super his equivalent to insuper, or praeterea, and connect it with what follows. Etiam stillabit amicis ex oculis rorem-" he will even cause the dew to trickle from his friendly_eyes." Cp. Epist. i. 19, 44.

xiv. 708. Tundet pede terram-Cp. Ode iii. 430. Rorem lacrymas, as in Ovid, Met.

18, 45.

416. Something more than self-praise and 431. Ut (illi) qui conducti plorant in flippancy is necessary to constitute a poet.funere-"as those hired to (lit. as those Nec-Some MSS. give nunc, and a few non who being hired) lament at a funeral." Qui or num. Poëmata pango-Cp. Epist. i conducti include all the hired mourners, not 18, 40. tures quae conductae, as the latter are spe merely the praeficae. Kirchmann conjeccially intended. There is no necessity however for a change, as the masculine includes the feminine.

417. Occupet extremum scabies-" plague take the hindmost," is a proverbial form of expression, like our "devil take the hindmost," and the Greek Yag' x: Zugaκόσιον. It was used by the boy who was foremost in the race. Cp. Epist. i. 1, 59. 418. Sane utique-"in truth," or "forsooth," is ironical.

419. Praeco-Præcones were used for various purposes, and among others for giving notice of sales by auction. See Notes, Sat. i. 6, 86. The best poet may derive advantage from the criticism of judicious friends (419-450). The wealthy, however, should beware of flatterers, as their

riches like præcones attract the self-inte

rested.

432. Plura dolentibus ex animo-"more than those who grieve from the heart," i.e., who sincerely grieve. Sic derisor vero plus laudatore movetur-"so the flatterer who laughs in his sleeve is more affected than the sincere applauder."

433. Derisor, gwv-Cp. Epist. 1. 18, 11. 434. Reges-Cp. Sat. i. 2, 80, and see Notes, Ode i. 4, 14. Urgere-"to ply." Culullis-See Notes, Ode i. 31, 11.

=

Cp. Epist. 1. 18, 38. Perspexisse-"to see 435. Torquere, Baravilsiv explorarethrough." Cp. tetigisse, line 98.

420. Assentatores-"flatterers." Ad lu437. Animi sub vulpe latentes -" minds crum ire-"to go to an advantageous bar-lying hid beneath the fox's skin"-dolosi et gain." 421. This line is borrowed from Sat. i 2, duplices-"deceitful and crafty flatterers." 13, as Sat. i. 4, 92 from Sat. i 2, 27, and Vulpes is here, as λng is sometimes, Epist. i. 1, 56 from Sat. i. 6, 74. for pellis vulpina; and λiwv for pellis leonina.

422. Si vero est-"but if he is one." Unctum qui recte ponere possit-"who can give a handsome dinner in good style." Unctum (convivium)-Cp. Epist. i. 15, 44. Ponere imponere mensis-Cp. Sat. ii. 6, 64, and 8, 91. Some understand convivam with unctum, as in Epist. i. 17, 12. This, however, would make ponere refer to the disposing of the guests on the couches of the banqueting-room, as in Ovid, Met. xiii. 638, positique tapetibus altis, a sense in which it

does not occur in Horace.

423. Et spondere levi pro paupere—and become security for a poor man, who has little (weight or) credit." Atris-"dismal," or "vexatious." Cp. Ode iv. 11, 35. 424. Mirabor, si sciet-Cp. Epist. i. 17, 26. Inter-Noscere-Cp. Sat. i. 2, 62, and Epist. ii. 2, 93.

425. Beatus "the happy man," satirically used for dives.

426. Donaris is for donaveris- A venal friend is not likely to be a good critic.

427. Nolito-"you should not," is future

imperative. Tibi factos-Cp. Epist. i. 16, 25.

Ducere-"introduce."

440. Bis terque-Cp. line 358. Frustra is to be joined with expertum, not with negares, as some would have it.

441. Male tornatos versus-"your badly boli masculi ex aere, torno politi. For tor turned verses." Cp. Vitruvius, x. 12, Eni natos, Guyet conjectures formatos, and Bentley ter natos. Incudi reddere-"to put under the anvil again," preparatory to their being re-turned.

442. Vertere mutare et corrigere-- See Notes, Sat. i. 10, 72.

444. Quin depends upon operam insumebat. Quin-amares-"to keep you from admiring." Sine rivali - The man who does what others are not willing to imitate, maywell be said to be without a rival. Rivales are properly those who live on the same

river, oμóppalgo, and hence rival suitors ἀντερασταί οἱ ἀντίζηλοι·

445. Vir bonus et prudens-"the honest | same as kill him." This, as Orelli observes, and skilful critic " Inertes-sine arte- is the only spondaic line in Horace. Occi"clumsy," or "slovenly." denti is a Grecism for cum occidente, or ac 446. Duros-"harsh," or "inharmonioccidens. Cp. ὁ ἄκοντα σώζων ταὐτὸ ous." Incomptis" inelegant," or "un- TOTT TORTEIVONTI 447. Transverso calamo-" by drawing his pen across." See Notes, Sat. ii. 3, 7. 450. Fiet Aristarchus-" he will become a second Aristarchus," L.e., an able and impartial critic, like the celebrated Alexandrian grammarian, B.C. 156, who criticised Homer.

polished."

451. Offendam-"annoy," lit., "strike against." Hae, &c-sinistre-" since these trifles will involve in serious mischief the man who has once been laughed at and ill received by the public."

453. Horace concludes, as in Epist. ii. 1, with a vivid picture of a mad poet. Mala scabies-"a leprosy." Morbus regius=morbus arquatus, xrgos "the jaundice," erroneously considered infectious, and so called because the patient was directed to live delicately, like a king or wealthy person. Cp. Celsus, iii. 24.

the first time that he has acted thus," ie., 468. Nec semel hoc fecit-"neither is it he has done this before, and will do it again.

469. Homo-"a reasonable being," ie., a person of sane mind.

470. Cur versus factitet-" why he is all the time making verses." Utrum minxerit in patrios cineres-" whether he has defiled his father's ashes," which were held sacred and inviolable among all nations.

471. An triste bidental moverit incestus"or with unhallowed hands has disturbed

some sad bidental." The bidental was a shrine or temple consecrated by the augurs, enclosing a place that had been struck by lightning (puteal). See Notes, Sat. ii. 6, 35. Such places were expiated by the sacrifice of a two-year-old sheep (bidens), and hence their name. The following cut represents the remains of a bidental at 454. Fanaticus error-"frantic madness" Pompeii, with the altar in the centre. The Sce Notes, Sat. ii. 3, 223. Fanaticus (fan-removal or disturbance of this sacred monu. um) is properly one who is inspired; fana- ment was deemed sacrilege. Moverit-Cp. ticum carmen, a prophecy; and fanatica Epode 17, 3. Incestus-Cp. Ode iii. 2, 30. arbor, a tree struck by lightning. Iracunda Diana-As Diana was identified with the moon (luna), those who were regarded as visited by her anger were styled lunatici. σεληνιακοί οι σεληνοβλήτοι·

"in lengthened tone."

Cp. pangor äüosv, Homer, Il. iii. 81.
460. Non sit, qui- Cp. Sat. ii. 5, 91.
Tollere Cp. Epist. i. 17, 61.

473. Objectos caveae-ciatnros nepa) Cp. Ode ii. 4, 13.-"the gratings that secure his den."" 474 Indoctum doctumque Cp. Epist. ii. 1, 117. Recitator acerbus-" the unmerciful rehearser."

462. An an non Prudens prudenter"intentionally," or "of his own accord."

465. Empedocles See Notes, Epist. i. 12, 20. Frigidus-"in cold blood," ie., deliberately and humorously opposed to

ardentem.

467. Idem facit occidenti-" does (lit., the same thing with one that kills him) the

475. Occiditque legendo-Cp. Epode 14, 5; and Sat. i. 3, 88.

476. Missura dimissura Hirudo, Gdia.aa. Supply sicut, which is usually omitted by Horace. Cp. Epode 1, 34.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

O., denotes Ode; E., Epode; S., Satire; Ep. Epistle; and A., Ars Poetica. The Roman Numerals indicate the Book; the first figures, the Ode, Epode, Satire, or Epistle; and the second, the line in which the Illustrations are

8. i. 2, 31 O. i. 20, 12 8. i. 5, 36 Ep. i. 11, 17 S. ii. 6, 105 O. 1. 20, 2 O. iv. 15, 30 O. iii. 30, 16 8. 1.4, 22 O. i. 2, 27 S. i. 1, 114 Ep. ii. 2, 215 S. i. 3, 92 S. i 5, 51 S. i. 1, 1 S. ii. 5, 53 Ep. i. 6, 40

E. 1, 34

A. 50

59; S. i. 8, 23

O. iii. 27,

O. i. 1, I

S. ii. 1, 47;

Ep. i. 17, 54

Ŏ. i. 31, 20

AURIGA,

BALTEUS,

BATILLUM,
BIDENS,

BIDENTAL,

BIPENNIS,
BULLA,
BURIS,

:::::::

S. ii. 3, 242 Ep. i. 1, 91 E. 17, 7 E. 4, 4 8. ii. 3, 25 O. fil. 19, 18 O. ii. 19, 29 O. i. 17, 14 O. i. 88, 2, 7 O. ii. 8, 16 O. ii. 1, 11 O. i 20, 12 S. i. 2, 31; 3, 127 S. i. 10, 6 S. ii. 3, 255 O. i. 20, 12 O. IL 3, 28

::::

O. ii. 16, 21; and S. ii. 6, 50