me mention here that one of the most interesting international treaties in the Middle Ages was concluded in 1306 between the King of France and the King of Serbia, in which provision was made for arbitration by the Pope in case of any misunderstanding. Let me also refer to the part played in this way by the Bohemian King Podiebrad in the fifteenth century, and by the Russian emperors in the nineteenth century. There is no historical document whatsoever furnishing proof of the slightest interest on the part of German rulers in international law. Gregory of Tours wrote in the fourth century that the Germans were without respect for their engagements." The violation of Belgian neutrality is incontrovertible proof that the Germans have remained the same for fifteen hundred years. I am sure that I express your opinion, as well as my own, when I say that the Allies have never been advocates of race hatred, and that we shall not sow these sentiments for future generations; but at the same time I do not think we dare play the part of ostriches and hide our eyes in the face of evidence. Our victory will be illusory if we do not impose upon our enemies the same principles of international morals and international right. These same principles have been studied by us through all the centuries. They have been methodically elaborated lately T by the American Institute of International Law. They have been supported by the two men who, in my opinion, personify best the feeling and sentiments of their great democracyElihu Root and the present Secretary of State, Robert Lansing. So liberty, fraternity, and equality will have to extend their blessed action over the society of nations, granting justice to all, large and small. Our armies, industries, and citizens will follow our leaders in these steps. Bismarck pretended to consider the Celtic races as effeminate. Happily, effeminate. Happily, we all have reason to believe that his successors will soon experience to their cost the Celtic manhood of such men as Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, and David Lloyd George. And this will be in the greatest interest of mankind. Your ancestors of Celtic origin have impressed their character upon the immigrants coming from various countries to this hemisphere; have fused them in a new ethnic entity well prepared to lead the human race in the very near future. That leadership will save civilization from Teutonic autocracy and pretension to domination over the world. Instead of " Deutschland über Alles through land über Alles" we must secure the primacy of democracy and of justice. THE AMERICAN BY HAWTHORNE DANIEL HE first long swells of a rising storm ran endlessly past Land's End from the open ocean, and the Ardmore rolled heavily as she headed for the Atlantic. Sea after sea smashed against the blunt bow of the freighter, breaking into stinging clouds of spray that showered over the gun on the forecastle and drove aft, forcing the lookouts to turn their faces from the biting gusts. High on the foremast the man in the crow's-nest protected himself as best he could by crouching low behind his canvas weather-cloth, sliding lower still as each whirling cloud of spray, whistling up from the blunt bow far below, spattered against the swaying mast, to drip in slanting streams back to the deck. Forward of the bridge the seas piled over the weather rail, to rush and gurgle around the hatches and finally to pour in little cascades back into the sea. In the overheated galley the cook was lashing a pot of stew on to the stove, to prevent its sliding to the heaving deck. He had carefully made it fast, adjusting it to the already well-filled space, when a seaman, bundled up in dripping oilskins, burst in through the door, accompanied by part of a spent wave that spread over the galley floor in a slippery flood. Following the example of one of his own pots, which at that moment boiled over onto the red-hot stove, the cook turned upon the intruder, sputtering a volley of abuse. 66 "Aw, come on, Al," replied the seaman. "I didn't mean to let the English Channel in. Give us a cup of coffee. I'm just off watch." Al forgot his wrath as quickly as it had come upon him, and reached for the huge coffee-pot that was wedged securely amid the assemblage of cooking utensils on the heated stove. Swinging it with a practiced hand, he poured a cup of the steaming coffee, as he balanced himself to the rolling of the ship, and with a good-natured grin handed it to the waiting sailor. "I'm glad I ain't on deck to-day," Al said, as he watched the coffee disappear. "Bein' cook ain't just the job for a man, but it's more comfortable than standin' watch and watch in the English Channel in February." "Well," replied the sailor, "I won't kick, 'cause the worst job on this ship ain't standin' watch on the bridge. To my notion, bein' one of them armed guards is the worst. You ought to see 'em up on the forecastle tryin' to keep from bein' washed overboard and tryin' at the same time to find a sub to shoot at." The cook looked up and grinned. 66 Could they get one a day like this?" he asked. "They say they could," answered the sailor. "Heavy weather don't seem to make much difference to He stopped abruptly, stood listening for a moment, and jumped for the door. Peering forward through the driving spray, he saw the breech of the forward gun open and an empty shell, still smoking from the discharge, jumped onto the wet deck. The loader, timing his action to the pitch of the ship, slid another shell into the opening, and the plugman slammed home the breech. The muzzle lifted as the ship rolled and a blinding flash burst from it. A roar rolled down the deck toward the sailor and the cook, both of whom stood clutching the rail, heedless of the breaking seas. Looking intently into the haze, they saw a splash in the tumbling water, and saw, too, the streaming deck of a submarine. The gun on the stern of the Ardmore roared, and another splash appeared beside the submarine. The gun crew forward, working with a precision gained from many a drill, loaded again. The ship slid over a swell, rolling slowly. The pointer elevated the muzzle, and an ear-splitting blast burst forth. The submarine shuddered beneath the shock. A part of her deck flew into the air, and a sea, driving against her side, buckled her broken back. She pitched laboriously in the heavy seaway as the inrushing water sucked her slowly beneath the surface, while the endless seas surged relentlessly on, playfully tossing two tiny, struggling forms. Slowly the Ardmore turned and headed toward the spot. On the wing of the bridge a sailor stood, swinging a life-buoy. As the ship passed the struggling men he tossed it into the water. Another life-buoy, thrown by the captain, dropped beside it, and a few minutes later the almost lifeless bodies of two German sailors were dragged over the rail. "Take them to the galley," ordered the captain, "where it's warm. Al can bring them around." The two men were presently deposited on the galley floor by the sailors who had hauled them over the side. For a moment the rescuers stood gazing at the dripping forms, until Al, assuming command in his realm of pots and pans, ordered them out so as to allow him to attend to the wants of the unconscious Germans. The sailors departed, and Al turned to the two bedraggled forms that lay huddled near the stove. He had hardly decided on a course to pursue, however, when one of them opened his "American, are you?” he replied. "And you were born in Germany?" "Yes," answered Al. "Born in Germany and trained in the German army. And I have a brother in the German navy, too." The other grunted his contempt. Al reached for the pot and poured out a steaming mug of coffee. "Yes," he continued. "I've been in America six years now, and I've gotten to where I can see what's wrong with Germany. I used to cheer for the Kaiser, and I thought, just as you do, that he is a sort of superior being. I used to think that the little impudent officers that strutted around were better than I. I had been trained to think so, and they had been trained to think so, too. So when I was in the army I imagined that they were really better that their blood was of a different grade, I suppose. "And then I got out of the army and went to America on a freight ship. When I went ashore in New York, I had a job offered me, and I didn't go back to the ship. And now I'm glad I didn't. I've saved nearly two thousand dollars, being cook in a restaurant. And then this war came on, and they needed more men for the new ships they are building. So I offered to go as cook. I told them that I was born in Germany, but that I wanted to help the world get rid of the Kaiser. I had some trouble getting a ship, but at last our captain took me. This is my second trip over. And we haven't been sunk yet. Instead of that we got you to-day." He stopped for a moment and then continued: 66 Why, if you knew what America is you'd want to be an American too.' THE OUTDOOR 'I-BECKONINGS BY CLINTON SCOLLARD The gauzy Whose wings are like light gossamer; To the Great Will behind them all. felt felt a sticky warmth against his hand where it pressed the sailor's side. Slowly the wounded man's eyes opened. For a moment he looked blankly at the frightened cook, and then a smile of recognition spread over his face. 66 Albert," he replied, huskily. His eyes rolled aimlessly for a moment, and his head dropped forward. A shudder passed through him, and he collapsed in his brother's arms. The cook lowered the still form to the deck. He rose to his feet and stood holding unsteadily to the lashing he had put on the pot of stew. The German sailor watched him intently. "Your brother ?" he asked. The cook nodded slowly and looked blankly at the form that now moved only with the rolling of the ship. A look of triumph crept into the eyes of the sailor. 66 You're no American," he said, and with narrowed eyes watched for the effect of his words. "An American gun just killed your brother." Al gazed uncomprehendingly at his companion. 66 and Listen," continued the sailor. "We can get into the hold open the sea-cocks." Al set his teeth and stood rigidly as the ship rolled. The German sailor continued. "We can open the sea-cocks," he repeated. "The ship 'll sink. We can get away. We'll be picked up. Come." He rose to his feet and stood waiting for the cook's decision. Al pulled himself together with the strength of a sudden determination. He looked at the stiffening body of his brother, then glanced up at the sailor. "Yes, come," he answered, slowly. Together they stepped out onto the deserted deck, and the sailor's eyes twinkled with devilish glee at winning the Ameri can over. "This way," said the cook, and he led the sailor forward and down a hatchway. He turned and entered a door. The sailor followed, peering around to see that they were not followed. The captain looked up from a report he was writing. "I brought this man around," said the cook, slowly. the other "-his voice broke-“ my brother-is dead.” LURE-TWO POEMS II-ESCANDIDO BY JEAN BROOKE BURT Let there be near-by murmur of a stream Into a river, where on either hand Tall cottonwoods, gray sentinels, ghost-like stand. May there be laughter of the wind and song Of wild bird singing, gay, And the clean, pungent smell of sage; Soft ripples in the hay Silvered with dew, stirred by the breeze At dawn that shakes the fairy aspen trees. Give me the hot sun of summer noons, hum Vivid wild flowers on the mountain-side, Give me a valley ranch where we alone Can live beneath the sun. "But May there be good rides homeward, when the long To the warm log house that my heart desires, In Spanish escandido means "hidden valley." WEEKLY OUTLINE STUDY OF CURRENT HISTORY BY J. MADISON GATHANY, A.M. HOPE STREET HIGH SCHOOL, PROVIDENCE, R. I. Based on The Outlook of April 10, 1918 Each week an Outline Study of Current History based on the preceding number of The Outlook will be printed for the benefit of current events classes, debating clubs, teachers of history and of English, and the like, and for use in the home and by such individual readers as may desire suggestions in the serious study of current history.-THE EDITORS. [Those who are using the weekly outline should not attempt to cover the whole of an outline in any one lesson or study. Assign for one lesson selected questions, one or two propositions for discussion, and only such words as are found in the material assigned. Or distribute selected questions among different members of the class or group and have them report their findings to all when assembled. Then have all discuss the questions together.] I-INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS A. Topic: Foch-Generalissimo; United Allies. The Reference: Page 567; editorial, page 573. 66 1. From these references what do you learn about General Foch? 2. If "this lesson of war unity was plainly taught in 1861-65 in our Civil War," why has it been so hard to bring about a thorough military union" of the Allies? Does this mean that the Allies are not intelligent, that they do not know military history? 3. In allowing Foch to become Generalissimo an Eng lish writer says: "Never in the world's history has any great empire made the sacrifice in prestige that we are making." Comment on this statement. 4. How many reasons can you give for believing or not believing with Napoleon that the worse general is better than the best two generals? 5. Does history show that "all great crises bring us to the one-man power"? If so, does it prove that autocracy is more desirable than democracy? Discuss. B. Topic: The People's War. 1. How does The Outlook show in this editorial that this is the people's war? 2. Name and discuss various duties of the people toward this their war. 3. What does The Outlook say about President Wilson's leadership? Is its criticism fair? 4. How many different points do you find in the quoted matter from Mr. Roosevelt's Maine speech and from Professor Ladd's article in the New York "Times"? Discuss each one. 5. How do you account for the fact that President Wilson has not yet called upon General Wood to report to him? Discuss "The President, more than any other man in the United States, needs what General Wood has to impart." C. Topic: In Hoc Signo Vinces. 1. What is Germany's idea of God? Of religion and truth? Of goodness? Of men and women? 2. Explain how Germany and the Germans hold to such beliefs as they D. Topic: Why are Southern Slavs Anti- Reference: Pages 576, 577. 1. What does the term Yugoslavs com- freedom? 4. Give a brief sketch of the Yugoslav movement. 5. What are the aspi- II-NATIONAL AFFAIRS Topic: Importance of Americanization. 1. What are the facts of American illit- III-PROPOSITIONS FOR DISCUSSION 1. Theodore Roosevelt is a fair-minded IV-VOCABULARY BUILDING (All of the following words and expressions are found in The Outlook for April 10, 1918. Both before and after looking them up in the dictionary or elsewhere, give their meaning in your own words. The figures in parentheses refer to pages on which the words may be found.) Strategist, perturbation, liaison (567); personal enemies, political opponents (573); diabolism, in hoc signo vinces (575); memorandum, academic distinction, martyrs (577); illiteracy, intelligent (569). A booklet suggesting methods of using the Weekly Outline of Current History will be sent on application |