PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. State fully all the scientific grounds for the belief in the early igneous fluidity of the earth.

2. Give the mineral constituents of as many of the named varieties of Igneous rocks as you can.

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3. Explain clearly how the relative ages of groups rocks are determined; the significance of, and the causes which produce "unconformities," and what value should really be given to them when discussing the boundaries of "Formations."

4. State the geometric and the optical characters by which minerals may be recognised as belonging to each of the systems of crystallization, and explain the exact methods of observing them.

5. Give the formulæ, per-centage compositions, and oxygen ratios of the chief Felspars, and state the characters by which the other commoner constituent minerals of Igneous rocks may be recognised.

STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY AND PALÆONTOLOGY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Write down in order of superposition the chier varieties of Archæan or Azoic unmetamorphosed Rocks with the peculiar characteristics of each, and how they may be distinguished from metamorphic rocks. Also write down the more generally-adopted "systems" or larger groups of fossiliferous Rocks.

2. Define as many genera of Fossils as you can, distinguishing Silurian rocks from the Devonian, the Devonian from the Carboniferous, and the Carboniferous from those of the Permian age.

3. At how many geological periods have coal beds been formed of workable value, and by what genera of fossils might they be discriminated?

4. Define as many genera as you can characteristic of the Wealden Period, and support by fossil evidence the views of Agassiz, and his opponents for and against the relations of the Neocomian to the Wealden and to the Cretaceous periods.

5. What geological formations are indicated by (a) Lepidodendron, (b) Leptana, (c) Mosasaurus, (d) Hemipneustes, (e) Trinucleus respectively? Define each of them.

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FINAL HONOUR EXAMINATION IN LAWS.

INTERNATIONAL LAW.

The Board of Examiners.

Wherever possible, give the reasons for your answer. 1. Contrast the Jus Feciale with the rules of modern International Law.

2. What was the Silesian Loan controversy? What were the circumstances giving rise thereto, and what were the contentions of the opposing parties?

3. Give instances shewing the effect of the expansion of trade and commerce upon the rules of International Law.

4. During the American Civil War a British vessel, with a cargo of contraband goods, was captured by a United States cruiser when on a voyage from London to Matamoras, a neutral port on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande. The goods were claimed by the owners, and condemnation of the cargo was in the Prize Court asked for, on the ground that the goods were to be carried on lighters up the river, and then transported into the territory of the Confederate States. In your opinion what was the result of the trial?

5. In the year 1800 the plaintiff effected in England a policy of insurance on some property lying at Rotterdam, which was to be shipped on board a neutral vessel and consigned to the plaintiff's

agents in England. The policy was effected, and the consignment made after the outbreak of war between Great Britain and Holland. On her voyage to England the ship was captured by a French vessel (Great Britain and France being then at war), and her cargo condemned. The plaintiff then sought to recover on the policy. In your opinion what was the result of the action?

6. To what extent did the Naturalization Act 1870 alter the previously existing law?

7. The plaintiff recovered a judgment against the defendant in New South Wales, and sued upon such judgment in Victoria. The defendant pleaded that since the judgment obtained his estate had been sequestrated under the Insolvency Law of New South Wales, and that he was thereby discharged from all liability in that colony. Assuming the whole of the facts stated in this plea to be true, is it a good defence to the action in Victoria ?

8. State whether in your opinion the Supreme Court of Victoria has jurisdiction to make a foreclosure decree where the mortgagor and mortgagee reside in Victoria, but the land subject to the mortgage is situate in New Zealand?

9. An action is brought in England to enforce a foreign judgment. Can the defendant raise the defence that the judgment was obtained by the fraud of the plaintiff when the fraud alleged is such that it cannot be proved without retrying the question adjudicated upon by the foreign

court?

10. A bill of exchange, drawn in England and payable in Spain, was indorsed in England by the defendant to the plaintiff, who indorsed it to M., residing in Spain. Acceptance having been refused, a delay of twelve days occurred before M. wrote to inform the plaintiff of the dishonour. On receipt from M. of the notice of dishonour, the plaintiff gave immediate notice to the defendant. No notice of dishonour by nonacceptance is required by the law of Spain. Was the plaintiff entitled to recover the amount of the bill?

THE LAW OF WRONGS.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Give a short sketch of the history and limits of the English classification of wrongs. How does Professor Pollock classify them?

2. What is the extent of the liability of a person who has taken in hand the conduct of anything requiring special skill and knowledge?

3. (a) A horse escapes into a public road and kicks a man who is lawfully on the road.

(b) A horse, by reason of a defective gate, strays into an adjoining field where there are other horses and kicks one of them.

What must the injured man, in the one case, and the owner of the injured horse, in the other, prove to support an action for damages?