FROM THE

CREATION OF THE WORLD

TO THE

BEGINNING OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

BY THE LATE

HON. ALEXANDER FRASER TYTLER,

LORD WOODHOUSELEE,

SENATOR OF THE COLLEGE OF JUSTICE, AND LORD COMMISSIONER OF JUSTICIARY IN
SCOTLAND; AND FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF CIVIL HISTORY, AND GREEK AND
ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.

SIX VOLUMES.

VOLUME THE SECOND.

SECOND EDITION.

LONDON:

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET;

AND

SOLD BY THOMAS TEGG AND SON, CHEAPSIDE.

MDCCCXXXV.

L

کا

HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
APR 7 1961

LONDON:

BRADBURY AND EVANS, PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS. (LATE T. DAVISON.)

CONTENTS.

BOOK THE SECOND.

CHAPTER IV.

ALEXANDER THE GREAT takes and destroys Thebes-Submission

of the Grecian States-Alexander declared General of the

Armies of Greece-Battles of the Granicus and Issus-Siege of

Tyre-Expedition into Egypt-Battle of Arbela-Alexander

at Persepolis-Expedition to India-Return to Susa-Enters

Babylon, and dies-Division of his Empire-Kingdom of

Egypt of Syria.-Page 1.

CHAPTER V.

Flourishing state of Egypt under the Ptolemies-Greece after

the death of Alexander-Achaian League-Revolution at

Lacedæmon-Ambitious Designs of Philip II. of Macedon

draw on him the Vengeance of the Romans-Their Aid soli-

cited by the Ætolians-Macedonia conquered-Greece be-

comes a Roman Province.-Page 40.

CHAPTER VI.

Political Reflections arising from the History of Greece-

Retrospective View-Constitutional Defects in the leading

Republics-A pure Democracy is a Chimera-All Govern-

ment essentially of the Nature of a Monarchy-Error of

Montesquieu's Theory-Fergusson's Idea of a perfect Republic

-Democracy unfavourable to Patriotism-Danger of gene-

ralising in Politics-A rude State of Society favourable to

Patriotism-Greece a strong Instance of this-Character of

Greece after the Roman Conquest.-Page 67.

CHAPTER VII.

The Greeks not eminent in the Useful Arts-Commerce-

Superiority in the Fine Arts-Greek Architecture-Sculp-

ture-Inferiority of the Moderns-Greek Religion favour-

able to Sculpture and Painting-Greek Painters. - Page 85.

CHAPTER VIII.

Public Games of Greece-Effects on Character-Manners-

Poetical Composition anterior to Prose-Homer-Hesiod

-Archilochus-Terpander-Sappho-Pindar-Anacreon—

The Greek Epigram-The Greek Comedy, distinguished into

the old, the middle, and the new-
v-Aristophanes-Menander-

Greek Tragedy-Eschylus-Euripides Sophocles-Mode

of Dramatic Representation-The ancient Drama set to Music

-The Mimes and Pantomimes-Of the Greek Historians

-Herodotus - Thucydides-Xenophon-Polybius - Dio-

dorus Siculus Dionysius of Halicarnassus Arrian

Plutarch.-Page 111.

CHAPTER IX.

GREEK PHILOSOPHY-Ionic Sect-Thales- Anaximander-

Anaximenes-Anaxagoras-Italic Sect-Pythagoras-Em-

pedocles, &c. - Eleatic Sect-Zeno-Leucippus-Democritus

Socrates- Cyrenaic Sect

-

-

Aristippus -

Heraclitus.

Cynics Diogenes - Megaric Sect - Plato - Peripatetics—

Sceptics-Pyrrho-Stoics-Epicureans -Reflec-

Aristotle

tions. Page 154.

BOOK THE THIRD.

CHAPTER 1.

THE ROMAN HISTORY-Earliest Periods of the History of Rome

-Etruscans-Foundation of Rome-Disputed Accounts of

-Romulus--Rape of the Sabines-Origin of the Political

Institutions of the Romans-Union with the Sabines-Numa

-His Institutions - Tullus Hostilius-Ancus Martius-

Tarquinius Priscus.- Page 194.

CHAPTER II.

Servius Tullius, sixth King of Rome-His Political Talents

-Artful Division of the People into Classes and Centuries

-The Census-Lustrum-Tarquinius Superbus-End of

the Regal Government-Reflections on this Period-Consti