42 Pontinus near Epidaurus. She was undoubtedly so named from the Olive, Saït, which was peculiarly sacred to her. The most antient priests of Dionusus were called Saturi and Tituri, from Sat-Ur, and Tit-Ur: the former were so named from the 43 object, and the latter from the place of their worship. Saturn was not unknown to the antient Germans; among whom he was worshipped by the name of Seatur. He is described by Verstegan as standing upon a fish with a wheel in one hand, and in the other a vessel of water filled with fruits and 44 flowers. flowers. Schedius mentions him by the name of Crodo; and says that he was the same as the Saturn of the Romans. 45 In Arce Hartesburgh ad Sylvam Hercyniam juxta montem Melibochi, civitatemque Goslarensem, Saxones coluere Idolum Crodo: Saturnum dixere Latini. Erat Senex stans in pisce, nudis pedibus, et lineo vinculo cinctus-tenebat rotam, et urnam plenam frugibus, rosis, et pomis.-Una cum Iside cultus fuit. The name of the mountain, Melibochi, where this worship was carried on, seems to be a 43 Tit-Ur, pasos ; the name of those high altars, where the rites of Orus were celebrated. The Tituri were properly Titurians; the Saturi, Zarugo, Saturians. 44 P. 78: 45 De Diis Germanis. Syntag. 4. c. 2. p. 493. variation of the antient terms Melech Bochus, the Lord Bochus. Bacchus was often mistaken for Dionusus, and in many countries called Bochus, and 46 Bocchus.. The Patriarch, under whatever title he may come, is generally represented as the father of Gods, and men. 47 Ζηνα θεων πατερ ηδε και ανδρων. But in the character of Phoroneus' (for in this he is plainly alluded to) he seems to be described merely at the first of mortals. Hence by an antient poet, quoted by 48 Clemens of Alexandria, he is styled Φορωνευς, πατηρ θνητων ανθρωπων. The mythologists vary greatly about the genealogy of this personage: but generally suppose him to have been the son of 49 Inachus and Niobe. The outlines of his history are marked very strongly; so 46 In Mauritania and Numidia Bacchus was expressed Bocchus. 47 Hesiod. Theog. v. 47. 48 Strom. 1. 1. p. 380. 49 p. 24. Νιοβη γαμετη το Ιναχε, μητρι δε Φορωνέως. Euseb. Chron. Φορωνευς παις Ιναχε και Νιοβης. φασι δε τινες Νιοβην Φορωνέως είναι θυγατέρα. Ibid. 51 that we cannot mistake the person to whom the mythology relates. He is said to have lived in the time of the 59 flood; and, as I have before shewn, was the reputed father of all mankind He was also the first who built an altar; which is said to have been erected to Juno. He first collected men together, and formed them into petty 52 communities. He likewise first gave 53 laws, and distributed justice: whereas before, the way of life among men was savage, and every thing determined by violence. They ascribe to him the distribution of mankind, by their families and nations over the face of the earth: 54 Ident nationes distribuit: which is a circumstance very remarkable. Nonnus styles him 55 Agxeyovos; which may signify either Igwroyovos, the first-born of the world, or Onbaiyevns, a native of the ark. Anti 50 Clem. Alexand. 1. 1. p. 380. Syncellus. p. 125. He speaks of the first deluge, το αρχαιοτατο κατακλυσμό, ὃς λεγεται κατα Φορωνέα και Απιδα γενέσθαι. 5 Hyginus. fab. 274. 52 Φωρωνευς δε ὁ Ιναχε τες ανθρωπος συνηγαγε πρώτος ες κοινον. Pausan. 1. 2. p. 145. 53 Φωρωνευς· έτος Ιναχε και Νιοβής παις πρωτος τομές και κριτηρία gio. Syncellus. p. 67, 125. 54 Hyginus. fab. 143. 55 He is here made the father of Niobe, whom the Poet calls Κερην Αρχεγόνοις Φορωνιος. 1, 32. p. 804. clides esteemed him the most antient king in 56 Greece: but 57 Acusilaus looked upon him more truly as the first man. This agrees with the testimony before given from the antient Poet in 58 Clemens, who spoke of him as the father of mankind. In short, he was the ultimate, to which Grecian history referred. 59 Πασα παρ' Έλλησι θαυμαζόμενη πράξις απο των Ινάχου χρόνων και Φορωνέως εις τα μετε πειτα φερεται. All the great occurrences of Greece are subsequent to the times of Inachus and Phoroneus; and are deduced in a series from that ara. To say the truth, Phoroneus, Apis, Inachus, Zeuth, Deucalion, Prometheus, were all one person: and with that person commenced the Gentile history, not of Greece only, but of the world. 60 Ουδεν 56 Anticlides Phoroneum antiquissimum Græciæ Regem nuncupat. Plin. 1. 7. c. 56. 57 Ακεσίλαος Φορώντα πρωτον ανθρωπον γενεσθαι. Clem. Αlex. Strom. 1. 1. p. 380. Many suppose him to have been the first king upon earth. Phoroneus, primus mortalium regnavit. Lutatius Placidus in Statii Thebaïd. 1. 4. v. 589.. Compare these accounts with the history of Deucalion. Ὃς πρώτος ποιησε δομές, και εδείματο ναυς Αθανατοις" πρωτος δε και ανθρωπων βασιλευεν. Apollon. Rhod. 1. 3. v. 1986. προ Ιναχε και Φορωνέως-Έλλησιν ιςορειται. Some.have supposed Niobe to have been the mother of Phoroneus others make him the son of 6 Archia: 62 61 others again of Melissa. But this genealogy is idle and it will be found that Archia, Niobe, and Melissa, like Rhea, Cybele, and Damater, are mere titles, by which a female personage was denoted, who was supposed to have been the genius of the ark, and the mother of mankind. The Patriarch was also commemorated by the name of Poseidon. Hence, in the Orphic hymns, he is addresed under this character, as the father of Gods and men. 63 Κλύθι Ποσιδαον, Ζηνος παι πρεσβυγενεθλε, Ουρανιών, Μακαρων τε Θεων πατερ, ηδε και ανδρων. We find him here to be also called the author of peace and rest, which is consonant to his true 61 Inachus-ex Archiâ sorore suâ procreavit Phoroneum, qui primus mortalium dicitur regnâsse. Hyginus. fab. 143. p. 250. 62 Apollodorus. 1. 2. p. 58. She is also called Melitta. 63 Hymn 16. Zeus is generally made the brother of Poseidon ; but is here spoken of as his father: which shews how little we can depend upon the theogony of the Greeks when they treat of genealogies, |