Harry Pidgeon and the 34-foot yawl, built with his own hands, in which he made his solitary voyage around the world

Stevenson's South Sea tales. These awakened in him a spirit to see the South Seas, to sail the oceans of the world. It

was the spirit of Tusitala that made him start to build, in 1918, a boat in which he could sail the South Seas, and which sent him out of Los Angeles Harbor some four years ago in the little Islander knowing nothing of what lay before him, but bound to the South Seas, just the same; and it was that same spirit which brought him safely back four years later after having circumnavigated the globe in the smallest vessel ever to gird the earth. At first, he says, he only intended to cruise among the islands of the South Pacific, but, having started and got asp far as the Fiji group, he decided to keep on and come home around the world.

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In building the Islander Pidgeon fol lowed the lines of the little 25-foot Seabird in which Thomas Fleming Day crossed the Atlantic in 1910, but ena larged her nine feet, so that she measured 34 feet over all. Sailing from Los Anna geles November 18, 1921, on his Greate Adventure, he headed for the Marquesas Islands, where Stevenson first saw thesh South Seas. From there he kept on westward to New Guinea, crossed the Indian Ocean to South Africa, rounded. the stormy Cape of Good Hope in the in heaviest weather of the whole voyaget: stretched across the South Atlantic to the Caribbean Sea, and after passing through the Panama Canal made his largest sin gle leg to Los Angeles. This part of the voyage took him 89 days. Throughout the long voyage of 35,000 miles, which took 1,442 days, the skipper of the Islander was alone on board his little craft.

Pidgeon himself is one of the most casual, unassuming persons imaginable. One gets this when he talks of his long 0 voyage alone in the little ship with the comment that "nothing really happened. I struck plenty of bad weather, of course, G but I just reefed her down and kept sail-w ing along with the wind abeam. When I hove her to she rode it out in great style."

In recognition of this achievement the Cruising Club of America has awarded to Pidgeon its Blue Water Medal for 1925. This medal is given annually for the year's most meritorious example of seamanship from among the amateur sailors of all nations. It was founded with the thought that it might prove an incentive for carrying on the spirit of adventure and upholding the best trad Itions of the sea that are our heritage

from the past. It has already been awarded to a Frenchman, Alain Gerbault; a Dane, Axel Ingwersen; and now to an American, Harry Pidgeon.

The Winner of the
Huxley Medal

OR the second time an American has

Fo

won the highest British honor for research in anthropology, the Huxley Memorial Medal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. The American thus distinguished is Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, Curator of Physical Anthropology in the National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Dr. Hrdlicka will go to London in November, 1927, to deliver the Huxley Lecture before the Institute and to receive the medal.

The other American who won the Huxley medal. is Professor William Z. Ripley, of Harvard University. That was in 1908. The award has three times gone to French scientists, once to a GerIman, once to a Swede. The other winEners during the twenty-six years since the award was inaugurated have been British scientists.

Dr. Hrdlicka, a Bohemian by birth, has been active for more than thirty years in American anthropological investigations. He has worked in most of the

States of the Union where ancient man

existed, and is one of the outstanding authorities on the anthropology of the original inhabitants of this continent. His work, however, has not been confined to America. As long ago as 1898, he was in charge of physical anthropology for the Hyde expeditions. He has worked in most of the countries of Europe, Egypt, China, Japan, Korea, Argentina, Peru, Mexico, Siberia, Mongolia, and elsewhere. He recently completed a 50,000-mile journey over nearly half the globe to survey sites of ancient peoples.

Getting into Accord -with Mexico

S EVERAL significant and hopeful things

have occurred recently in the efforts making by a number of agencies to iron the irritating wrinkles out of the American-Mexican situation.

I The State Department at Washington recently made public without comment ten notes comprising official correspondence between the two Governments concerning Mexican land and oil laws which this Government was disposed to look upon as retroactive and confiscatory. As the correspondence progressed it showed

general claims, one sitting in Washington and the other in Mexico City, one concerning itself with claims of whatever date and the other with claims of the

revolutionary period, have made gratifying progress. A decision was recently announced to the effect that the present Mexican Government is responsible for damage done to American citizens during the "spurious government" of Huerta. All routine acts by and in behalf of a Government even under an illegal administration, the Commission holds, are binding upon the nation. The Huerta administration, it is said, came into power "through force by methods abhorrent to the standards of modern civilization," and non-recognition of Huerta's Government by the United States did not affect either Mexico's liability or the right of the United States to espouse claims. The broad principle is laid down that, under international law, aliens may enjoy rights and remedies which the nation does not accord to its own citizens.

With the gratifying phases are some, which may arouse a measure of apprehension. Unofficial news comes from Mexico City that the Attorney-General is preparing to press a claim against the United States for several million dollars

based on the contention of the Madero family that Henry Lane Wilson, while United States Ambassador to Mexico, was responsible for the assassination of President Madero. Americans will hardly concede that anything of this kind is true. Some Americans, it is true, regarded Ambassador Wilson's actions at that time as over-zealous; but it must be remembered that it was a time of anarchy, that Americans in Mexico City had the protection of neither the Mexican Government nor the revolutionaries, and that according to international law and custom ambassadors under such circumstances have grave responsibility for the safety of the people whose interests they are charged with defending. In the light of such facts as are now known, it is not credible that the Mexican Government will seriously press any such claim as that reported.

Missionaries to Christian Countries

W

HAT are American Methodist bishops doing in Europe, anyway? Are France and Scandinavia and Switzerland heathen countries? Is it any part of the missionary work of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States to maintain missionary bishops in other Christian countries?

These questions were raised and hotly debated by the lay delegates to the New York Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, recently in session in New York. The recent conviction in Copenhagen of Bishop Bast, upon which The Outlook commented last week, was the immediate cause of the discussion.

Charles P. McClellan, of Dobbs Ferry, formerly a State Senator, introduced a resolution requesting the Board of Bishops to recall the three bishops now stationed in Europe. He asserted that the assignment of these men abroad was "a mistake in each instance," and that keeping them there was a constant source of annoyance. He referred not only to troubles in which Bishop Bast had involved himself and the Church, but to annoyances in connection with the work of the other two. He recalled that a year ago Bishop Blake, resident in Paris, had brought considerable criticism on the Church because it was alleged that he had gone to Russia, aided the Soviet "Living Church," and solicited money in America to aid it. The other American Methodist bishop in Europe is Bishop Nuelson, resident in Zurich. Mr. Mc

lations between nations, and that the more the news services between the United States and Latin America are extended, the better will be their understanding of one another.

The New Library at Athens

TH

HE combined generosity of Dr. Joannes Gennadius, the Carnegie Corporation, and the Greek Government is responsible for the forthcoming dedication of the new Gennadeion Library at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. In 1922 Dr. Gennadius, dean of the diplomatic service of Greece, and for forty years Greek Minister at the Court of St. James's, presented the School with a library of nearly 50,000 items, all relating to the cultural history of Greece ancient, Byzantine, modern

on condition that it be properly housed, cared for, and made accessible to the scholars of the world who resort to Athens for study.

The library, which has been transported to Athens from Dr. Gennadius's

residence in London, is considered in England to be "without its equal in the world," and was recently appraised by Mr. Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Conigress, as "uniquely comprehensive in its

field." An appropriate site of land, on the slopes of Mount Lycabettus, adjacent to the grounds of the School, was made available by the Greek Government without cost to the School, and a grant of $250,000 was made by the Carnegie Corporation for the erection of a suitable building. Ground was broken on May 1, 1923, and work has steadily progressed under the direction of the architectural firm of Van Pelt and Thompson, of New York City. The structure comprises a main building, in which the library is housed, and two residential wings, connected with it by colonnades. The entire group, which is done in white marble quarried on the island of Naxos, recalls the architectural magnificence of classical Greece.

Fifty-five American institutions of learning have sent representatives to Athens to be present at the dedication on April 27.

I advance, follow me; if I retreat, kill me; if I die, avenge me." In Tripoli he declared, "This is a day that will go down in history," and again, "No one can stop our inexorable will."

Another practice which keeps his admirers on the qui vive of excitement is the mystery in his allusions to events of the near future when Italy's great destiny shall be fulfilled. This might mean anything, and has been interpreted to mean much more than Mussolini likes, so he is now beginning to guard his intimations from specific interpretation, as when, after a glowing picture of the future of Italy's colonies, he added, "But I refer only to the colonies we possess."

Not since the Kaiser used to fire the German heart by references to the mailed hand and the iron will of Germany has any leader talked so aggressively. And the inspired "Tribuna" asserts that when the time is ripe the Duce will proclaim his new goal. Fortunately, no one believes that the Italian Dictator means to start a war; what he does mean is to keep Fascist enthusiasm stirred up continually and to ride the wave of national glory to imperial power.

One benefit that the voyage to "Libya" (note the play-actor shrewdness in

the use of the ancient name) and the lunatical or fanatical attack upon Mussolini have brought to him is to distract attention from some unpleasant features of the Fascist rule. Just before these events an honored anti-Fascist leader died in Switzerland from injuries inflicted by Fascists long ago. In Rome In Rome this month an Italian Socialist leader was attacked and wounded because he acted as counsel for Matteotti. In Milan, cable reports state, two anti-Fascist newspaper offices were wrecked and the staff beaten or wounded. From other districts come reports of the burning of houses and shops and the beating of occupants of anti-Fascist tendencies.

Mussolini, who has brought order and self-respect to Italy, has been described with truth as appealing to the youth of Italy as a daring and impetuous patriotic figure. Garibaldi was all that also he was a lover of liberty.

China Changing Rulers Again THE HE saying that "the more things change, the more they are the same," applies particularly well to China. Rapid developments are realigning the rival forces in the Chinese civil war. But the actors are all familiar characters.

General Wu Pei-fu, of Central China, evidently has put himself again in position to control the situation at the capital, at least for the present. The commanders of the opposing Peking armies have offered to accept his leadership. They have forced the Chief Executive to resign, leaving China temporarily without an administration. But General Wu has refused to heed their invitation to come to Peking and take charge, demanding instead their unconditional surrender and resignation and continuing his attack.

Other forces from Shantung and Manchuria have been advancing toward Peking from the east and north. They recognize the leadership of Marshal Chang Tso-lin of Manchuria. Rumor has had it that Marshal Chang and General Wu were acting together. No one knowing their long-standing hostility could believe an alliance between them to be really firm. Nevertheless their representatives have kept in touch in an endeavor to reach an understanding on the division of territory and authority.

The Peking armies hitherto have owed allegiance to General Feng Yu-hsiang, of

Chihli, known as China's "Christian General." His position in the crisis has been uncertain. He has been variously reported to have gone to Urga in Mongolia, where the Government is controlled by Soviet agents, to be planning a trip to Russia, and to have returned to

Peking to take a hand in events there. General Feng has safely withdrawn his own well-disciplined forces from the dan

Wide World

ger area around the capital. He is in no sense to be counted out of the situation. On the contrary, he is still likely to prove a formidable and perhaps a determining factor in the settlement of Chinese affairs. The fact that generals friendly to him have taken part in the offer to yield command at Peking to General Wu suggests that General Feng himself may be behind the whole move..

The foreign diplomats and the delegates to the Chinese tariff and extraterritoriality conferences must mark time, waiting the formation of a new Government. But if the past can be taken as

any indication, the return of General Wu to control at Peking would mean an atmosphere friendly to American and British interests.

is a generation since the bicycle furnished a traffic problem in America. Few now remember the century runners and "scorchers" who imperiled pedestrians. The "bike" has given way to that more majestic congester-the automobile. Yet it now furnishes a puzzle for the authorities in Tokyo, through whose narrow streets half a million bicycle riders daily strive to make their way. Note this burning complaint of the results taken from the "Japan Advertiser:"

"Apparently they believe themselves to be immune from the signals of the traffic police, and dart under an arm stretched out to bar their path or veer suddenly from the left to the right side of the road only a few feet in front of a swiftly moving automobile. Pedestrians, too, pay no attention to where any one else or even themselves may be going, but they do not constitute as great a menace as bicycles, because of the slower pace at which they proceed."

N commenting on Mr. Morganthau's warning to the Filipinos that if they get from under the wing of the United States they would fall under the control of Japan or Great Britain, the "Nation" asks why the answer is not neutralization of the islands after the manner of Switzerland. Of course that would mean that the Filipinos would have to acquire a set of Alps. So we ask in turn why the "Nation" should not go further. There are no suckers like the sophisticated. Let the "Nation" start an "Alps-for-thePhilippines" fund.

F a poll to decide the best-liked Americans were imaginable, it is more than possible that the highest honors would fall, not to eminent statesmen or financiers, but to men like Thomas Edison and Luther Burbank, and that not so much because of the marvels they have wrought as because of their infinite patience in seeking knowledge and the general benefit therefrom.

Luther Burbank himself, it has been