accused of questions of their law, but to have nothing laid to his charge worthy of death or of bonds. And when it was told me how that the Jews laid wait for the man. I sent straightway to thee, and gave commandment to his accusers also to say before thee what they had against him. Farewell.

Acts xxv, 1-7,9--15, 20, 21, 25-27. Now, when Festus was come into the province, after three days he ascended from Cesarea to Jerusalem. Then the high priest, and the chief of the Jews, informed him against Paul, and besought him, And desired favour against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem, laying wait in the way to kill him. But Festus answered, that Paul should be kept at Cesarea, and that he himself would depart shortly thither. Let them therefore, said he, which among you are able, go down with me, and accuse this man, if there be any wickedness in him. And when he had tarried among them more than ten days, he went down unto Cesarea; and the next day, sitting on the judgment-seat, commanded Paul to be brought. And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove: But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me? Then said Paul, I stand at Cesar's judgment-seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou very well knowest. For if I be an offender, or have committed any thing worthy of death, I refuse not to die: but if there be none of these things whereof these accuse me, no man may deliver mo unto them. I appeal unto Cesar. Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Cesar? unto Cesar shalt thou go. And after certain days king Agrippa and Bernice came unto Cesarea to salute Festus. And when they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul's cause unto the king, saying, There is a certain man left iu bonds by Felix; About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him. And because I doubted of such manner of questions, I asked him whether he would go to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these matters. But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might

send him to Cesar. But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and that he himself hath appealed to Augustus, I have determined to send him. Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord. Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I might have somewhat to write. For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him.

Acts xxviii, 17-20. And it came to pass, that, after three days. Paul called the chief of the Jews together: and when they were come together, he said unto them, Men and brethren, though I have committed nothing against the people or customs of our fathers, yet was I delivered prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans: Who, when they had examined me, would have let me go, because there was no cause of death in me. But when the Jews spake against it, I was constrained toappeal unto Cesar; not that I had ought to accuse my nation of. For this cause therefore have I called for you, to see you. and to speak with you: because that for the hope of Israel I am bound with this chain.

RIOTS.

Acts xviii, 15-17. But if it be a question of words, and names, and of your law, look ye to it; for I will be no judge of such

matters. And he drave them from

the judgment seat. Then all the Greeks took Sosthenes, the chief ruler of the Synagogue, and beat him before the judgment-seat: and Gallio cared for none of those things.

more

Acts xix, 29. 30, 32, 33, 39-41. And the whole city was filled with confusion: and having caught Gaius and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul's companions in travel, they rushed with one accord into the theatre. And when Paul would have entered in unto the people, the disciples suffered him not. Some there fore cried one thing, and some another: for the assembly was confused; and the part knew not wherefore they were come together. And they drew Alexander out of the multitude, the Jews putting him forward. And Alexander beckoned with the hand, and would have made his defence unto the people. But if ye inquire any thing concerning other matters, it shall be determined in a lawful assembly. For we are in danger to be called in question for this day's uproar, there being no cause whereby we

LAW SUITS TO BE AVOIDED.

Prov. xviii. 17. He that is first in his own cause seemeth just; but his neighbour cometh and searcheth him.

Matth. v, 25, 26. Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with him; lest at any time the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, andthou be cast into prison. Verily I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou hast paid the uttermost farthing.

Luke xii, 58, 59. When thou goest with thine adversary to the magistrate, as thou art in the way give diligence that thou mayest be delivered from him; lest he hale thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and the officer cast thee into prison. I tell thee, thou shalt not depart thence, till thou hast paid the very last mite.

1 Cor. vi, 1-7. Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints? Do ye not

know that the saints shall judge the world? and if the world shall

be judged by you, are ye unworthy to judge the smallest matters? Know ye not that we shall judge angels? how much more things that pertain to this life? If then ye have judgments of things pertaining to this life, set them to judge who are least esteemed in I speak to your the church. Is it so, that there is not shame. a wise man among you? no, not one that shall be able to judge his brethren? between brother goeth to law with brother, and that before the unbelievers. Now therefore there is utterly a fault among you, because ye go to law one with another: why do ye not rather take wrong? why do ye do not rather suffer yourselves to be defrauded?

But

king commanded Ebed-melech the Ethiopian, saying, Take from bence thirty men with thee, and take up Jeremiah the prophet out of the dungeon, before he die. So Ebed-melech took the men with him, and went into the house of the king under the treasury, and took thence old cast clouts and old rotten rags, and let them down by cords into the dungeon to Jeremiah. And Ebed-melech the Ethiopian said unto Jeremiah, Put now these old cast clouts and rotten rags under thine arm holes under the cords. And Jeremiah did so. So they drew up Jeremiah with cords, and took him up out of the dungeon: and Jeremial remained in the court of the prison.

Jer. xxxix, 13, 14. So Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard sent, and Nebusbasban, Rab-saris, and Nergal-sharezer, Rab-mag, and all the king of Babylon's princes; Even they sent, and took Jeremiah out of the court of the prison, and committed him unto Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, that he should carry him home: so he dwelt among the people.

Jer. lil, 31-33. And it came to pass, in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, in the five and twentieth day of the month, that Evil-merodach king of Babylon, in the first year of his reign, lifted up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah, and brought him forth out of prison, And spake kindly unto him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon, And changed his prison-garments; and he did continually eat bread before him all the days of his life.

Acts xil, 7, 11, 15-17. And, behold, the angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on

the side, and raised him up, say ing, Arise up quickly, And his chains fell off from his hands. And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a surely, that the Lord hath sent his angel, and hath delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews. And they said unto her. Thou art mad. But she constantly aflirmed that it was even so. Then said they, It is his angel. But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, and saw him, But he, they were astonished. beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought it out of the prison. And he sub. Go shew these things unto James, and to the

SCOURGING.

And

And the chief captain answered, With a great sum obtained I this freedom. And Paul said, But I was free-born. Then straightway they departed from him which should have examined him: and the chief captain also was afraid, after he knew that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

RETALIATION.

Lev. xxiv, 19 20. And if a man

cause a blemish in his neighbour, as he hath done, so shall it be done to him; Breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth: as he hath caused a blemish in a man, so shall it be done to him again. (See under ASSAULT, Page 337.)

FINE.

Exod. xxi. 30. If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS
AMONG THE JEWS.
STONING.

Lev. xxiv, 14. Bring forth him that hath cursed without the camp: and let all that heard him lay their hands upon his head, and let all the congregation stone him.

John vill, 7. So, when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said unto them. He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her.

Acts vii, 59. And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.

THE SWORD.

2 Sam. i, 15. And David called one of the young men, and said, Go near, and fall upon him. And he smote him that he died.

2 Sam. iv, 10. When one told

me, saying, Behold, Saul is dead, (thinking to have brought good tidings.) I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, who thought that I would have given him a reward for his tidings.

1 Kings ii, 25, 46. And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell upon him that he died. So Acts xxil, 25-29. And as they the king commanded Benaiah bound him with thongs, Paul said the son of Jehoiada; which went unto the centurion that stood by, out, and fell upon him, that he died: and the kingdom was stabIs it lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman, and uncon-lished in the hand of Solomon. demned? When the centurion heard that, he went and told the chief captain, saying, Take heed what thou doest: for this man is a Roman. Then the chief captain came, and said unto him, Tell me, art thou a Roman? He said, Yea.

Ps. cvi, 29-31. Thus they provoked him to anger with their inventions; and the plague brake Then stood up in upon them. Phinehas,and executed judgment: and so the plague was stayed, And that was counted unto him

POSTHUMOUS DISGRACE. Deut. xxi, 22, 23. And if a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be to be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree; His body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him that day; (for he that is hanged is accursed of God;) that thy land be not defiled, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inherit

ance.

Josh. x, 26. 27. And afterward Joshua smote them, and slew them, and hanged them on five trees; and they were hanging upon the trees until the evening. And it came to pass, at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and

cast them into the cave wherein they had been hid, and laid great stones in the cave's mouth, which remain until this very day.

Haman.

gallows, fifty cubits high, which Haman had made for Mordecal, who had spoken good for the king, standeth in the house of Then the king said, Hang him thereon. So they hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai. Then was the king's wrath pacified.

Esther ix, 13, 14. Then said Esther. If it please the king, let it be granted to the Jews which are in Shushan to do to-morrow also according unto this day's decree, and let Haman's ten sons be hanged upon the gallows. And the king commanded it so to be done: and the decree was given at Shushan; and they hanged Haman's ten sons.

BURNING ALIVE IN A FURNACE.

Nebuchadnezzar full of fury, and Dan. ill. 19-26, 29, 30. Then was the form of his visage was charg ed against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego: therefore he

MODES AMONG OTHER
NATIONS.
HANGING.

2 Sam. xxi, 8, 9. But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth, and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholath

ite: And he delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them in the hill before the LORD: and they fell all seven together, and were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, in the beginning of barley-harvest.

Esther V, 14. Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him Lot a gallows be made of fifty cubits high, and to-morrow speak thou unto the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon; then go thou in merrily with the king unto the banquet. And the thing pleased Haman; and he caused the gallows to be made.

Esther vii, 9, 10. And Harbonah, one of the chamberlains said be

should heat the furnace one seven times more than it was wont to be heated. And he commanded the most mighty men that were in his army to bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, and to cast them into the burning fiery furnace. Therefore, because the king's commandment was urgent, and the furnace exceeding hot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego. And these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, fell down bound into the midst of the burning fiery furnace. Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was astonied, and rose up in haste, and spake, and said unto his counsellors, Did not we cast three men bound into the

midst of the fire? They answered and said unto the king, True, () king. He answered and said, Lo,

I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt; and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God. Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning flery furnace, and spake, and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, ye servants of the most high God, come forth, and come hither. Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, came forth of the midst of the fire. Therefore 1 make a decree. That every peo855

ple, nation, and language, which speak any thing amiss against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, shall be cut in pieces, and their houses shall be made a dunghill; because there is no other God that can deliver after this sort. Then the king promoted Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-rego, in the province of Babylon.

EXPOSURE TO WILD BEASTS. Dan. vi. 16, 17. Then the king commanded. and they brought Daniel, and cast him into the den of lions. Now the king spake, and said unto Daniel, Thy God, whom thou servest continually, he will deliver thee. And a stone was brought, and laid upon the mouth of the den; and the king sealed it with his own signet, and with the signet of his lords, that the purpose might not be changed concerning Daniel.

CUTTING ASUNDER.

and said to the Chaldeans, The Dan. i, 5. The king answered thing is gone from me: if ye will not make known unto me the dream, with the interpretation thereof, ye shall be cut in pieces, and your houses shall be made a dunghill.

Luke xii, 46 The lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him, and at an hour when he is not aware, and

will cut him in sunder, and will appoint him his portion with the unbelievers.

Heb. xi, 37. They were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the sword.

I.

JUDGES OF ISRAEL. Judges iii, 9, 11, 15, 31. And when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, the LORD raised up a deliverer to the children of Israel, who delivered them, even Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother. And the land had rest forty years: and Othniel the son of Kenaz died. But when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, the LORD raised them up a deliverer, Ehud the son of

Gera, a Benjamite, a man left handed: and by him the children of Israel sent a present unto Eglon the king of Moab. And after him was Shamgar the son of Anath, which slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox-goad: and he also delivered Israel.

Judges iv, 4. And Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lapidoth, she judged Israel at that time. Judges vill, 28... And the country was in quietness forty years in the days of Gideon.

Judges X. 1-5. And after Abimelech, there arose to defend Israel, Tola the son of Puah, the

son of Dodo, a man of Issachar and he dwelt in Shamir, in mount Ephraim. And he judged Israel twenty and three years, and died, and was buried in Shamir. And after him arose Jair, a Gileadite, and judged Israel twenty and two years. And he had thirty sons that rode on thirty ass-colts, and they had thirty cities, which are called Havoth-jair unto this day, which are in the land of Gilead. And Jair died, and was buried in

Camon.

Judges xii, 7-14. And Jephthah Judged Israel six years: then died Jephthah the Gileadite, and was buried in one of the cities of Gilead. And after him Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel; And he had thirty sons, and thirty daughters, whom he sent abroad, and took in thirty daughters from abroad for his sons: and he judged Israel seven years. Then died Ibzan, and was buried at Beth-lehem. And after him Elon, a Zebulonite, judged Israel: and he judged Israel ten years. And Elon the Zebulonite died, and was buried in Aijalon, in the country of Ze

Judges xv, 20. And he [Samson] judged Israel in the days of the Philistines twenty years.

1 Sam. iv, 18..... And he [Eli] had judged Israel forty years.

1 Sam. vii, 15-17. And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. And he went from year to year in circuit to Bethel, and Gilal, and Mizpeh, and judged Israel in all those places. And his return was to Ramah; for there Israel and there he built an altar was his houso: and there he julged

unto the LORD.

1 Sam. viii, 1, 2. And it came to pass, when Samuel was old, that he made his sous judges over Israel. Now the name of his firstborn was Joel, and the name of his second Abiah: they were judges in Beer-sheba.

Acts xili, 20. And after that he gave unto them judges, about the space of four hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the prophet.

II. KINGS.

GOD REJECTED AS KING

came to

BY THE NATION. 1 Sam. viii 4-11, 14-22. Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and Samuel unto Ramah, And said unto him, Behold, thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways: now make us a king to judge us like all the nations. But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the LORD. And the LORD said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them. According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day, wherewith they have forsaken me, and

served other gods, so do they also unto thee. Now therefore hearken unto their voice: howbeit yet protest solemnly unto them, and shew them the manner of the king that shall reign over them. And Samuel told all the words of the LORD unto the people that asked of him a king. And he said, This will be the manner of the king that shall reign over you: And he will take your fields, and your vineyards, and your oliveyards, even the best of them, and give will take the tenth of your seed, and of your vineyards, and give to his officers, and to his servants. And he will take your men-ser

them to h's servants. And he

vants, and your maid-servants, and work. He will take the tenth of your goodliest young men, and your asses, and put them to his your sheep; and ye shall be his servants. And ye shall cry out in that day because of your king which ye shall have chosen you; and the LORD will not hear you in that day. Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel; and they said, Nay; but we will have a king over us; That wo also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight

our battles. And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he rehearsed them in the ears of the LORD. And the LORD said to Samuel, Hearken unto their voice, and make them a king. And Samuel said unto the men of

Israel, Go ye every man unto his

city.

1 Sam. x, 17-19. And Samuel called the people together unto the LORD to Mizpeh; And said unto the children of Israel, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I brought up Israel out of Egypt, and delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all kingdoms, and of them that oppressed you: And ye have this day rejected your God, who himself saved you out of all your adversities and your tribulations; and ye have said unto him, Nay, but set a king over us. Now therefore present yourselves before the LORD by your tribes, and by your thousands.

1 Sam. xii, 12, 13, 16, 18-20. And when ye saw that Nahash, the