God? Who can choose but think he hath lived too long, that hath over-lived the testimonies of God's presence with his Church?

Yea, the very daughter-in-law of Eli, a woman, the wife of a lewd husband; when she was at once travailing (upon that tidings), and in that travail dying (to make up the full sum of God's judg ment upon that wicked house), as one insensible of the death of her father, of her husband, of herself, in comparison of this loss, calls her (then unseasonable) son Ichabod; and with her last breath, says, The glory is departed from Israel; the ark is taken. What cares she for a posterity, which should want the ark? What cares she for a son come into the world of Israel, when God was gone from it? And how willingly doth she depart from them, from whom God was departed! Not outward magnificence, not state, not wealth, not favour of the mighty, but the presence of God in his ordinances, is the glory of Israel; the subducing whereof is a greater judgment than destruction.

Oh Israel, worse now than no people! a thousand times more miserable than Philistines: those pagans went away triumphing with the ark of God, and victory; and leave the remnants of the chosen people to lament, that they once had a God.

Oh cruel and wicked indulgence, that is now found guilty of the death, not only of the priests and people, but of religion! Unjust mercy can never end in less than blood; and it were well, if only the body should have cause to complain of that kind cruelty.

1 Sam, ii, iii, in

CONTEMPLATIONS.

BOOK XII.

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE, MY SINGULAR GOOD LORD,

THE LORD HAY,

BARON OF SALEY, ONE OF HIS MAJESTY'S MOST HONOURABLE PRIVY COUNCIL.

RIGHT HONOURABLE:

UPON how just reason these my Contemplations go forth so late after their fellows, it were needless to give account to your Lordship, in whose train I had the honour, since my last, to pass both the Sea and the Tweed. All my private studies have gladly vailed to the public services of my sovereign master. No sooner could I recover the happiness of my quiet thoughts, than I renewed this my divine task; wherein I cannot but profess to place so much contentment, as that I wish not any other measure of my life than it. What is this, other than the exaltation of Isaac's delight, to walk forth into the pleasant fields of the Scriptures, and to meditate of nothing under heaven? Yea, what other than Jacob's sweet vision of angels, climbing up and down that sacred ladder, which God hath set between heaven and earth? Yea, to rise yet higher, what other than an imitation of holy Moses, in his conversing with God himself, on the Horeb of both Testaments? And if I may call your Lordship forth a little from your great affairs of court and state, to bless your eyes with this prospect, how happy shall you confess this change of objects! and how unwillingly shall you obtain leave of your thoughts, to return unto these sublunary employments!

Our last discourse left God's ark amongst the Philistines; now we return to see what it doth there, and to fetch it thence: wherein your Lordship shall find the revenges of God never so deadly, as when he gives most way unto men; the vain confidence of wickedness ending in a late repentance; the fearful plagues of a presumptuous sauciness with God, not prevented with the honesty of good intentions; the mercy of God accepting the services of an humble faithfulness in a meaner dress. From thence you shall see the dangerous issue of an affected innovation, although to the better; the errors of credulity and blind affection in the holiest governors, guilty of the people's discontentment; the stubborn headiness of a multitude that once finds the reins slack in their necks, not capable of any pause, but their own fall; the untrusty promises of a fair outside, and a plausible entrance, shutting up in a woeful disappointment. What do I fore

stall a discourse so full of choice? Your Lordship shall find every line useful; and shall willingly confess that the story of God can make a man not less wise than good.

Mine humble thankfulness knows not how to express itself otherwise, than in these kind of presents, and in my hearty prayers for the increase of your honour and happiness, which shall never be wanting from

Your Lordship's sincerely and

thankfully devoted,

JOSEPH HALL.

THE ARK AND DAGON.

IF men did not mistake God, they could not arise to such height of impiety. The acts of his just judgment are imputed to impotence: that God would send his ark captive to the Philistines, is so construed by them, as if he could not keep it. The wife of Phineas cried out, that glory was departed from Israel; the Philistines dare say in triumph, that glory is departed from the God of Israel.

The ark was not Israel's, but God's: this victory reaches higher than to men. Dagon had never so great a day, so many sacrifices, as now, that he seems to take the God of Israel prisoner: where should the captive be bestowed, but in custody of the victor? It is not love, but insult, that lodges the ark close beside Dagon. What a spectacle was this, to see uncircumcised Philistines laying their profane hands upon the testimony of God's presence! to see the glorious mercy-seat under the roof of an idol! to see the two cherubims spreading their wings under a false god!

Oh the deep and holy wisdom of the Almighty, which overreaches all the finite conceits of his creatures; who, while he seems most to neglect himself, fetches about most glory to his own name. He winks and sits still on purpose, to see what men would do, and is content to suffer indignity from his creature for a time, that he may be everlastingly magnified in his justice and power: that honour pleaseth God and men best, which is raised out of contempt.

The ark of God was not used to such porters. The Philistines carry it unto Ashdod, that the victory of Dagon may be more glorious. What pains superstition puts men unto, for the triumph of a false cause! And if profane Philistines can think it no toil to carry the ark where they should not, what a shame is it for us, if we do not gladly attend it where we should! How justly may God's truth scorn the imparity of our zeal!

If the Israelites did put confidence in the ark, can we marvel that the Philistines did put confidence in that power, which, as they thought, had conquered the ark? The less is ever subject unto the greater: what could they now think, but that heaven and earth were

theirs? Who shall stand out against them, when the God of Israel hath yielded? Security and presumption attend ever at the threshold of ruin.

God will let them sleep in this confidence; in the morning they shall find how vainly they have dreamed. Now they begin to find they have but gloried in their own plague, and overthrown nothing but their own peace. Dagon hath a house, when God hath but a tabernacle: it is no measuring of religion by outward glory. Into this house the proud Philistines come, the next morning, to congratulate unto their god, so great a captive, such divine spoils; and in their early devotions, to fall down before him, under whom the God of Israel was fallen; and lo, where they find their god, fallen down on the ground upon his face, before whom they thought both his prisoner and theirs: their god is forced to do that, which they should have done voluntarily; although God cast down that dumb rival of his for scorn, not for adoration. O ye foolish Philistines, could ye think that the same house could hold God and Dagon? Could ye think a senseless stone a fit companion and guardian for the living God? Had ye laid your Dagon upon his face prostrate before the ark, yet would not God have endured the indignity of such a lodging; but now that ye presume to set up your carved stone, equal to his cherubims, go read your folly in the floor of your temple, and know that he, which cast your god so low, can cast you lower.

The true God owes a shame to those, which will be making matches betwixt himself and Belial.

But this perhaps was only a mischance, or a neglect of attendance; lay to your hands, Ŏ ye Philistines, and raise up Dagon into his place. It is a miserable god that needs helping up: had ye not been more senseless than that stone, how could you choose but think, "How shall he raise us above our enemies, that cannot rise alone? How shall he establish us in the station of our peace, that cannot hold his own foot? If Dagon did give the foil unto the God of Israel, what power is it, that hath cast him upon his face, in his own temple?" It is just with God, that those which want grace shall want wit too: it is the power of superstition, to turn men into those stocks and stones which they worship: They that make them, are like unto them.

Doubtless, this first fall of Dagon was kept as secret, and excused as well as it might, and served rather for astonishment than conviction. There was more strangeness than horror in that accident; that whereas Dagon had wont to stand and the Philistines fall down, now Dagon fell down and the Philistines stood, and must become the patrons of their own god. Their god worships them upon his face, and craves more help from them, than ever he could give: but if their sottishness can digest this, all is well.

Dagon is set in his place; and now those hands are lift up to him, which helped to lift him up; and those faces are prostrate unto him, before whom he lay prostrate. Idolatry and superstition are not easily put out of countenance; but will the jealousy of the

true God put it up thus? Shall Dagon escape with a harmless fall? Surely, if they had let him lie still upon the pavement, perhaps that insensible statue had found no other revenge; but now, they will be advancing it to the rood-loft again, and affront God's ark with it, the event will shame them, and let them know how much God scorns a partner, either of his own making or theirs.

The morning is fittest for devotion; then do the Philistines flock to the temple of their god. What a shame is it for us to come late to ours! Although not so much piety as curiosity did now hasten their speed, to see what rest their Dagon was allowed to get in his own roof; and now behold their kind god is come to meet them in the way: some pieces of him salute their eyes upon the threshold. Dagon's head and hands over-run their fellows, to tell the Philistines how much they were mistaken in a god.

This second fall breaks the idol in pieces, and threats the same confusion to the worshippers of it. Easy warnings neglected end ever in destruction.

The head is for devising, the hand for execution: in these two powers of their god, did the Philistines chiefly trust; these are therefore laid under their fect, upon the threshold, that they might afar off see their vanity, and that, if they would, they might set their foot on that best piece of their god, whereon their heart

was set.

There was nothing wherein that idol resembled a man, but in his head and hands; the rest was but a scaly portraiture of a fish; God would therefore separate from this stone, that part which had mocked man, with the counterfeit of himself, that man might see what an unworthy lump he had matched with himself, and set up above himself. The just quarrel of God is bent upon those means and that parcel, which have dared to rob him of his glory.

How can the Philistines now miss the sight of their own folly? How can they be but enough convicted of their mad idolatry, to see their god lie broken to morsels, under their feet; every piece whereof proclaims the power of him that brake it, and the stupidity of those that adored it? Who would expect any other issue of this act, but to hear the Philistines say, "We now see how superstition hath blinded us :-Dagon is no god for us; our hearts shall never more rest upon a broken statue: that only true God, which hath beaten ours, shall challenge us by the right of conquest." -But here was none of this; rather a further degree of their dotage follows upon this palpable conviction: they cannot yet suspect that god whose head they may trample upon; but, instead of hating their Dagon, that lay broken upon their threshold, they honour the threshold, on which Dagon lay, and dare not set their foot on that place which was hallowed by the broken head and hands of their deity. Oh the obstinacy of idolatry; which, where it hath got hold of the heart, knows neither to blush nor yield, but rather gathers strength from that which might justly confound it!

The band of the Almighty, which moved them not in falling upon their god, falls now nearer them upon their persons, and