Dupin's Observations upon the above Council in his "The emperors Constantinus and Constans desiring to restore peace to the church, called a council of the eastern and western bishops at Sardica in the year 347. Thither came 100 bishops of the west, and 73 bishops from the east. * The eastern bishops withdrew from Sardis. They declared that they did not join with the bishops of the west. * The canons of the council of Sardis were never received by the Catholic church as general laws. They were never put into the code of the canons of the universal church, approved by the council of Chalcedon. The east never received them, neither would the bishops of Africa own them. The popes only used them, and cited them under the name of the council of Nice, to give them greater weight and authority." Romanists sometimes adduce Athanasius's appeal to the the Pope's warm defence of Athanasius, and his angry letter to the eastpope, and ern bishops; but the latter refused to submit to the pope's authority. The second book of Sozomen's Ecclesiastical History. But Athanasius flying from Alexandria went to Rome, &c. And they sent the letters of Julius to the bishops in the east. But they were much offended with them. And meeting together at Antioch, they wrote back to Julius a letter, well worded and forensically drawn up, filled with much irony, and not wanting in violent menaces. They confessed indeed in their letter that they honoured in all things the Roman church, as the school of the apostles, and as being from the beginning the metropolis of piety, although the originators of doctrine came among them from the east. But they did not think fit upon this account to play a second part, because they did not surpass in the greatness or numbers of their church, being superior in virtue and counsel. For Jerome, and Gregory, see part 2. Εκκλησιαστικής Ιτοριας Ερμειου Σωζομενου. βιβ. β. Αθανασιος δε φευγων εκ της Αλεξανδριας εις Ρωμην αφικετο, κ. τ. λ. Και τας Ιουλιου επισολας διεπέμψαντο τοις ανα την εω επισκόποις. Οι δε επι ταύταις χαλεπως ενεγκαν. Και συλλεγέντες εν Αντιόχεια, αντεγραψαν Ιουλίω, κεκαλιηπεμενην τινα και δικανικως συντεταγμενην επιτολήν, ειρωνείας τε πολλής αναπλεων, και Φερειν μεν γαρ πασι φιλοτιμιαν την απειλής ουκ αμοιρουσαν δεινοτατης. Ρωμαίων εκκλησιαν εν τοις γραμμασιν ωμολόγουν, ως αποτόλων φροντιςήριον, νημενην, ει και εκ της εω ενεδήμησαν και ευσέβειας μετροπολιν εξ αρχης γεγοαυτοι του δογματος εισηγηται. Ου παρα τουτο δε τα δευτερεία φερειν ηξίουν, ότι μη μεγαλει η πληθει εκκλησιας πλεονεκτουσι, ως αρετη και προαιρέσει νεικων τες. Uncertainty respecting_the_immediate successor of Peter. Bellarmine on the Roman Some place Clement immediately after Peter, as Tertullian* in his work on prescience, and Jerome on the 52nd chapter of Isaiah. Some place Linus after Peter, and afterwards Clement in the third place, as Optatus, book 2, against Parmenianus, and Augustine in his 165th letter. Others place Linus and Cletus or Anacletus after Peter, and at length Clement in the fourth place. As Irenæus, book 3, chap. 3; Eusebius, &c. Decree made by Pope Boniface, an. Dom. 1294. We declare, affirm, decree and pronounce, that it is altogether necessary to salvation for every human creature to be subject to the Roman pontiff. It is right that one sword should be under the other, and that the temporal authority be subject to the spiritual power.-Extravagancies, book 1, tit. 8, ch. 1. (From Barrow's Supremacy.) The fifth Council of Lateran. Bellarminus de Romano Quidam post Petrum immeUt diatè ponunt Clementem. Tertull. de præsc. et Hieronymus in cap. 52 Isaiæ. Alii post Petrum ponunt Linum, et postea Clementem tertio loco, ut Optatus, lib. 2, contra Parmenianum, et Augustinus in epist. 165. Alii post Petrum ponunt Linum et Cletum sive Anacletum, et tandem Clementem in quarto loco. Ut Irenæus, lib. 3, c. 3. Session 11. Labbeus's and Cos- (Labbai et Cossartii Concilia, sarte's Council, tom. 14. And whereas it is necessary to tom. 14.) Et cum de necessitudine salu In the priest's book of controversy this extract is given from Tertullian. At Liverpool Mr. Falvey, not aware of this, refuted himself by his own quotation. salvation that all the faithful in Christ be subject to the Roman pontiff, as we are taught by the testimony of the divine Scriptures, and of the holy fathers, and as is in like manner declared by the constitution of Pope Boniface 8th, our predecessor of blessed memory, which begins "Unam Sanctam ; with the approbation of this present holy council, and for the safety of the souls of the aforesaid faithful, and for the supreme authority of the pope and this holy see, and for the unity and power of his the spouse church, we renew and approve of the said constitution. The eternal Shepherd, who will never desert his flock till the end of time, so loved obedience, according to the testimony of the apostle, that for expiating the sin of the disobedience of the first parent he humbled himself being made obedient unto death. When he was about to depart from the world to the Father, he appointed Peter and his successors his vicars, in the strength of the rock, whom according to the testimony of the Book of Kings it is so necessary to obey, that let him who does not obey, die the death. Given at Rome at a public session solemnly held in the holy Lateran church, in the year of our Lord's incarnation 1516. Extract from the Bull of Pope Sixtus 5th against Henry King of Navarre, and the Prince of Conde. (From Barrow's Supremacy.) The authority given to St. Peter and his successors by the immense power of the eternal King, excels all the powers of earthly kings and princes. It passes uncontrollable sentence upon all, and if it find any of them resisting God's ordinance, it takes a more severe vengeance of them, and casting down the most powerful from their thrones, tumbles them down into the lowest parts as the ministers of the proud Lucifer. An Extract from Pope Pius 5th's Bull against Elizabeth, in which he deprives the Queen of her Kingdom, and releases her Subjects from their Allegiance. (Camden's History, an. Dom. 1570.) He who reigns on high, to whom is given all power in heaven and earth, hath committed the one holy catholic and apostolic church, out of which there is no salvation, to one alone on earth, namely, to Peter, prince of the apostles, and to the Roman pontiff, successor of Peter, to be governed with the fulness of power. This one man he hath appointed prince over all nations and all kingdoms, that he may pluck up, destroy, scatter, ruin, plant, and build. From Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury's Defence of his Apology for the Church of England. In the pope's own book of holy ceremonies it is expressly appointed, and laid out in order to avoid confusion, what each estate ought to do. Thus, therefore, it is appointed, "Cum papa per scalam ascendit," &c. When the Pope takes his stairs to mount on horseback, the greatest prince that is present, whether he be king or emperor, shall hold his stirrup, and afterwards lead his horse a little way. But if there be two kings in presence, the more honourable of them shall hold the bridle on the right side, and the other on the left. If the pope will not ride, but be borne on men's shoulders in a chair, then * must four of the worthiest princes, yea the emperor himself, or any other mighty monarch, if he be present, bear the chair, pope and all, a little way forward on their shoulders.-Ceremon. lib. 1, sec. 5, c. 4. Again, "Imperator traditis primo et sceptro," &c. The emperor delivering over his golden apple and his sceptre to one of his men, cometh unto the pope's horse, and in honour of our Lord Jesus Christ, whose person on earth the pope beareth, he holdeth the stirrup until the pope be mounted, and afterwards he taketh the bridle, and leadeth forth his horse. Further it is appointed, " Caudam pluvialis portabit nobilior laicus, qui erit in curia, etiamsi esset imperator aut rex." The most noble layman present in the court shall bear up the train of the pope's cope, even though it be an emperor or king. In fine, the pope's own book of ordinances and ceremonies saith thus: 1. The emperor shall hold the pope's stirrup. 2. The emperor shall lead the pope's horse. 3. The emperor must bear the pope's chair on his shoulder. 5. Let the emperor bear the bason and ewer to the Henry, King of Germany, kisses the King's Feet. Pope Pascal 12. An. Dom. 1111. (Baronius, tom. 12.) When the emperor had reached the top of the stairs, there the lord pope was present with many bishops and cardinals, priests and deacons, and with subdeacons, &c., and when the king had prostrated himself before him, he was raised after kissing his feet. The Kings of England and A short time after this, pope. Pope Cùm autem ad superiora graduum ascendisset: illic dominus papa cum episcopis pluribus, cum cardinalibus presbyteris et diaconibus, cum subdiaconibus, et cæteris cunctorum ministris affuit. Ad cujus vestigia cum rex corruisset, post pedum oscula elevatus est. Pope Alex. 3. An. Dom. 1162. Baron. Annal. Eccles. tom. 12. (Antverpiæ, 1609.) Exinde, parvo spatio temporis Through the kindness of Dr. Sadler, who favoured me with a sight of the original work from Trinity College Library, Dublin, I was enabled to verify the above quotations. The title of the work is as follows:-" Sacrarum Ceremoniarum Sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ. Libri tres. Coloniæ Agrippinæ, 1571." Three Books of the Sacred Cere monies of the Holy Roman Church. Printed at Cologne, 1571." |