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loquitur de his quos tolerat, et tanquam diceretur, Numquid modo? Olim est ecclesia, ex quo vocantur sancti, est ecclesia in terrâ. Aliquando in solo Abel ecclesia erat, et expugnatus est a fratre malo et perdito Cain. Aliquando in solo Enoch ecclesia erat, et translatus est ab iniquis. Aliquando in sola domo Noe ecclesia erat, et pertulit omnes qui diluvio perierunt, et sola arca natavit in fluctibus, et evasit ad siccum. Aliquando in solo Abraham ecclesia erat, et quanta pertulit ab iniquis novimus. In solo filio fratris ejus Lot, et in domo ejus in Sodomis ecclesia erat, et pertulit Sodomorum iniquitates et perversitates quousque Deus eum de medio ipsorum liberavit. Cæpit esse et in populo Israel ecclesia, pertulit Pharaonem et Ægyptios. Cœpit et in ipsâ ecclesiâ, id est, in populo Israel, numerus esse sanctorum; Moyses et cæteri sancti pertulerunt iniquos Judæos, populum Israel. Ventum est ad Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum, prædicatum est Evangelium, dixit in Psalmis "Annuntiavi et locutus sum, multiplicati sunt super numerum ?" Non solum illi crediderunt, qui pertinent ad numerum torum, sed et super numerum intrarunt; multi justi et plures iniqui; et pertulerunt justi iniquos.

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The Church is a temple, a house, and a city, sanctified, inhabited, and governed by Christ.

Enarratio in Psalmum exxxi. (Editio* ut supra.) Cum autem corpus Christi est et templum, et domus, et civitas; et ille qui caput corporis est, et habitator domus est, Sanctificator templi est, et rex civitatis est: quomodo ecclesia omnia illa, sic Christus omnia ista. Quid ergo vovimus Deo, nisi ut simus templum Dei? Nihil gratius ei possumus offerre, quàm ut dicamus ei, quod dicitur ei, quod dicitur in Isaia, "posside nos."

Christ is the head, the ruler, the husband and the Redeemer of the Church.

Enarratio in Psalmum cxxxviii. (Editio ut supra.)

Ipse est rector et sponsus et redemptor ecclesiæ, caput nostrum, et utique si caput est, habet corpus. Corpus autem ejus sancta ecclesia, quæ etiam conjux ejus, cui dicit Apos

All these extracts are taken from the same Benedictine edition of Augustine's works, which was printed at Paris 1836.

tolus "vos autem estis corpus Christi et membra." Totus itaque Christus, caput et corpus, tanquam integer vir: quia et fœmina de viro facta est, et ad virum pertinet; et dictum est de primo conjugio, "Erunt duo in carne unâ."

The woman clothed with the sun represented the Church.* In Psalmum exlii. enarratio (Editio ut supra.)

Hæc autem mulier antiqua est civitas Dei de quâ in psalmo dicitur "gloriosa dicta sunt de te, civitas Dei."* Hæc civitas initium habet ab ipso Abel, sicut mala civitas a Cain. Antiqua ergo ista civitas, semper tolerans terram, sperans cœlum, quæ etiam Jerusalem vocatur et Sion.-Utique de nato quodam in Sion et conditione ipsius Sion, psalmus quidam dicit: "Mater Sion, dicet homo." Quis homo? "Et homo factus est in eâ; et ipse fundavit eam altissimus. (Ps. lxxxvi. 3, 5.) Denique ipse in Sion factus est homo, sed humilis factus est homo; et idem ipse altissimus fundavit eam civitatem in quâ factus est homo. Itaque et illa mulier sole cooperiebatur, sole ipso justitiæ quem non cognoscunt impii, qui dicturi sunt in fine," Ergo erravimus a viâ veritatis, et justitiæ lumen non luxit nobis, et sol non ortus est nobis." (Sap. v. 6.) (Sap. v. 6.) Est ergò quidam sol justitiæ qui non oritur impiis. Cæterum istum solem facit oriri super bonos et malos. Ergo et amicta erat sole et gestabat visceribus masculum paritura. Idem ipse erat condens Sion et nascens in Sion; et illa mulier civitas Dei, ejus luce protegebatur, cujus carne gravidabatur. Meritò et lunam sub pedibus habebat, quia mortalitatem crescentis et decrescentis Carnis virtute calcabat. (Apoc. xii.)

The holy Church consists of the faithful in every region of the globe.

S. Augustini Episcopi. Sermo. 213. tom. v. (Editio ut supra.)

Sancta ecclesia nos sumus, sed non sic dixi, nos, quasi ecce

This is a very important interpretation, because St. Bernard, the last of the Fathers, who lived in the 12th century, says that the woman clothed with the sun was the Virgin Mary standing between Christ and the Church and his exposition is inserted in the Breviary.

qui hic sumus, qui me modo audistis. Quotquot hic sumus, Deo propitio, Christiani fideles in hâc ecclesia, id est, in istâ civitate, quotquot sunt in istâ regione, quotquot sunt in istâ provinciâ, quotquot sunt et trans mare, quotquot sunt in loto orbe terrarum ; quoniam a solis ortu usque ad occasum taudatur nomen Domini. Sic se habet ecclesia catholica mater nostra vera, vera illius sponsi conjux.

None but the predestinated saints belong to that Church which is thus spoken of in the Canticles, "a garden enclosed is my sister, my spouse; a spring shut up, a fountain sealed."

S. Augustini Episcopi de baptismo contra Donatistas. lib. V. Tom. ix. (Editio et supra.)

Et quod in Cantico Canticorum ecclesia sic describitur, "Hortus conclusus, soror mea sponsa, fons signatus, puteus aquæ vivæ, paradisus cum fructu pomorum," hoc intelligere non audeo nisi in sanctis et justis, non in avaris et fraudatoribus et raptoribus, et feneratoribus, et ebriosis, et invidis, quos tamen cum justis baptismum habuisse communem, cum quibus communem non habebant utique charitatem, ex ipsius Cypriani litteris, sicut sæpe commemoravi, uberius discimus et docemus. Nam dicat mihi aliquis "quomodo irrepserint in hortum conclusum et fontem signatum," quos sæculo verbis solis et non factis renuntiasse, Cyprianus, et tamen intus fuisse, testatur? Si enim et ipsi ibi sunt, et ipsi sponsa Christi sunt, itane verò talis est illa sine maculâ et rugâ, et illa speciosa columba tali membrorum parte turpatur? An istæ sunt spinæ, in quarum medio est illa sicut lilium, quod in eodem Cantico dicitur? In quantum ergo lilium, in tantum et hortus conclusus et fons signatus; in illis videlicet justis qui in occulto Judæi sunt circumcisione cordis, ("Omnis, enim, pulchritudo filiæ regis intrinsecus,") in quibus est numerus certus sanctorum prædestinatus ante mundi constitutionem. Illa vero multitudo spinarum, sive occultis, sive apertis separationibus, forinsecus adjacet super numerum. Annuntiavi, inquit, et locutus sum; multiplicati sunt super numerum." Numerus ergo ille justorum, qui secundum propositum vocati sunt, de quibus dictum est "Novit Dominus qui sunt ejus," ipse est "hortus conclusus,

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fons signatus, puteus aquæ vivæ, paradisus cum fructu pomorum."+

The Church of Christ consists of the Saints. Enarratio in Ps. xlvii. (Editio ut supra.)

Secundam ergo Sabbathi non debemus intelligere nisi ecclesiam Christi; sed ecclesiam Christi in Sanctis; ecclesiam Christi in his qui scripti sunt in cœlo, ecclesiam Christi in his qui mundi hujus tentationibus non cedunt.

Chrysostom, he was ordained Bishop of Constantinople, An. Chr. 398. Dupin.

The Church of Christ is spiritual.

Ορα γαρ την εκκλησίαν οπερ ελεγον, οτι ποτε νύμφη εστι, ποτε θυγατηρ εστι, ποτε παρθενος εστι, ποτε βασίλισσα εστι ποτε, στέφα εστι, ποτε ορος εστι ποτε, παραδεισος εστι, ποτε που λυτεκνος εστι, ποτε κρινον εστι, ποτε πηγή εστι, παντα εστι. Δια τουτο άκουσας ταυτα, μη

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For contemplate the Church as I described her, that sometimes she is a bride; sometimes she is a daughter; sometimes she is a virgin; sometimes she is a servant; sometimes she is a queen; sometimes she is barren; sometimes she is a mountain; sometimes she is a garden; sometimes she has many children; sometimes she is a lily; sometimes she is a fountain; she is all things: wherefore, when you hear these things, do not, I

The following passage may be quoted by Romanists. S. Augustini Epistolarum Classis. III. Epist. 185, de correctione Donastistarum. Proinde ecclesia catholica sola corpus est Christi, cujus ille caput est Salvator corporis sui. Extra hoc corpus neminem vivificat Spiritus Sanctus, quia, sicut ipse dicit apostolus, "Charitas Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per Spiritum Sanctum qui datus est nobis." Non est autem particeps divinæ charitatis, qui hostis est unitatis. Augustine's reasoning can apply only to those who secede from a scriptural Church in a contentious spirit. It cannot possibly apply to those who are constrained by the love of Christ to leave an idolatrous Church, or one which preaches a false Gospel. For the Apostle Paul says, "though we, or an angel from heaven," &c. And again, "what concord hath the temple of God with idols ?"

δουλη ουκ εστιν. η εκκλησία

παντα εστι Δια τι; οτι ουκ εν σωματι ταυτα, αλλ' εν Ψυχη. (Hom. in Psa. xliv.-S. J. Chrystomi opera omnia, operâ et studio D. B. de Montfaucon, Monachi ordinis Benedicti. Parisiis. 1839.)

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pray you, think that they are corporeal; but exercise your understanding, for such things cannot be corporeal. A mountain is not a virgin; a virgin is not a bride; a queen is not a servant. The Church is all these things. How is this? Because these things are not in the body, but in the soul.

A few poor Christians are of more value than the rest of mankind.

For making mention of men who were poor, driven about, oppressed, and illtreated, he thus speaks :

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Chrys. in inscriptionem altaris. Serm. 51. Ανθρωπων γαρ μνησθεις πενητων, ελαυνομένων, θλιβομενων, κακουχούμενων, ουτω φησι. Περιήλθον εν μηλωταις, εν αιγειοις δέρμασιν, υστερούμενοι, ων ουκ ην αξιος ο κόσμος. Τι λεγεις; των υστερουμένων, των ουκ εχοντων πατριδα ουκ ην αξιος ο κόσμος ; ουχ οράς ποσους ποσοις αντέστησας; ορω, μεν, φησι, και δια τουτο ειπον, οτι ουκ ην ο κόσμος αξιος αυτών. Εγω γαρ των νομισματων του των την φυσιν οιδα σαφως. Και γην, και θαλατταν, και βασιλεις, και επαρχους,

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πασαν απλως των ανθρωπων την θυσιν τίθεις, και δυο η τρεις πένητας τούτοις αντιστησας, θαρρων αν ειποιμι, ότι ουτοι μαλλον καταγουσιν οι πένητες. Είπερ εκείνοι απηλαύονται πατριδος, αλλ' ειχον πατριδα την ανω Ιερουσαλημ. Εν πενια διηγον. Αλλ' επλούτουν κατα την ευσέβειαν. Ανθρωπων ησαν εχθροι, αλλα τω Θεω

They wandered about in sheep-skins and goat-skins, being destitute; of whom the world was not worthy.” What do you say ? Was not the world worthy of men who were destitute, and who had no country ? Don't you perceive who they are whom you are contrasting with each other? I perceive it, indeed, he says, and upon this account I have said that the world was not worthy of them. For I understand clearly the value of those coins. If I were to place the earth, and the sea, and kings, and governors, and, so to speak, the whole of human nature on the one hand, and if I were to contrast with them two or three poor men,

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