(allowing that he has managed to evade the penalty of the law of the land) he too, in the loss of the esteem of his fellow-men, and in the stings of conscience, pays high fees for his dearly-bought experience.

And again: we all know more or less of the laws of our bodily frame. How wonderfully bone and muscle, nerve and vein, are built up into organs, such as lungs, stomach, heart, and brain. Each has its own functions to perform, for which it needs its due supply of air or food or exercise; and these, given in due quantity and fitting kind, as a rule, health and vigour are the result.

Yet how frequently do we see some, in defiance of the known laws of our bodies, indulging in habits of eating and drinking, of sloth and filth and then, in shattered bodies, in enfeebled brains, and, it may be, in racking pains or delirious torments, do we see them, too, paying the high fees of Experience.

But some of you are now ready to say: All this may be very true of a person, once; but that surely no one would pay such fees as we have named twice over. We could wish you were right; but we know otherwise. This is one of the most important lessons of this book, that when one has long failed to listen to reason and reasonable authority, he at last becomes too weak to receive the lessons of experience. He pays the heavy fee again and again, but he fails to become either wiser or better. This sad truth every prison, lunatic asylum, and poor-house would confirm.

M

You are young now, and may learn in a much cheaper and more pleasant school than that to which we have referred. Read the eighth chapter of the Proverbs of Solomon, and accept the Divine lessons there given: "Hear instruction and be wise, and refuse it not. Blessed is the man that heareth me (Wisdom), watching daily at my doors. For whoso

findeth me findeth life, and shall obtain favour of the Lord. But he that sinneth against me wrongeth his own soul: all they that hate me love death."

Home Exercise.-1. Define experience, liberty, wisdom, sloth, maxim, and prison. 2. Give the account of how Christian and Hopeful fell into the hands of Giant Despair. 3. Give some illustration of the teaching of experience.

MANY changes I have seen,

Over many lands I've been,

And I've learnèd many things in my time.
I never knew a knave

Who went happy to his grave,

Or reach'd the mountain-top he meant to climb.

Though I've travell'd far and wide,
And have waited time and tide,
I never knew dishonesty to win;
Or a heart, however hard,

From all sympathy debarr'd,

Or that kindness could not touch and enter in.

Never yet in all my round,

Though I've sought him, have I found A selfish man contented with his gold; Or the children of the just

Lying homeless in the dust,

Without a friend to shield them from the cold.

Never yet could I discern,

Though I've struggled hard to learn,

That the rich could bolt out sorrow from the

door;

Or that wisdom, very wise

In its own and other's eyes

Did not nurse some little folly at the core.

Never yet I knew a man

Who made other's good his plan,

Who was not overpaid in peace of mind;

Nor a worshipper of self,

And a scraper-up of pelf

Whose treasures were not scatter'd to the wind.

Home Exercise.-1. Learn the first two stanzas. 2. Paraphrase the third stanza. 3. Parse the first three lines.

SOME persons think that all bodies are naturally at rest. This, however, is quite a mistake. A state of motion is quite as natural as a state of rest. Matter is strictly inert; that is, if put into motion, it will continue moving until something stops it; if at rest, it will never put itself into motion.

We must also bear in mind that our ordinary use of the terms rest and motion, is relative and not absolute. In fact, we know of nothing in a state of absolute rest. You may suppose that as I write, it is my hand alone that is in motion. This too is a mistake. The earth is revolving on its axis, and is carrying my whole body with it, at the rate of about 700 miles an hour. Then the earth is moving about the sun with a far higher velocity than this.

Hence, when we speak of a body as in a state of rest, it is to be understood that we mean it has no motion apart from what it has in common with the earth. And it is in this relative sense that the words are commonly used in physics.

If we see a body begin to move, we know

that something has acted upon it to cause the change of state; and in the same way, if the motion of a body ceases, we are equally sure that something has produced the result. In each case some force has been applied.

You can very commonly see what the force is and how it is applied to produce motion, but you do not always so easily detect the force that brings motion to an end. You throw a stone or ball from you: the force producing the motion obviously is the muscle of your arm. But you observe that after a while it comes to rest where then is the rest-producing force?

In answering the question you must bear in mind, first, that air surrounds us on all sides; and secondly, that when bodies move, their surfaces that are in contact rub each other; and this rubbing, or friction as it is called, tends to bring them to a state of rest.

Now the stone thrown through the air is brought to rest partly by its force being continuously imparted to the air, and partly on account of the gravitation of the earth, as taught in a former lesson.

The amount of resistance varies in different bodies; thus, air resists or takes out less force than water; and the friction of a roadway is greater than that of the pavement, while it again exceeds that of ice. In machinery, oil is extensively used for the purpose of making the friction as little as possible, and thus avoiding waste of force.

In the study of motion, we have to consider direction; that is, the line in which the body