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power of; to give the hand the mark of amity; hands also used in a variety of idioms, to "clap them" expressive of sudden feeling-to "lay them on,' to take hold of, or to impart healing, spiritual office, or gift-to lift or spread them the posture of prayer-to lift those of another to comfort him to lift them against one to rebel-to join them a sign of combination; left hand used with the right, in idiomatical expressions, denoting both sides-left handed persons noted for dexterity and precision of aim-right hand the symbol of power, and the place of honour. Bosom the seat of emotions, as joy, sorrow, etc.,-breast, smiting it, expressive of intense grief. Back, turning it the sign of forsaking-bowing it of servitude

a mark of mean disposition-winking with the eye a sign of evil intent, lighting up the eye dunoting begun or renewed attention; used as the symbol of intellect, reason, or opinion. Nose the means of breathing and the organ of smell, breathing of the nostrils metaphorically descriptive of divine wrath. Mouth used in speaking-opening it the sign of commencing a discourse-laying the hand on it a token of reverence-smiting on it an act of contemptuous anger. Lips used with a variety of epithets to express shades of character, as uncircumcised, flattering, lying, joyful, burning, unclean,etc., used in Proverbs, especially to point out vices and virtues of character. Teeth, the organs of mastication, gnashing them a sign of agony, gnashing with them a sign of rage-the principal-loins bound, and strengthened by the girdle, instrument of speech, like lips used with a variety of epithets denoting great diversity of character. Throat as the means of utterance compared in wicked men to a sepulchre-neck adorned with ornaments of needlework, chains of gold, etc., the seat of yoke, and the symbol of subordination-clasped in joy and grief, hard or stiff denoting obstinacy. Shoulder the seat of burden, badges of honour borne on it, as exemplified in Christ, on whose shoulder "the government shall be." Arm the natural symbol of strength-of flesh denoting weakness-hand used in a variety of idioms, as,at hand, near in time or space, "by the hand," -by means of, "into," or " in the hand," into or in the power of, "from the hand," from the

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expressive of lineage or descent. Heart the seat of emotion-to harden it, to persist in disobedience, to apply it, to devote oneself to study. Liver called glory in the Hebrew Scriptures; reins or kidneys, figuratively, the seat of feeling-bowels, used in many places of Scripture, where in modern language, heart would be employed. Thigh, putting the hand under it a form of oath. Knee, kneeling, token of obeisance to God or man-leg, foot, instruments of motion, therefore the symbol of personal action, purpose, etc.,-Feet used idiomatically in various ways; "under feet," token of subjection, "at the feet" close attendance on, or implied inferiority, "falling at another's" feet an act of homage.

ITS BOUNDARIES, ETC.,

CANAAN.

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PROMISE OF POSSESSION, Repeatedly given to Abraham and the Patriarchs, to Moses, Joshua, etc.. subsequent allusions to the same subject made by David, by the captives from Babylon, and by Stephen and Paul,-conditions of continued possession that the tribes should obey God and abstain from idolatry.

COMMISSION TO CONQUER THE LAND,

Given to Moses and renewed to Joshua,the aborigines to be expelled, gigantic in stature, given up to idolatry with other kindred sins, and falling under the judgment of

God, the expulsion accomplished by Israel under Moses and Joshua, acting under the Captain of the Lord's host,-prosecuted little by little, the original inhabitants who were spared being in the meantime placed under tribute,-the chosen people entering on the possession of cities which they had not built, and vineyards and oliveyards which they had not planted.

CHART FOR THE DIVISION OF THE COUNTRY.

Canaan proper, having the wilderness of Sin, etc., on the south, the great sea on the west, Lebanon on the north, and the Jordan on the east; the territory on the other side Jordan, having the Arnon on the south, the wilderness on the east, Hermon and Bashan on the north, and the Jordan on the west;the territory east of the Jordan conquered under Moses, and allocated to two and a half of the tribes, the rest by Joshua, and given to the remaining nine tribes and a half.

THE SEVERAL INHERITANCES,

Allocated to the several tribes and families for the most part or altogether by lot, and

to Joshua and Caleb in pursuance of special by Nebuchadnezzar who destroyed it, and promise. carried the people captive to Babylon.

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COVENANTS MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE,

Between God and man, between man and man,— ratified by oath and sacrifice, and sometimes written and sealed,-instanced in Abraham, and in the princes, levites, priests, and people of Israel, after the return fioni the captivity.

COVENANT OF SALT.

with Isaac and Jacob and with similar the promise of Canaan;-with Levi anent the promises; with Israel in the wilderness, and being established forever in the mediatorial priesthood. and with David-his throne reignof Messiah.

GOD FAITHFUL TO HIS COVENANT,

Evinced by his faithfulness, his mercy, his covenant an everlasting covenant.

THE OBLIGATION TO KEEP GOD'S COVENANT,

Manifest from the kindness displayed in them, the danger of violating them seen in the threatenings, and in the judgments he has often inflicted, instanced very frequently

Salt an emblem of incorruptibility, and per- in the history of the chosen people. petuity.

BLOOD OF THE COVENANT,

Flowed from the sacrifices which were slain in ratification,-illustrated by Moses at the national covenant made by Israel in the wilderness, and by Christ in the covenant of redemption.

HUMAN COVENANTS,

Often mentioned in scripture, and entered into
with great solemnity-instanced in those of
Abraham with Abimelech, Laban with
Jacob, Joshua with the tribes, Jonathan with
David, etc.

COVENANTS OF GOD WITH MEN,

MEN MAKING COVENANTS WITH GOD,

Mentioned especially in seasons of special solemnity, of providential judgments and of religious revival, instanced in Israel in view of the approaching death of Moses, in view of the death of Joshua, and in the days of Josiah.

THE NEW COVENANT,

Made in Christ with believers, so called to distinguish it from the old covenant of Sinni,spiritual and is founded on the better promises.

COVENANTS OF VARIOUS CHARACTERS.

Wonderful, made by God for his people, with Graciously revealed to successive saints with the beasts of the field, the fowls of the air, and their respective and appropriate promises, with the stones of the ground, ruinous those twice with Noah in reference to the flood:- which godless men make in their vain imwith Abraham, conveying the gift of the land agination with death and hell; unlawful, those of Canaan, and the promise of the seed,-which Israel made with heathen nations.

DIET AND DRESS.]

SYNOPSIS.

DIET AND DRESS.

HUNGER,

Suffered by Esau,-by the army of king Saul, by Jesus after his baptism, by Paul in Damascus and at other times,-voluntarily borne by Abraham's servant,-by Hannah,— and by king Saul in his last extremity.

FASTING IN CONNECTION WITH RELIGION,

Often observed by individuals, families, and communities, when observed to be in the right spirit of kindness to fellow-men, alms giving to the poor, etc., opposed to the fasting of the Pharisees.

FASTS BY DIVINE AUTHORITY,

Proclaimed by prophets and rulers in seasons of calamity, as in Joel, and Esther, in Nineveh,-sometimes proclaimed under pretence of piety, instanced in Jezebel,

EXTRAORDINARY FASTS,

Extending to forty days, Moses on the mount, Elijah on Horeb, and Jesus in the wilderness.

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[DIET AND DRESS

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Provided on occasions of joy,-as marriages, birthdays, etc., often referred to in the figura tive language of the sacred writers, as emblems of divine blessings-instanced in that provided by Solomon for his servants; by Samuel for Saul; by Belshazzar for his lords and captains, etc.-invitations to feasts sometimes issued, of which our Lord advises that on receiving and using them the guests should study humility in selecting the lower seats.

DRESS.

First felt to be necessary by Adam and Evefig-leaves-the skins of animals slain in sacrifice, etc.

COLOURS OF DRESS.

Significant; white, of felicity, purity, and glory; purple, of royalty; hence in mockery one was put upon Jesus by Pilate; black, of mourning, as metaphorically expressed by covering the heavens with blackness; various coloured, of honour; usually, though not exclusively worn by kings' daughters, and also instanced in the coat which Jacob gave to Joseph.

MATERIALS OF DRESS.

Wool, flax, silk, etc.; soft raiment-fine linen, embroidered garments-coarser being worn by the poor.

SPECIAL DRESSES,

Worn on special occasions-the names given to them expressive, such as the garments of widowhood, prison garments, wedding garments, bridal attire, swaddling clothes, etc.

JEWISH CLOTHING,

Made up of two robes; the first or inner, termed the coat or tunic; the second or outer, termed the clook, which being gathered up formed the lap or bosom, on its being laid aside, the person

[DISEASE AND DEATH

said to be naked, as David when he danced before the ark, and Simon Peter when Jesus came to him at the lake of Tiberias.

VARIOUS OTHER PARTS OF DRESS.

The head dress, girdle made of linen, leather. silk, etc., wrapped round the loins, for the double purpose of tucking up the loose gar ments, and for strengthening the loins, which form the weakest part of the body; hence the emblem of power or strength. To gird up the loins descriptive of readiness for travel, preparedness for labour, and emblematical of preparedness for Christ's coming shoes or sandals, generally consisting only of soles tied over the foot with a latchet, put off on entering houses, and sometimes on other occasions in token of reverence, and untying of which was assigned to the lowest servantsthe veil, important part of the female dress, used not only for covering the face, but for carrying objects, instauced in Rebekah and Ruth-ornaments consisting of rings, bracelets, earrings, jewels, worn by females, as were also used a profusion of pertumes of myrrh, etc.

DRESS IN MOURNING AND SORROW.

Strictly attended to, ornaments laid aside, or a rent made in the outer robe, instanced in Reuben in not finding Joseph, in Joshua and Caleb on hearing the report of the other spies, etc.,-sackcloth put on, and dust cast upon the head as in case of Job and his friends, etc.

CHANGES OF RAIMENT

Often referred to and frequently mentioned as given or sent in presents, as Joseph to his brethren, Naaman to Elisha, etc., implying washing, instauced in Israel when the law was about to be given from Mount Sinai, also the laying up of clothing, stated to be sometimes motheaten in the wardrobe.

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DISEASE AND DEATH.

DISEASE.

The token of sin, often painful, as instanced in Job and Hezekiah, sent by God, who gives comfort and hope under it,-affliction sometimes not improved.

ADVANTAGES OF AFFLICTION.

DISEASES VERY DIVERSIFIED.

Expressed in Scripture more generally by sickness and leanness, more particularly according to their specific nature as ague, boils, blindness, consumption, deafness, debility, demoniacal po-session, dumbness, dysentery, emerods, epilepsy, fever, fractures, gout, itch, The afflicted person humbling himself, open-inflammation, issue, lameness, leprosy, loss of ing his heart to discipline, seeing the hand of God in his trouble, being more impressed with the evil of sin and experiencing that purification which is compared to silver refined in the fire.

appetite, lunacy, monomania, mortification, palsy, plague, skin disease, ulcers, worms.

LAW OF LEPROSY.

Priest being judge of the symptoms.

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The ordinary mode of disposing of the dead illustrated in every part of Scripture-body sometimes burned, as that of Saul and his sons-non-burial regarded as a disgrace, and sometimes a punishment.

MOURNING FOR THE DEAD,

SHORTNESS AND UNCERTAINTY OF LIFE, Illustrated by many emblems and comparisons-as a pilgrimage, a sojourn, a step, a handbreadth, and described as swifter than a post, a Strictly attended to-instanced in the death few days, a few years, grass, a flower, etc.-1ts of Sarah, Aaron, Moses, etc.; very frequently frailty appearing from many images and by hired mourners or minstrels, referred to figures-as when man is said to be dwelling in by Jeremiah; cutting for dead forbidden; and a cottage of clay, to be crushed before the moth, mourning forbidden to the high-priest, or to etc.-Teaching us to be watchful, to be redeem-such as were under the vow of a Nazarite. ing the time; to be preparing for death.

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