A Big Brother for the Naturalization Applicant (Continued)

spect for Government, interest in the simple duties of the citizen, can in this way be handed up to the man "too old to learn," and along the lines of least resist

ance.

There is one blemish in this rather pleasant outlook. The study of civics is not one of the interest-creating subjects, at least it was not in the writer's experience as pupil

and later as teacher. A recent examination of books and pamphlets on the subject in the New York Library reveals a wealth of books filled with long paragraphs that quickly put to rout the most enthusiastic pupil. Given the material, accurate and complete as it is, interest can be created by the teacher who can and will "humanize" the subject-matter. To make assurance doubly sure, however, greater interes would be created and more progress made if one of our men in public life would put into popular appeal what is now given to those classes fortunate in having a teacher with unusual ability.

All these agencies are bringing results in hundreds and thousands of new citizens. The incident given at the outset of this article points out an opportunity for the layman who would be proud to have several new citizens to his credit. The man who is rejected in his attempt to join our citizenry would be loyal to the man who met him at the door, or elsewhere, and offered to act as his Big Brother to see him through. It might be that a member of such an organization, based upon the principles of the Big Brother Movement, could be assigned by the court to assist the would-be citizen and keep him out of the hands of an interested "friend" of the wrong type.

THE LAW AND THE JURY

as

It is not a true parallel which you drew in your comment upon the De Saulles murder case, between a prosecution for libel and a trial for murder with respect to the powers assumed by the jury. It is here that Lord Erskine contended that the jury had power to pass upon the law as well upon the facts in a prosecution for libel; but the jury did not legally get that power until it was conferred by act of Parliament eight years afterwards, in 1792. That power has not yet been given by statute to a jury in a murder case. Neither in England nor in this country has it been determined by legislative authority that it is not for the court to define the crime of murder and to instruct the jury what constitutes a justification and what may be allowed as an excuse for killing a human being. If it be true, as you say, that in the exercise of discretion not formally given by statute the juries in America have established practical precedents which materially modify the criminal law, then the criminal law is in effect made by the jury, and made after the alleged crime has been committed. If democracy has given this power to the jury, it has given it not by act of the Legislature or decisions of the courts, but because leaders of public opinion and defenders of public morals, like The Outlook, are ready to accept without protest the verdicts of juries, and especially in cases where the dead man's character is peculiarly obnoxious, and do not support the courts in their earnest endeavor to maintain the high standards fixed by the law. EDWARD Q. KEASBEY.

Newark, New Jersey.

"We who live on New Jersey railroads are indignant to see great piles of splendid fuel burned by the companies while at the same time they say they cannot carry coal enough to supply the needs of the poor." The fuel referred to by our correspondent consists of old ties and other wood waste which might, it would seem, easily be transported to a near-by town and put into the hands of people who are eager to get fuel of any kind. The excuse is offered, however, that bits of steel from the rails are embedded in these old ties and that this would make it difficult to saw them up for firewood. Perhaps Uncle Sam, our new railway president, can devise some way to use this good wood and stop the waste.

"When are we to leave?" is a question that is often asked in the soldiers' camps. One of the camp papers, the "Wadsworth Gas Attack," treats this ever-recurring question humorously, After a column of bogus interviews and rumors it prints this

In the cargo of the wrecked steamer Mariposa, according to a despatch from the Pacific coast, was a shipment of two hundred barrels of "salt salmon." These, it was discovered when the accident happened to the steamer, contained, instead, bottled whisky. The camouflage was carried to the point of insuring the whisky as salmon, but it is reported that no attempt will be made to collect the insurance.

It is well known that Dr. Johnson's odd humor crept into some of the definitions in his great English Dictionary; for instance, he defined lexicographer as "a writer of dictionaries; a harmless drudge." His dictionary was first published in 1755. Another English dictionary, Bailey's, appeared many years before Johnson's, and it was so popular that several editions of it were printed after its rival appeared. Early editions of Bailey give, under Lexicographer, a writer of a lexicon," etc. In a copy of the edition of 1766, however, picked up recently in New York, there is found added to this, "also, a harmless drudge." Bailey's reviser of 1766, who was apparently not altogether harmless as a drudge, thus copied Dr. Johnson's pleasantry as a new definition!

"Several persons who have seen The Outlook's illustrated prospectus have advised me that the photograph therein printed as that of Mr. Herman Schneider is really the photograph of Mr. Ralph Adams Cram, the well-known architect. It may be that we are all wrong and you are right, butetc." So writes a friend. All mistakes are possible in a world inhabited by printers and photographers, but as the picture referred to was sent to us at our request by Mr. Schneider himself, and as the editors of The Outlook can testify that it is a good likeness, we think that "several persons' have missed their guess in this matter. The case must be one of "doubles," like that of

Napoleon the First, ex-President Roosevelt, and other celebrated personages who have discovered "twin brothers not related to themselves.

A curious side-light on German standards of probity is found in a report of the case of Lieutenant Spindler, who commanded the German ship Libau, which

landed Casement in Ireland and was captured. Spindler gave up £4 when taken prisoner, saying it was all he had. "When his captor asked, 'On your honor?' Spindler replied, 'No, no more.' "A search revealed twenty-one £5 notes concealed in his clothing. The Attorney-General asked him: "Do you think in the circumstances you were entitled to give an untruthful answer?" Lieutenant Spindler replied: "There may be different points of view the point of view of an English officer and the point of view of a German officer." Volumes could speak no more.

The generosity with which Englishmen treat even unprincipled enemies is indicated by the decision in the above case. The prize court adjudged Lieutenant Spindler's concealed money forfeit to the Crown. It magnanimously granted him, however, out of it, a full month's pay-£26. The court returned in full to two other officers of the Libau the money which they had surrendered, as they had truthfully stated the amount they possessed.

When John H. B. Latrobe, whose Reminiscences are just published, was fourteen years old, in 1818, he went to West Point as a cadet. He started from his home in Baltimore at eight o'clock on a steamboat for Frenchtown; went by stage to New Castle, where he slept; took another steamboat to Philadelphia and arrived there about noon. The next day a steamboat took him to Trenton, and a stage to New Brunswick, where he stayed overnight; another steamboat landed him in New York. Finally an Albany sloop carried him to West Point in time for breakfast the next day-the fourth of his journey. By this time his trip, he "had grown as important in my eyes as though I had been Hendrik Hudson himself, seeking a highway to Gathay."

says,

Young Latrobe left West Point without graduating, and became a successful law

yer.

He met many distinguished men, among them Daniel Webster. He tells this story illustrating Webster's familiarity with Shakespeare: The question was asked whether shoes were made right and left in Shakespeare's time. Webster settled the question by quoting the passage in "King John" in which the tailor tell his news

Standing on slippers which his nimble haste Had falsely thrust upon contrary feet." "The greatest of all the great men with whom it has been my fortune to be associated or be acquainted with," wrote Mr. Latrobe, "was certainly Daniel Webster."

Among the demands of factory workers in Russia, according to a recent investigator of conditions there, were these: For a six-hour working day; for ten minutes' rest after each hour of work; for a two-hour interval at midday for lunch; and for two months' vacation each year on full pay. These demands are scarcely outdone by the suggestion of an American humorist that he would like his work to consist of coming down on Saturday to draw his pay.

"The women are delighted with their new uniforms, new jobs, and new independence." So said one of the eight women conductors who were recently added to the force of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company. The company's officials and the public are also pleased with the way the women handle the cars. A new standard of politeness in dealing with passengers may be expected by a long-suffering public if women continue to occupy these positions.

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MR.

Fingers

R. AND Mrs. B. live in Connecticut. He is a clerk in the office of a manufacturing plant. They have been married ten years and for the first three years of their married life they not only failed to save but actually went in debt over $400. They now have two children, own a comfortable cottage home which is appraised at $3,500 and is clear and free. They have savings-bank accounts of $1,800 and $1,700 invested in 7% preferred securities. And every dollar of this money has been saved from salary during the past seven years, an average of $1,000 per year.

I am going to tell you their story, or rather let Mr. B. tell it as he related it to me. If you are facing the crisis in your affairs which the B.'s faced in those early days of married life, it may help you to meet it and come off victorious.

Listen to what Mr. B. says:

I am now 37 years of age; married and the Daddy of two children. When I was married I had exactly $750 on hand in cash, inherited from my father's estate. Up to that time I never saved a nickel and if this money hadn't come as a windfall, we could not have been married. I held a good position and was earning $2,000 a year. That was in 1907. For the next three years Jane and I just let things run along, living comfortably on my salary. The $750 which I inherited went for furniture and home needs and we did manage to buy-on the spur of early married ambition, perhaps-$300 more of furniture which we paid for out of my salary. But all the rest of it went for clothing, rent, food, amusement, books, cigars, etc. We spent it as it came and it was always a race between our cash and our bills to see which would be on top at the end of the month. Usually the cash lost. But the bills didn't press or worry me. I ran accounts with tradesmen who knew me and knew I was good for it. But gradually the bills distanced the cash and at the end of three years I was in a hole just $400; and then the situation grew serious because we had a baby and in order to pay the emergency bills of the occasion, I had to let my other creditors wait and they became restless.

Jane and I had tried time and time again to live within my salary and save a few dollars, but it wasn't any use. We lacked the backbone somehow and didn't have the necessary system to help us see it through. One day I came across a remark made by James Hill, the railroad builder, and it set me thinking. It burned itself into my brain. It was this:

"If you want to know whether you are going to be a success or failure in life, you can easily find out. The test is simple and infallible. Are you able to save money? If not, drop out. You will fail as sure as you live. You may not think so, but you will. The seed of success is not in you."

I went home and that evening Jane and I had a long heart-to-heart talk. We sat up

BY ARTHUR H. PATTERSON

until one o'clock, studying, planning, debating, wondering how we could change our shiftless, easy-going habits so that we could feel that we were going to be classified with the successful ones and not the failures.

We made up our minds that from that night on not a penny would be spent for other than bare necessities until every debt had been paid. We resolved to live on half my salary, reasoning that if other people whom we knew could live respectably on $1,000, there was no reason why we shouldn't. Then Jane said: "We ought to keep a cash account and put down just where the money goes. We can't go by guesswork any longer. We've been living that way for three years. We'll begin now to keep a record of our money."

What Jane said brought to my mind an advertisement which I had seen only a few days before, about an Expense Book for family accounts. So I got the magazine and found the ad. It told about the Economy Expense Book for personal and household accounting. The description told me that it was exactly the thing we needed and before going to bed I wrote a letter ordering a copy. In a few days it came, and Jane and I had an interesting session studying it and entering the Cash and Expenditure Items which we had been keeping tab of since the midnight resolution.

That book taught us something about the science of home economics. We learned, for instance, that in a properly arranged budget a man earning the salary I did could save, without stinting, at least 30% of his salary. But we were beating that figure. We had raised the ante to 50% and that without suffering for a single need. Of course, we had cut out the theatre, the cigars, the expensive lunches and we'd begun to get acquainted with some of our discarded clothes all over again. And I learned that rent consumed in the balanced budget 17% % (which was about our cost); food was 25% and we cut it to 21%; clothes 17% we chopped to 5% that first year and it never rose over 10% the first four years.

We started on the new system in April, 1910. The following April when we balanced the books for the first year we found this result: Every single bill paid and $653 in the savings bank! Glorious! We were out of the woods and for the first time in my entire business career I had visions of success on which I could actually stand without breaking through into the quicksands of despair. We celebrated that night in good style with a dinner and the theatre and that's become part of the program ever since-the annual dinner of the board of directors, Jane calls it. The rest is easy. We were on the right track and once started nothing could turn us back.

We stuck right to the original program for three years, living on half my salary and saving the other half. Then I got a raise of $250 and that made it quite a bit easier. A year ago I got another raise, bringing my salary up to $2,500, where it now stands.

I've never had the least trouble, since starting on the first page of my first copy of Woolson's Economy Expense Book, in living within my income and saving money.

That book brought us, not only independence, but it changed me from a worried, half-baked existence into a self-respecting, successful man. I am in a position, as the result of our joint efforts, where I need look to no man for favors; and further than that, my success has brought us into a circle of friends, both business and social, who value us because we are looked upon in our town as worth while" and "the sort who are getting ahead."

Woolson's Economy Expense Book is designed to keep track of the income and expenses of the average family in a systematic manner. Each book is made to contain the records of four consecutive years.

No knowledge of bookkeeping or accounting is necessary to properly keep a Woolson Book. The lifetime experience of an expert accountant is in the book. He devised it for his own household and planned it so his wife could keep it.

Two minutes daily is sufficient to keep it written up to date. At the end of each week and month and year you not only know where every penny went, but you will have an analysis and comparative table of all the various expenditures, showing just what it went for. Every detail of money management is provided for by a simple, easy-system that a 12-year-old child could handle.

This book has proved truly a godsend to thousands because it has taught them a sure way to manage their finances. With it you know every minute just where you are money-wise. It automatically shows every penny of income and outgo; just how much for groceries, dress, rent, medicine, amusement, car-fare, etc.-and all this instantly and plainly. It is not complicated or tiresome. In fact, once you have started keeping a Woolson Book you will find it fascinating as a game and a miser for saving money.

The publishers are desirous, while the interest of the American public is fastened on the problem of high-cost-of-living, to distribute several hundred thousand copies of the new greatly improved edition and are doing it in this way:

Merely write to them and ask that a copy be sent you without cost for a five days' examination. If at the end of the time you decide to keep it, you send $2.00 in payment, or if you wish to return it, you can do so without further obligation. Send no cash. Merely fill in the coupon, supply business reference, mail, and the book will be sent you immediately.

GEORGE B. WOOLSON & COMPANY 120-M West 32nd Street New York City

George B. Woolson & Company

120-M West 32nd Street, New York City Without obligation please send me, all charges prepaid, your book. I agree to send $2.00 in five days or return the book.

Name....

Address.

0-1-16

TEACHERS AGENCIES The PrattTeachers Agency

70 Fifth Avenue, New York Recommends teachers to colleges, public and private schools. Advises parents about schools. Wm. O. Pratt. Mer.

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