Such as made Sheba's curious queen resort Waller. To the Countess of Carlisle. And find, of sheep, and goats, a mingled flock, Under the shelter of a cavern'd rock, The largest and the best the pirate band And to the meadows telling wanton tales, (As ravished with the enamour'd gales) With often turnings casts from side to side. Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. vi. The misery of Florimell, the virtuousnes of Belphebe, the Spenser. Explanations of his Faerie Queene. LA'SSITUDE. Fr. Lassitude, lasseté; Sp. althoughe they be wordes made of Latyne, hauynge none LARK, n. A. S. Lafere; Dut. Lerke, lowerke ; But now his [Edgar's] mixture of vice marred all; espe- Men, by letting themselves loose to all manner of wretch- To lowe lyvynge men the larke is resembled. Yet sang the larke, and Palamon right tho With holy herte, and with an high corage Then like the larke that past the night In heauy sleepe with cares opprest: Yet when shee spies the pleasaunt light, She sends sweete notes from out hir brest. Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2214. Gascoigne. A straunge Passion in a Louer. Thus wore out night, and now the herald lark Left his ground-nest, high tow'ring to discry The morn's approach, and greet her with his song. Milton. Paradise Regained, b. ii. Pride, like an eagle, builds among the stars, But Pleasure, lark-like, nests upon the ground. Young. The Complaint, Night 5. And shrill lark carols clear from her aerial tour. LA'RUM. See ALARM. From the It. All' arme, to arms, al arme, larme, larum. A noisy sound; as if summoning to arms; applied to a machine or instrument, framed to The wailefull warre in time doth yeelde to peace, Turbervile. After Misadventures come good Пaps. His larum bell might lowd and wyde be herd, When cause requyr'd, but never out of time. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 9. Of this nature likewise was the larum mentioned by Wal- LARYNX. Fr. Larynx, laregau; Gr. Aapvyk, A cartilage forming the protuberance in the The exquisite mechanism of the larynx, its variety of muscles, its cartilages, all so exquisitely made for the pur- pose of respiration, and forming the voice, are very admir- able.-Derham. Physico-Theology, b. iv. c. 7. For these seven couple of simple consonants, viz. B P— GK-DT-Z S-Th. Th-V F-J. SH-differ each from its partner, by no variation whatever of articulation; but singly by a certain unnoticed and almost imperceptible motion or compression of or near the larynx; which causes what So in the season when lascivious heat Burns in their veins, two branching-headed stags, Of all the herd competitors for sway, Long with entangled horns persist in strife, Nor yield, nor vanquish. Glover. The Athenaid, b. ii. Ger. Lassen; A. S. Les-an, to lasche) of a whip, i. e. that part of it which is let To let loose, to throw out, to cast out; to strike Many a stripe and many a greuous lashe She gauen to them that wolden louers be. For he lasheth out scripture in bedelem as fast as they Heaping huge strokes as thicke as showre of hayle, And lashing dreadfully at every part. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 6, Which to haue concealed had tended more to the opinion of virtue, than to lash out whatsoeuer his vnstaied mind affoorded.-Holinshed. Rich. II. an. 1397. How smart a lash that speech doth giue my conscience? Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act iii. sc. 1. Juvenal was wholly employ'd in lashing vices, some of The charioteer then whirl'd the lash around, The lash resounds, the coursers spring, Whitehead. The Youth and the Philosopher. Torn from their planks the cracking ring-bolts drew, And gripes and lashings all asunder flew. Falconer. The Shipwreck, c. 2. LASS. From ladde is derived, and formerly The mony for theyr masses Spent among wanton lasses.-Skellon. Boke of Colin Clout. Spenser. Astrophel. Whose shadow the dismissed batchelor loues, Being lasse-lorne.-Shakespeare. Tempest, Act iv. sc. 1. Thus far the sportful Muse with myrtle bound, Has sung where lovely lasses may be found. The rural lass Whom once her virgin modesty and grace, Her artless manners, and her neat attire, So dignified, that she was hardly less Sir T. Elyot. Castel of Helth, b. iv. c. 1. Lassitude is remedied by bathing, or anointing with oile and warm water. The cause is, for that all lassitude is a kind of contusion, and compression of the parts; and bathing, and anointing give a relaxation, or emollition. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 730. The corporeal instruments of action being strained to a Armstrong. The Art of Preserving Health, b. i. Ger. Laist, from the obsolete leissen, imitari, to imitate, (Wachter.) From the Goth. Laistyan, sequi, to follow, (insistere vestigiis, Serenius.) The pattern or form of a foot; the mould or shape on which shoes are made. Let firm, well-hammer'd soles protect thy feet, Thro' freezing snows, and rains, and soaking sleet: Should the big last extend the shoe too wide, to endure; to wear for a long time. To stay, remain, or continue last; to continue, This sorow & this drede lastid him thre gere. Bifore alle thingis haue ye charitie ech to othire in your- silff algatis lastinge, for charitie keuerith the multitude of synnes.-Wiclif. 1 Petir, c. 4. Trewly I was greatly reioysed in myne herte, of her faire behestes, and profered me to be slawe in all that she me wold ordein whyl my life lasted. Chaucer. The Testament of Loue, b. ii. There lasteth nothing but a throwe.-Gower. C. A. Prol. Injustice never yet took lasting root,.. Nor held that long, impiety did win. This circle and ring of things returning always to their principles will never cease as long as the world lasts. Hakewill. Apologie, c. 3. s. 6. Nothing procureth the lasting of trees, bushes, and herbs, so much as often cutting.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 586. And covenants betwixt them surely seal'd, Each to the other lastingly to bind. Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. iii. The ancients depicted friendship in the bearings and signife its activity, and lastingness, readiness of action, and aptnesses to do service.-Bp. Taylor. On Friendship. this kind are most eminent, may be reduced to these four. 1. The lastingness of their motion, without needing of a nev supply.-Wilkins. Dædalus, c. 3. Your sufferings are of a short duration, your joy will las for ever. Hart, Medit, on Christ's Death & Passion, N. 2. LAST. Last is with us (says Skinner) a LA'STAGE. S kind of weight, from the A. S. Hlast- an, be-hlæstan, onerare; to load, or impose a bur- then; Ger. Last, a load or weight; whence (he agein rising of the laste day.-Wiclif. Jon, c. 11. Martha said vnto him: I know yt he shal rise againe in the resurrection at the last day.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Then cometh the sinne that men clepen Tarditas, as when a man is latered or taryed or he wol tourne to God. Chaucer. The Persones Tule. (qv.) and to the load itself. By 21 Rich. II. c. Martha seith to him, I woot that he schal rise agen in the 18,"All maner of ships accustomed to come to the said port (s. of Caleis) out of the countrey of England shall bring with them all their lastage of good stones convenient for stuffing the said beakens," (Rastal, p. 47.) By 31 Edw. I. a weight is declared to be fourteen stone, two weights of wool to make a sacke, and twelve sacks a last. A last of herrings to contain ten thousand, &c. (Id. p. 524.) And see Spelman, in v. Last. So that they shall be free from all toll, and from all custome; that is to say from all lastage, tallage, passage, cariage, &c.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 117. A last of white herrings is twelve barrels, of red herrings 20 cades or thousand ;-and of pilchards 10,000; of corn 10 quarters, and in some parts of England 21 quarters; of wool 12 sacks; of leather 20 dickers, or ten score; of hides or skins 12 dozen; of pitch, tar, or ashes 14 barrels; of gunpowder 24 firkins, weighing a hundred pound each. LATCH, v. LATCH, n. LA'TCHET. Tomline. Law Dictionary. A. S. Lacc-an. See LACE. To lay hold of, to seize, to catch. The noun is applied toThat which catches, and holds fast, (sc.) a door. And if ge latche Lycre, let hym nat askapie. Piers Plouhman, p. 35. Ne that mede may latche, maketh litel tale.-Id. p. 58. Thauh lyers and latche-drawers. and lolleres knocke Let hem abyde tyl the bord be drawe. Id. p. 143. Mald thorgh the Lundries fro London is katched, With hors & harmeis Bristow has scho latched. R. Brunne, p. 120. Loue will none other bird catch Though he set either nette or latch. Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. A stronger than I cometh after me, whose shoe latchet I ain not worthye to stoupe doune and vnlose. The pumie stones I hastly hent Bible, 1551. Mark, c. 1. And threw; but nought avayled: He was so wimble and so wight, From bough to bough he lepped light And oft the pumies latched. Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. March. Himself to ground; and therewithal did show Upon their glittering wings to latch him straight These rurall latches, to his entrance open, I will deuise a death, as cruell for thee As thou art tender to't.-Shakes. Wint. Tale, Act iv. sc. 3. But I haue words That would be howl'd out in the desert ayre, Id. Macbeth, Act iv. sc. 3. I find the latch thy fingers touch'd before, But hast thou yet latcht the Athenian's eyes, LA'TELY. LATENESS. LATTER. Late, the adj. Goth. Lata, tardus, slow; A. S. Late, late; Dut. Laet; Sw. Lat; Goth. Latyan; A. S. Lat-ian, læt-an;-tardare, morari, to be or cause to be slow; to retard, to delay, to let. [The Goth. Lagy-an, to lay,-lagyed, lay-ed, layd, layt, late?. and hence also the Lat. Lat, are?] Let or letted, hindered, kept back or behind, retarded, delayed: it is referred to time back or past, not long before, as the late reign, not that preceding it; the late king, not any preceding him; and is thus extended to any person or thing, lately in being. Last,-latest, latst, last. That this gode folk of Troie ouer come were at the last. His disciples said unto hi: Master, ye Jewes lately sought meanes to stone thee, and wylt thou go thyther agayne. Bible, 1551. Jon, c. 11. Is it mete that the carnal be first, & that thing to be lutermore, which is spiritual & gostly.-Udal. Marke, c. 1. I should be loath To meet the rudeness, and swill'd insolence, Id. Paradise Lost, b. x. This latter rill also is the last that I doo reade of on the South side, and likewise on the West and North, till we haue sailed to S. Jes baie. Holinshed. The Description of Britaine, c. 12. I am so lated in the world, that I Id. Antony & Cleopatra, Act iii. sc. 9. Waller. To the Mutable Fair. Perhaps some doctor, of tremendous paunch, Thomson. Autumn. To crown Achilles' valiant friend with praise Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xvi. Your lateness in life (as you so soon call it) might be improper to begin the world with, but almost the eldest men may hope to see changes in a court. Swift, to Gay, Nov. 23, 1727. Even he, who long the House of Com-ns led, That hydra dire, with many a gaping head, Found by experience, to his latest breath, Envy could only be subdu'd by death. Jenyns. Horace, Ep. 1. b. i. What, indeed, will be the particular effects in the first instance, of that general diffusion of knowledge, which the art of printing must sooner or later produce, and of that spirit of reformation with which it cannot fail to be accompanied, it is beyond the reach of human sagacity to conjecture.-Stewart. Of the Human Mind, Introd. pt. ii. s. 1. LA'TEEN sails, in French, Voiles latines, triangular sails, frequently used by small vessels in the Mediterranean, and also in the castern seas. Can they be-quasi Latina? LATENT. 'Fr. Latent; It. Latente; Lat. LA'TENCY. In a field of ripe corn blown upon by the wind, there will appear as it were waves of a colour (at least gradually) differing from that of the rest of the held; the wind, by depressing some of the ears, and not at the same time others, making the one reflect more from the lateral and strawy parts than do the rest.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. P. 678. LATH. A. S. Latta; Ger. Latte; Fr. LA'THING, n. Latte; Low Lat. Late. Francis LA'THY. separare, to cut, to separate. It may be from the A.S. Lithe, in a consequential application; thin, slender. In plastering likewise of our fairest houses ouer our heads, we vse to laie first a laine or two of white morter tempered with haire vpon laths. Holinshed. The Description of England, c. 12. A small kiln consists of an oaken frame, lathed on every side.-Mortimer. Husbandry. "A home should be built, or with brick, or with stone." Why 'tis plaster and lath; and I think that's all one. Prior. Down Hall, a Ballad, (1715.) Laths are made of fir for inside plaistering and pantile lathing.-Moxon. Mechanical Exercises The which he tossed to and fro amain West. On the Abuse of Travelling. LATHE, (a Turner's,) perhaps from Lith-ian. See LITHE. Could turn his word, and oath, and faith, Hudibras, pt. iii. c. 2. LATHE. In Law Lat. Læstum; A. S. LATIE-REEVE. Lathe, lath, which Spelman derives from the A. S. Lath-ian, ge-lath-ian, congregare; to assemble together, q.d. an assembly or convention. Lathe is also applied to a barn or granary, (sc.) a place where corn or grain is brought together, laid up, or stored. because laden with the produce of harvest. Skinner thinks from lade, Why ne had thou put the capel in the lathe? Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 1085. As Alured divided the shires first, so to him is owing the constitution of hundreds, tithings, lathes, and wapentakes. Drayton. Poly-Olbion. Selden. Illustrations. These shires also he [Alfred] brake into lesser parts, whereof some were called lathes of the word galathian, which is to assemble togither. Holinshed. The Description of England, b. il. c. 4. In some counties there is an intermediate division, between the shire and the hundreds, as lathes in Kent, and rapes in Sussex, each of them containing about three or four hundreds a piece. These had formerly their lathe-recres and rape reeves, acting in subordination to the shire-reeve. Blackstone. Commentaries, Introd. s. 4. The undesignedness of the agreements (which undesignedness is gathered from their latency, their minuteness, their obliquity, the suitableness of the circumstances in which they consist, to the places in which those circumstances occur, and the circuitous references by which they are traced out) demonstrates that they have not been produced writing; the horse was in a lather, i. e. a foaming The words are common in speech, but not in by meditation, or by any fraudulent contrivance. Paley. Evidences, pt. li. c. 7 sweat; the barber lathered his chin. The damsel with the soap-ball lathered him with great axpedition, raising fakes of snow. Smollett. Don Quixote, vol. iii. p. 281. I shall be satisfied with the lathering of my beard, replied the squire, at least at present.-Id. Ib. p. 282. Such fellowes will so Latine their tongues, that the simple cannot but wonder at their talke, and thinke surely they speak by some revelacion. Wilson. Arte of Rhetorike, (1553.) b. iii. Bretheren, this matter of Latinity is but a straw, but let me say this willing defence of a plain falshood, is a block, which your very friends cannot but stumble at. Bp. Hall. Ans. to the Vind. of Smeclymnuus. You shall hardly find a man amongst them [the French] which can make a shift to express himself in that [the Latin] language, nor one amongst an hundred that can do it Latinly.-Heylin. Voyage of France, p. 296. I owe also to Fenton the participle meandered, and to Sir Harte. Religious Melancholy, Advert. W. D'Avenant the latinism of funeral ilicet. Boileau and the French critics affected to despise those authors, [the modern Latin poets] and, for what reason it is difficult to discover, undervalued their Latinity. Eustace. Italy, vol. i. Prelim. Dis. The macaronian is a kind of burlesque poetry, consisting of a jumble of words of different languages, with words of the vulgar tongue latinized, and Latin words modernized. Cambridge. The Scribleriad, b. ii. Note 16. LATIRO'STROUS, i. e. broad-beaked, flatbilled, from latus, broad, and rostrum, the beak. It [the pelican] is palmipedous, or fin-footed, like swans and geese; according to the method of nature in latirostrous or flat-bild birds.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. v. c. 1. Pres. part. of the Lat. Lati LA TRANT. Lat. Latrans, pres. part. of Latrare, to bark; quod eâ voce indicant, quæ noctu latent, latratus appellatus, (Varr. lib. vi.) Vossius prefers ab sono. Barking; clamorous, noisy. Thy care be first the various gifts to trace, Whose latrant stomachs oft molest Green. The Spleen. LATRE UTICAL. Gr. Λατρεύειν, servire, ministrare, to serve, to minister. That in this sacred supper there is a sacrifice in that sense wherein the fathers spake, none of us ever doubted: but that is then, either latrcutical, as Bellarmin distinguishes it not ill, or eucharistical.-Bp. Hall. No Peace with Rome, s.4. LATTEN, or Fr. Laiton, leton; It. Ottone, LA'TOUN. Slatta; Sp. Alaton, laton; Dut. Lattoen; Ger. Lelton; of unknown etymology. Hickes (Gram. Franco-Theotioca, p. 96) says, Ferrum stanno obductum. Omnia a Cimbrico latun, aurichalcum, quasi gladtun, a nitore splendido. And Serenius adds, from Glia, splendere, to shine. See TIN. Archdeacon Narcs contends that it is brass, not tin; and so the Manuel Lexique renders Laiton, métal composé de cuivre rouge et de calamine. B. Jonson renders orichalchum (Hor. Ars Poct. 202,) by latten. If thou laudest and ioyest any wight, for he is stuffed with soche maner richesse, thou art in that beleue begiled. Chaucer. The Test. of Loue, b. i. His stone is the grene emeraude To whom is geuen many a laude.-Gower. Con. A. b. vil. So do well and thou shalt haue laude of the same (that is to say of the ruler.)-Tyndall. Workes, p. 111. Who is lyke thee? So gloryous in holynesse, fearfull, laudable, & that shewest wondres.-Bible, 1551. Exod. c.15. War. 'Tis called Jerusalem, my noble lord, King. Laud be to heauen: Een there my life must end. Shakespeare. 2 Pt. Hen. IV. Act ill. sc. S. I am in this earthly world: where to do harme Sir Richard Scrope is depriued of the chancellorshippe which he had gouerned laudably.-Stow. Rich. II. an. 1382. to make a hymn to the Muses. I have no purpose to enter into a laudative of learning, or Bacon. Of the Advancement of Learning, b. i. My discourse yet shall not be altogether laudatory; but, as Samuel's, led in with exhortation and carried out with threatening.-Bp. Hall. Sermon, March 24, 1613. Not simply a confutation, but a modest confutation with a laudatory of itself obtruded in the very first word. Millon. An Apology for Smectymnuus. [Saint Austin himself] acknowledges those virtuous dispositions and deeds to be the gift of God, to be laudable, to procure some reward, to avail so far, that they, because of them, shall receive a more 'tolerable and mild treatment I gen as flawme of fier, and hise feet lyk latoun. [Chalco- from divine justice -Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 40. libano.]-Wiclif. Apocalips, c. 2. LATTICE, V. }q.d. lett-isen; impediens fer rumentum; iron bars that let or hinder an en- LATITANtare, from lat-ere, to lie hidden sometimes called, formed (and still form) a very LA'TITANCY. or concealed. See LATENT. Lying or lurking hidden or concealed. Snakes, lizards, snails, and divers other insects latilant many months in the year, being cold creatures, containing a weak heat in a crass or copious humidity, do long subsist without nutrition.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 21. It cannot be denied it [the chameleon] is (if not most of any) a very abstemious animal, and such as by reason of its frigidity, paucity of blood, and latitancy in the winter (about which time the observations are often made) will long subsist without a visible sustentation.-Id. Ib. This island (which Tacitus mistaketh no doubt for Mona Cæsaris, and so doth Ptolomie as appeareth by his latitudes) is situat about two miles from the shore of North Wales. Holinshed. Description of Britaine, c. 10. Those who did not carry this so far as to think, as some said they did, that the church was to be pulled down; yet said, a latitudinarian party was like to prevail and to engross all preferments.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1689. He [Wilkins] was look'd upon as the head of the latitudinarians, as they were then stiled: i. e. persons that had no great liking for the liturgy or ceremonies, or indeed the government of this church, but yet had attained to such a largeness and freedom of judgment, as that they could conform, tho' without any warmth or affection for these things. Birch. Life of Tillotson. The nation was less governed by laws than by customs, which admitted a great latitude of interpretation. Ilume. History of England, vol. i. App. 1. He [Jortin] was a lover of truth, without hovering over the gloomy abyss of scepticism; and a friend to free enquiry, without roving into the dreary and pathless wilds of latitudinarianism.-Dr. Parr. Tracts by a Warburtonian. common ale-house sign, (B. Jonson, Every Man in his Humour, Act iii. sc. 1. Notc.) Fr. Clere-voyes,-lattices, or secret holes to spie out at; cross-barred (of wood or iron) through which one may see and not be seen, (Cotgrave.) See JEALOUSY. For out of the wyndowe of my house I loked thorow the lellesse.-Bible, 1551. Prouerbes, c. 7. I know that Alexander was adorned with most excellent vertues, and hurt with very few known vices. For therein it seemeth he hath latticed up Cæsar, and many others of the chiefest in the Greek and Roman history. North. Plutarch, p. 621. Holding a lallis still before his face, Through which he still did peep as forward he did pace. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 11. Of old time our countrie houses in steed of glasse did vse much lallise, and that made either of wicker or fine rifts of oke in checkerwise.-Holinshed. Desc. of Eng. b. ii. c. 12. Phy. Bring in the lellice cap; you must be shaved, sir. Beaum. & Fletch. Monsieur Thomas, Act ili. sc. 1. The cornea of flies, wasps, &c. are so common an entertainment with the microscope, that every body knows it is a curious piece of lattice-work. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. viii, c. 3. Note 1. Of texture firm a lattice-work, that brac'd LAUD, v. Cowper. Task, b. i. Fr. Los; It. Laude; Sp. Laud; Lat. Laus, which Tooke considers to be the A. S. Hlios, past part. of Hlis-an, celebrare, to celebrate. See Los. To celebrate, the deeds, the great or good qualities, the merits of any person or thing; to praise, to commend. Yet, in my opinion, obsolete words may then be laudably revived, when either they are more sounding, or more significant than those in practice.-Dryden. Juvenal, Ded. But he, whom ev'n in life's last stage Is paid, at least, in peace of mind, LAVE, v. LAVA'TION. LAVATORY. LA'VER. Cowper. The Moralizer Corrected. Fr. Laver; It. Lavare; Sp. Lavar; Lat. Lavare, to wash; Gr. Ao-ew, seu λo-eev, ex quo Aov-ev, contractum; to wet or wash. To wash or wet, to bathe, to cleanse or purify with water. LAVA'CRE. And laveth hem in the lavendrie.-Piers Ploukman, p.281. Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 5869. The aulter of incense, the brazen lauer, the anoyntinge oyle.-Bible, 1551. Exodus, c. 30. And in the foure corners were vndersetters vnder the lauatorye.-Bible, 1551. 3 Kings, c. 7. To the end that we shoulde not thynke to bee sufficient, that all our synnes haue been forgeuen vs through the lauacre of baptisme.-Udal. Luke, c.4. His cars hang laving like a new lugg'd swine. Millon. Paradise Regained, b. i. Let us go find the body where it lies The Cardinal's carriage exceeded all bounds of moderation; for when he said mass, he made Dukes and Earls to serve him of wine, with a say taken, and to hold the bason at the lavatory.-Baker. Hen. VIII. an. 1518. Such filthy stuffe was by loose lewd varlets sung before her [Berecynthia] charet on the solemne day of her lavation. Hakewill. Apologie, b. iv. c. 1. 8. 7. The left presents a place of graves, Parnell. A Night Piece. On Death. Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. iii. LAVE, v. (lade.) To draw out, (Lyc.) And, Mr. Tyrwhitt says, "Laved, past part. Fr.drawn, spoken of water taken out of a well." and laued out of the noble welles of his mother Callope the [Orpheus] songe in wepinge, all that euer he had received goddessc.-Chaucer. Boecius, b. iii. Nor shall thy fate, ô Rome, Resist my vow. Though hills were set on hills, I heard a grave and austere clerk, Did on the shore himself laver.-Lovelace. Lucasta, pt. ii. How easy 'tis, when Destiny proves kind, Dryden. Astræa Redux. LAVENDER. Fr. Lavande; It. Lavanda ; Sp. Lavandula ; Low Lat. Lavandula, or lavendula, a word unknown to Pliny and other ancient writers, but Latin in its origin, (sc. lavare, to wash,) for it is so called because it is much sought for in bathing and washing, (Vossius, de Vit. lib. iii. c. 18.) Here's flowres for you; Hot lauender, mints, sauory marjorum. LAUGH, v. LAUGH, n. LA'UGHABLE. LAUGHER. LAUGHING, n. LAUGHINGLY. LA'UGHTER. Shakespeare. Winter's Tale, Act iv. sc. 3. Goth. Hlah-yan; A. S. Hlihan, hlihhan; Dut. Lacchen; Ger. Lachen; Sw. Lee. Generally supposed to be formed from the sound. To laugh at; to deride, to ridicule; to treat with merriment, with derision, contempt, or scorn. To laugh, (met.)-to be, or appear, cheerful, pleasant, benevolent, favourable, propitious, beneficent, fertile. The kyng somdel to lyghe tho he herde this tale. R. Gloucester, p. 146. Lauhynge al a loude. for lewde inen sholde When that ich were witty. Piers Plouhman, p. 88. Woo to you that now leyghen for ye schulen mourne and wepe.-Wiclif. Luke, c. 6. Youre leighing be turned into weping, and ioic into sorewe of herte.-Id. James, c. 4. And Sara sayd: God hath made me a laughing-stocke; for all that heare, will laughe at me.-Bible, 1551. Gen. c. 21. And when he came vp, he told Maiester Bradford (for they both lay in one chamber) that he hadde made the Bishop of London afraid: for (saith he laughingly) his chaplaine gaue him councaile nat to strike me with his crosier staffe, for that I would strike again; and by my troth (said he rubbing his handes) I made him beleeue I would do so indeed.-Fox. Martyrs, p. 1385. Life & Acts of Dr. Taylor. I may therefore conclude, that the passion of laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from a sudden conception of some eminency in ourselves, by comparison with the infirmity of others, or with our own formerly: for men laugh at the follies of themselves past, when they come suddenly to remembrance, except they bring with them any present dishonour.-Hobbs. Human Nature, c. 9. Laughing without offence must be at absurdities and infirmities abstracted from persons, and when all the company may laugh together: for laughing to one's self putteth all the rest into jealousy and examining of themselves.-Id. Ib. Nature hath fram'd strange fellowes in her time: That they'll not shew their teeth in the way of smile, Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Acti. sc. 1. To make the weeper laugh, the laugher weep, Shakespeare. A Louer's Complaint. To compass this, his building is a town, His pond an ocean, his parterre a down: Who but must laugh, the master when he sees, 1 A puny insect, shivering at a breeze. Pope. Moral Essays, pis. 5. The watch-dog's voice that bay'd the whisp'ring wind, And the loud laugh that spoke the vacant mind. Goldsmith. The Deserted Village. Between the laughers and the envious, the book was much ridiculed.-Walpole. Anec. of Painting, vol. iv. c. 1. He tells us Philemon was suffocated by a sudden fit of laughter upon seeing an ass, who found his way into the house, devour a plate of figs, which his page had provided for him.-Observer, No. 151. LA'VISH, v. LA'VISH, adj. LA'VISHER. LA'VISHLY. LA'VISHMENT. LA'VISHNESS. To lave, (Lye,) is to draw out or exhaust: and hence lavish appears to be formed. See the quotations from Sir T. More and Brende. To throw out or away profusely, wastefully, prodigally; to waste, to squander, to dissipate, to disperse, wastefully, or profusely. In al other thing so light and laves [are they] of their tonge.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 250. This was a goodly discipline yt the kinges there had of olde time vsed amongst their subiects, in punishing with losse of life the lauesnes of ye toung, which is ther more greuously chastised then any other cryme. Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 67. A certayne manne (qh. he) goyng farre from home, called hys seruauntes, and deliuered them hys goodes, not to spend them, lauyshe them out prodygally for theyr own pleasure, but to get some aduauntage therefore to theyr mayster, of whom they had receyued the stocke.-Udal. Mall. c. 25. Athough some lauishe lippes, which like some other best, Wyll saye the blemishe on hir browe disgraceth all the rest.-Gascoigne. In Prayse of Lady Sandes. Be not ye niggish, & slouthfull distributours of the doctryne that I gave you, but put it fourth lauishly. Udal. Marke, c. 3. There lavish Nature, in her best attire, Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. v. P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 6. First got with guile, and then preserv'd with dread, And after spent with pride and lavishness. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 7. The magistrate upon theatricall games, jesters, wrestlers, sword-players, and such kinde of men, lavishes out his whole patrimony, and that onely to purchas the applause of the people.-Hakewill. Apologie, b. iv. s. 3. Tertullian very truly observeth,-God is not a lavisher, but a dispenser of his blessings. Fotherby. Allcomania, p. 189. There God himself in glorys lavishness Diffus'd in all, to all, is all full blessedness.' P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 5. For if time be (as Theophrastus called it truely) a thing of the most precious value (or expence) it were a great folly to lavish it away unprofitably.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 15. And this effeminate love of a woman, doth so womanize a man, that, if he yield to it, it will not only make him an Amazon, but a launder, a distaff, a spinner, or whatsoever other vile occupation their idle heads can imagine, and their weak hands perform.-Sidney. Arcadia, b. i. Oft did she heave Her napkin to her eyne, Shakespeare. A Lover's Complaint. Of ladies, chamberers, and launderers, there were aboue three hundred at the least.-Holinshed. Rich. II. an. 1599. About the sixteenth yeere of the queene, began the making of steele poking-sticks, and untill that time all lawndresses vsed setting stickes, made of wood, or bone. Stow. King James, an. 1086. It [his beard] does your visage more adorn, There [the kitchen] the grand affairs of the family ought to be consulted; whether they concern the stable, the dairy, the pantry, the laundry, the celler, the nursery, the diningroom, or my lady's chamber.-Swift. Directions to Servants. Myself, in youth's more joyous reign, LAUREATE, v. LAUREATE, n. LAUREATE, adj. LAUREA'TION. LA'UREL, n. LAURELLED. crown with laurel. Hamilton. Horace, b. ii. Ode 4. It. Laureato; Sp. Laurear, laureado, from the Lat. Laurus, a bay; the modern laurel is a very different plant. To adorn, to deck, to A famous assembly was suinmon'd of late: To crown a new laureat, came Phoebus in state; With all that Montfaucon himself could desire. His bow, laurel, harp. and abundance of fire. Sheffield. The Election of Poet Laureat in 1719. Their temples wreath'd with leaves that still renew; For deathless laurel is the victor's due. Dryden. The Flower and the Leaf. "Just is your suit, fair daughter," said the dame: "Those laurel'd chiefs were men of mighty fame." Id. Ib. Or laurell'd war did teach our winged fleets To lord it o'er the world. Smart. The Hop-Garden. In this reign, the first mention of the king's poet under the appellation of laureate, occurs. John Kay was appointed poet laureate to Edward IV. Warton. History of English Poetry, vol. ii. p. 128. About the year 1470, one John Watson, a student in grammar, obtained a concession to be graduated and laureated in that science.-Id. Ib. p. 129. On which occasion (i. e. taking degrees in grammar) a wreath of laurel was presented to the new graduate, who These was afterwards, usually styled poeta laureatus. scholastic laureations however seem to have given rise to the appellation in question.-Id. Ib. Chaucer. Legende of Good Women, Prol. yer. "Law (says Tooke) was anciently written Feare not he beares an honourable minde, Langh, lagh, lage, and ley; as inlaugh, utlage, laid down, as a rule of conduct." Wachter had Any thing laid down, (sc.) as a rule of action; a rule imposed, fixed or established, decreed or determined; a statute or decree, an edict. And see, further, the quotations from Hooker and Dugald Stewart. Lawing of dogs,—see the quotation from Rastal, and EXPEDITATE. Lawing is used by Sir T. More and Holinshed as equivalent to litigation. Lawes he [Alfred] made rygtuollore, and strengore than er were. A man I salle the make, richely for to lyue, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do vpon the sabboth daye.-Bible, 1551. Ib. And we witen that the law is good if ony man use it lawefulli.-Wiclif. 1 Tym. c. 1. We know that the law is good, yf a man vse it lawfullye. Telle I prey, Sir T More. Workcs, p. 700. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 428. As though I had condempned the lawemaker, lawe, and execution thereof.-Barnes. Workes, p. 207. Lawers hauynge greate desyr to confyrme and establyshe theyr opinions by the lawe of man, say, that it is shame to speake without lawe.-Bible, 1551. Esdras, Pref. Aud he whose dogge is not lawed and so founde, shalbe amerced, and shall pay for the same iii.s. Rastall. Collect. of Statutes, fol. 186. Charta de Foresta. And such lawing shalbe done by the assise commonly used that is to say, that iii. clawes of the forefoote shall bee cut off by the skin.-Id. Ib. c. 4. fol. 185. Such a new hart and lusty courage vnto the lawward canst thou neuer come by of thine owne strength & enforcement, but by the operation and workyng of the Spirite. Tyndall. Workes, p. 40. That which doth assign unto each thing the kinde, that which doth moderate the force and power, that which doth appoint the forme and measure of working, the same we tearme a law. Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. i. § 2. There was such lawing & vexation in the towns, one dailie suing and troubling another, that the veterane was more troubled with lawing within the towne, than he was in perill at large with the enimic. Holinshed. Conquest of Ireland, b. li. c. 38. This [judicial trial of right] yet remains in some cases as a divine lot of battle, though, controverted by divines, touching the lawfulnes of it.-Bacon. Charge against Duels. If it be evil, this is the very end of lawgiving, to abolish evil customs by wholesome laws.-Milton. Tetrachordon. And wrong repressed, and establisht right, Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 1, Shakespeare. Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act v. sc. 3. Spenser. Mother Hubberd's Tale. To which and other law-tractates I refer the more lawyerly mooting of this point which is neither my element, nor my The rules that they make for other men's actions, must, Locke. On Civil Government, b. ii. c. 11. s. 135. The king answered, "No put-offs my lord; answer me presently."-"Then sir," said he, "I think it is lawful for you to take my brother Neale's money; for he offers it." Johnson. Life of Waller. If God's word be there [1 Tim. iv. 5.] taken for his law, Were he a tyrant, who by lawless might Well might I mourn. Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel. As the freeholders were found ignorant of the intricate Hume. History of England, vol. ii. App. 2. LAWN. From the Fr. Linon. (See LINEN.) LAWNY. Cotgrave calls it, and Linomple,—“ a fine, thin, open-waled linnen, much used in Picardie, (where it is made) for women's kerchers and church-men's surplices." The next to it in goodnesse, is the line called Byssus : It was an angry with her lawny veil, Drayton. Moses his Birth and Miracles, b. i. Millon. Reason of Church Government, b. ii. c. 3. The lawn-rob'd prelate and plain presbyter, LAWND, or Blair. The Grave. "Fr. Lande. A land, or laund; a wild untilled, shrubby, or bushy plain," (Cotgrave.) It. and Sp. Landa. Camden calls it"a plaine among trees," (Rem. 118.) It appears to have been applied generally to Plain land; lands untilled, extending between planted lands or woods. Loe from the hill above on th' other side, He [Sir John Chandos] lost the sight [of ye one eye] a fyue yere before, as he hunted after an hart in the laundes of Burdeaux.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. I. c. 270. Sink. Vnder this thick growne brake, wee'l shrow'd Drayton. Pastorals, Ecl. 1. Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. xi. The lawny vale, of every beauteous stone, LAX, adj. tiveness. Dyer. The Ruins of Rome. Fr. Laxatif, (lascher, to loose ;) It. Lassativo; Sp. Laxativo; Lat. Laxativus, from lax-are, to loose. (lax, or laske, (as Holland The writes it,) Minshew terms,laritas intestinorum. Cot grave explains-laxité laxaLax, the adj. Loose, slack, untied, unfastened, unconstrained, unrestricted, dissolute. "A day or two ye shul han digestives Of wormes, or ye take your laxatives." Chaucer. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 14,868. "Now, sire," quod she, "when we flee fro the beames, For Goddes love, as take some laxatif."-Id. Ib. v.14,950. If the juice thereof [garden skirwort] be drunke with goat's milke, it stayeth the flux of the belly called the laske. Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 5. Mean while inhabit laxe, ye Powers of Heav'n. So all I wish must settle in this sum Cartwright. A New-Year's Gift to a Noble Lord. Is it imaginable there should be among these a law which God allow'd not, a law giving permissions laxative to unmarry a wife and marry a lust, a law to suffer a kind of tribunal adultery ?-Milton. Tetrachordon. The vehicle of water and hony, is of a laxative power itself.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 3. If sometimes it cause any laxity it is in the same way with iron unprepared, which will disturb some bodies, and work by purge and vomit.-Id. Ib. b. li. c. 3. The flesh of that sort of fish being lax, and spungy, and nothing so firm, solid and weighty as that of the bony fishes. Ray. On the Creation, pt. il. Rye is more acid, laxative, and less nourishing than wheat.-Arbuthnot. Nature of Aliments, c. 3. Prop. 4. Whence there ariseth a laxity and indigestion in the wound.-Wiseman. Surgery, b. vi. c. 5. The word æternus itself is sometimes of a lax significa tion, as every learned man knows, and sedet, æternumque sedebit, may mean; as long as he remains in Tartarus. Jorlin. On the Christian Religion, Dis. 6. For the free passage of the sound into the car, it is requisite that the tympanum be tense, and hard stretched; otherwise, the laxness of that membrane will certainly dead and crany the sound.-Holder. Elements of Speech. LAY, n. Mr. Tyrwhitt is inclined to believe, And under lynde in a launde. lenede ich a stounde And in a lande as ich lay. All softe walkende on the gras canere. And leoth (the initial h omitted) is said by Somner to be not only "a verse, a song, a song Gower. Con. A. b. iv. of rejoicing, an ode or psalm, but a shout or noise ་ |