If she love good clothes or dressing, have your learned counsell about you every morning, your French taylor, barber, linnéner, &c.-B. Jonson. Silent Woman, Act iv. sc. 1. The lint or nappie doune which linnen cloth beareth in maner of a soft cotton, especially such as commeth of ship sailes that have lien at sea, is of great use in physicke. Holland. Plinie, b. xix. c. 1.

'We be first wash'd to take off its native hue and colour, and to make it white, and afterwards it must be ever and anon washed to preserve and keep it white.-South, vol.vi. Ser.12.

may here compare the soul to a linnen cloth, it must

Back to thy punishment, False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings, Least with a whip of scorpions I pursue Thy lingring. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii. Coughs, asthmas, apoplexies, fevers, rheum, All that kill dead, or lingeringly consume.

Cotton. On Tobacco. pain, but one both very acute and lingring: for we see, that Such a pain it was; and that no stupefying, no transient he together with his two fellow-sufferers had both presence of mind, and time to discourse.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 32.

a series of rings, and generally,) to conjoin, to concatenate.

For Salomon write al that things tweine
Trouth and mercy linked in a cheine.

Lidgate. The Story of Thebes, pt. il;

A jewel, yea a gemme of womanhed, Whose perfect vertues, linked as in chaine, So did adorne that humble wiuely hed, As is not rife to finde the like againe. Vncertaine Auctors. Death of the late Countesse of Pembroke. life.-Gascoigne. A Deuise of a Maske. And so by double lynkes enchaynde themselues in louers'

by beating up strong lime-water with as much good linseed oil as could be made thoroughly to incorporate with it into a very white unguent.-Boyle. Works, vol. v. p. 114.

And I nine times, in linen garbs array'd,
In silent night, nine times to Trivir pray'd.

·Grainger. Tibullus, b. i. Elegy 5. In the different operations, however, which are necessary for the preparation of linen yarn, a good deal more industry is employed than in the subsequent operation of preparing linen cloth from linen yarn. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. iv. c. 8.

LING. A word (says Skinner) of common use in Lincolnshire: it is the Northern name for heath, hether, (Grose.) Bacon distinguishes heath from ling; and in Ayrshire, (v. Jamieson,) a thin long grass is so called. It is also the name of a species of codfish, perhaps (Skinner) a longitudine. Plant bushes, heath, ling, and brakes, upon a wet or marshy ground.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 526.,

There was growing in that place, where they were thus incamped, verie much of that kind of heath or ling, which

the Scotishmen call hadder.

Holinshed. Historie of Scotland. Dongall. When harvest is ended, take shipping or ride, Ling, salt-fish, and herring, for Lent to provide. Tusser. August's Husbandry. LING, ter. In some parts of Saxony, Ling, imago dicitur; and it was customary in A. S. to subjoin it to the name of the father, as Eadmund, Eadmon-ling, (and thus resembling the Gr. as Atreus, Atrides :)-it was further subjoined to denote offspring, or progeny, generally, as duck, duckling. In the former cases, Wachter derives from Lang-en, tangere ;—a son being called ling, velut tangens, quia patrem proxime tangit origine. In the second, he derives from lang-en, pertinere, to pertain (to be-long), and he has several other unnecessary distinctions, with respect to the use and origin of this same termination ling. In A. S. Ing has a force (almost) equivalent to ling, as pend-a, pend-ing; and it may be our common participial and nominal termination ing; used to denote, the added circumstance of pertaining or belonging, of being connected with or dependent upon, derived or deduced from; and ling may be the same syllable with 7 prefixed; being itself a further diminutive, (corrupted from dle,) signifying a deal or division, a part or portion. See Lye; Wachter, Prolegom. sec. 6; and Spelman, Gloss. Archæol. in v. Adelingres. Also Ing, ter. ante.

The quotation explains the usage.

So life for whose preservation nature is so faithfully sollieases do lingeringly destroy, or some acute do hastily snatch it away.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 368.

Slow let the prayers by thy meek lips be sung, Nor let thy thoughts be distanc'd by thy tongue; If ere the lingerers are within a call, Or if on prayers thou deign'st to think at all. Thomson. The Incomparable Soporific Doctor. On yonder cliffs a griesly band, I see them sit, they linger yet, Avengers of their native land. Gray. The Bard. LINGET. Fr. Lingot. An ingot, (qv.) lump, or masse of metal, (Cotgrave.)

vinegar that they may serue for no other vse, (hath been Among the Lacedemonians iron lingots quenched with vsed for moneie.)-Camden. Remaines. Monie.

I love your judgment; whom do you prefer,
For the best linguists ?" and I sillily

Said, that I thought Calepine's Dictionary.-Donne, Sat.4.

And though a linguist should pride himself to have all the tongues that Babel cleft the world into, yet if he have not

studied the solid things in them as well as the words and lexicons, he were nothing so much to be esteem'd a learned man, as any yeoman or tradesman competently wise in his mother dialect only.-Milton. Of Education.

For had they found a linguist half so good,
I make no question but the tower had stood.

Pope. Satires of Donne, Sat. 4. LINIMENT. Fr. Liniment; It. Linimento; Lat. Linimentum, from linire, to anoint; Gr. Aclavew, to render smooth and slippery, as is done by ointment when smeared over any thing. It is in Fr. (Cotgrave) applied to

The rubbing or smearing; and also to the ointment itself. In English only to the latter.

The root brought into a liniment cureth the lentils or red Holland. Plinie, b. xxii. c. 21.

spots, yea and the infection of the leprosie.

The bird turning her head, catches hold upon them with her bill, and a little compressing the glandules, squeezes LINGENCE. Lat. Lingens, pres. part. of out and brings away therewith an oily pap or liniment, most Lingere, to lick. See Locu. fit and proper for the inunction of the feathers and causing their little filaments more strongly to coherc. Ray. On the Creation, pt. i. For the continual secretion of this important liniment, and for the feeding of the cavities of the joint with it, glands are fixed near each joint; the excretory ducts of which glands, dripping with their balsamic contents, hang loose like fringes within the cavity of the joints.

A stick hereof [liquoris] is commonly the spoon prescribed to patients, to use in any lingences or loaches. Fuller. Worthies. Nottinghamshire.

LINGER, v. LI'NGERER. LINGERING, n. LINGERINGLY.

From the A. S. Lang-ian, prolongare, producere, to prolong or lengthen out, to protract or draw out.

Paley. Natural Theology, c. 8. LINK, v. Skinner derives from Ger. LINK, n. Gelenck, which he tells us means LINKING, n. a junction, knot, or fastening, and also the ring of a chain; from Lenk-en, flectere, to bend; he has no authority for gelenck so used. And link is probably from the A. S. Lencgan, to lengthen; meaning, a length: Add another There muste be no Ungering, the daungier is so neare at link, i. e. a length, to the chain. It is applied to

To lengthen, to protract; to remain or continue long; to move tardily or slowly; to stay, stop, or remain inactive.

But as they that make haste are partakers of helth, so they that linger are al partakers of perill. Udal. Matthew, c. 3.

hand.-Id. Ib.

Of lingring doubtes such hope is sprong pardic,
That nought I inde displeasant in my sight.
Surrey. Bonum est mihi, &c.

The parts by which a chain is extended to its length; to the parts of which a chain is formed. To link is

To connect or fasten together; to combine, (as

A playne settynge foorthe of the sence of the texte wyth as many woordes as the circumstaunce thereof, for the better Udal. Luke, Pref. And thou shalte make hokes of golde and two cheines of fyne golde: lynkeworke and wrethed.-Bible. Exodus, c. 28. Be advized for the best,

Ere thou thy daughter linck, in holy band Of wedlocke, to that new unknowen guest.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 12. I know I had divulg'd a truth link'd inseparably with the most fundamental rules of Christianity, to stand or fall together.-Millon. Judgment of M. Bucer concerning Divorce. As nature has framed the several species of beings as it were in a chain, so man seems to be placed as the middle link between angels and brutes.-Spectator, No. 408.

All the tribes and nations that composed it [the Roman Empire] were linked together, not only by the same lawS and by the same government, but by all the facilities of commodious intercourse, and of frequent communication. Eustace. Italy, vol. i. c. 10.

Of this point, each machine is a proof, independently of all the rest. So it is with the evidences of a divine agency. The proof is not a conclusion which lies at the end of a chain of reasoning, of which chain each instance of con

trivance is only a link, and of which, if one link fail the whole falls, but it is an argument separately supplied by every separate example.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 6.

LINK. Not from the Gr. Avxvos, but from Ger. Lencken, flectere, to bend, quia Resina tla complicatur, (Skinner.)

Nymphidius supposing the souldiers had called him, as hasting to confirme the waueringe, and preuent the tumult, went thither himselfe without torches and linckes.*

Savile. Tacitus. Historie, p. 10.

O may no link-boy interrupt their love.-Gay. Trivia, b.ii,
Though thou art tempted by the link-man's call
Yet trust him not along the lonely wall;
In the mid-way he'll quench the flaming brand,
And share the booty with the pilfering band.-Id. Ib. b. iii,

LINNET. Fr. Linotte, linaria avis; so called, perhaps, because it feeds on line, or flax, or on the seeds of flax.

"What meaneth this?" Said then the linet; "welcome lord of blisse." Chaucer. The Court of Loue. The linnels be in manner the least birds of all others: howbeit they be very docible.-Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 42. Perch'd on the cedar's topmost bough, And gay with gilded wings, Perchance the patron of his vow, Some artless linnet sings.

Shenstone. Valentine's Day, (17.) LINSEL. 2 Vestis ex lanâ et lino simul LINSEY-WOOLSEY. mixtis confecta, (Skinner.) A vest made of wool and linen mixed together. Applied to,—

Any flimsy texture; any thing flimsy.

Casting a thyn course lynsel ore his shoulders,
That torne in pieces trayld upon the ground.

Cornelia, (1594.) Lo. E. But what linsie-wolsy hast thou to speake to va againe.-Shakes. All's Well that Ends Well, Act iv. sc. 1. A lawless linsy-wolsey brother, Half of one order, half another.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. No flimsy linsey-wolsey scenes I wrote With patches here and there like Joseph's coat. Churchill. The Apology, LINSTOCK. A torch or match to let off LI'NTEL. guns, &c.; from the Ger. Lunte; Dut. Lonte; i. c. lint, or linen; Lat. Linteum q.d. linteum sulphuratum, linen prepared with brimstone, (Skinner,) (or other combustible material.) And stock or stick. The Ger. Lunte was first applied to a kind of tinder so prepared to receive the fire struck from flint, (Wachter.)

'A linestoke fell into a barrell of powder, and set it on fire together with the vessell.-Slow. Q. Eliz. an. 1563.

The distance judg'd for shot of every size,
The linstoc's touch, the pondrous ball expires.
Dryden. Annus Mirabilis.

LINT.

The head-piece of the door or casement.

And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it: their voyce shall sing in the windows, desolation shall be in the thresholds, for he shall uncover the cedar work.-Bible. Zephaniah, il. 14.

And with the blood thereof [a lamb] coloured the post and lintern of the doors.

Ralegh. History of the World, b. ii. c. 3. s. 4. Fr. Lion; Sp. Leon; It. Lione; Lat. Leo; Gr. Aewv; Dut. Leeuw; Ger. Lew. Wachter rejects the LI'ONSHIP. etymology of Porphyry from the Gr. Aaw, video, and affirms the A. S. Hlew-an, to roar.

Lionly, (met.)-magnanimous and majestic (as

a lion.)

There is not so good compression made upon the lips of the wound thro' those holes, as to hinder them from thrust

Lip-devotion will not serve the turn; it undervalues the very things it prays for. It is indeed the begging of a denial, and shall certainly be answered with what it begs. South, vol. vi. Ser. 10. It [the Italian language] glides from the lips with facility, and it delights the ear with its fulness, and its harmony. Eustace. Italy, vol. iv. Diss. 4. LIPO THYMY. Fr. Lipothamie; Gr. AeroOvula, λein-ew, to leave or quit, and Ovuos, the mind.

A swooning, wherein the patient seems dead. Cotgrave,-i. e. wherein his soul seems to have left him.

In lipothymies or swoundings he used the frication of this finger [the ring-finger] with saffron and gold. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 4. LIPPITUDE. Fr. Lippitude; It. Lippitudine; Lat. Lippitudo; lippus, from Xeiß-ev, fundere,

In oil of aniseeds, which I drew both with and without fermentation, I observed the whole body of the oil in a cool place to thicken into the consistence and appearance of white butter, which, with the least heat, resumed its former liquidness.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 536.

Round as a globe, and liquor'd every chink,
Goodly and great he sails behind his link.

Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel.

A fermented liquour, for example, which is called beer. but which, as it is made of molasses, bears very little resemblance to our beer, makes a considerable part of the common drink of the people in America. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 3. Their stony ribs And min'ral bowels, liquified by fire, O'erwhelm the fields, by Nature left unbless'd. Glover. The Athenaid, b. L

The insect youth are on the wing,
Eager to taste the honied spring,
And float amid the liquid noon.

Gray. Ode on the Spring.`
But ere his lips essay'd
The moistening liquid, from the neighbouring shade
A rustic starting swift, his courser took,
Leapt on his back, and turned him from the brook.
Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xxii.

A senseless jumble, soon liquidated by a more egregious act of folly, the King with his own hand crowning the young Duke of Warwick King of the Isle of Wight. Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. I. c. 2. LIRE. See LEER. It is in our old romances

Hys mouth ys as a leon, hys herte arn as an hare.
That was S. Edmunde, cruelle als a leon.
I am delyuered fro the mouth of the lyoun.

R. Brunne, p. 44. Wiclif. Tyle, c. 3.

Alas, than commeth a wild lionesse.

Chaucer. The Legend of Thisbe.

Wythin a large wyldernesse,
Where was lyon and leonesse,
The leparde, and the tygre also. Gower. Con. 4. b. iv.
They rejoyce

Each with thir kind lion with lioness.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. viii. His sonne king Richard had for surname Corde-Lion, for his lion-like courage.-Camden. Remaines. Surnames.

The church coveting to ride upon the lionly form of jurisdiction, makes a transformation of herself into an ass, and becomes despicable, that is, to those whom God hath enlighten'd with true knowledge.

Milton. Reason of Church Government, b. ii.

When the gaunt lioness, with hunger bold,
Springs from the mountains tow'rd the guarded fold;
Through breaking woods her rustling course they hear;
Loud and more loud the clamours strike the ear
Of hounds and men.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. x.

Strip but this vizor off, and sure I am
You'll find his lionship a very lamb.

Goldsmith. Epilogue to the Comedy of the Sisters.

A. S. Lippa; Dut. Lip; Ger. Lippe; LIP, v. LIP, n. Sw. Lapp, (from the Lat. Labium, Skinner.) Wachter-from Ger. Leiben, to divide, to separate. Not improbably from lap, to fold over, as the lips fold over the mouth.

To lip,-to touch with the lips, to kiss. Lip is applied generally, to the edge of any thing that folds or may fold or lap over.

Cotgrave has lippe, a lip; and lippa, thick lipped, great-lipt; also, a powting or hanging the lip, as a child that's ready to cry.

Lip-good,-(met.) good in words only.
Philip bote on hys lyppe, and perceyued R. thought.
R. Brunne, p. 155.
This peple honourith me with lippis.
Wiclif. Matthew, c. 15.
This people honoureth me with their lyppes.
Bible, 1551. Ib.
Hir lippes shronken ben for age.-Gower. Con. A. b. i.
There is gold, and heere

My blewest vaines to kisse; a hand that kings
Haue lipt, and trembled kissing.

Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act ii. sc. 5.
The honey-suckles would he often strip,
And lay their sweetnesse on her sweeter lip.

Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. ii. s. 4.
Wish'd liberty

Nee're lovelyer looks, than under such a crowne.
But, when his grace is meerely but lip.good,
And, that no longer than ho ayres himselfe,
Abroad in publick, &c.

tears.

A running of the eyes, blear-eyedness.

Those [diseases] that are infectious, are; First, such as are chiefly in the spirits, and not so much in the humours; and therefore pass easily from body to body: such are pestilences, lippitudes, and such like. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 297.

LIQUATE, v. LIQUA'TION. LIQUEFY, U. LIQUEFI'ABLE.

Fr. Liquide, liqueur; It. Liquido, liquore; Sp. Liquido, lecor; Lat. Liquidus, liquor, from liquare, to melt; and this Vossius derives from the old Lat. word Lix, which he contends signified water, and hence liquare, to reduce to water, or to a fluid state. To liquate or liquefy,-to dissolve, to melt.

LIQUEFACTION. LIQUID, adj. LIQUID, n. LIQUIDATE, V. LIQUIDITY. LIQUIDNESS. LIQUOR, v. LIQUOR, n. dissolved, melted; easily; diluted, thin. To liquidate,-to clear off, and, thus, to diminish, to lessen.

Liquid,-watery or fluid, fluent, flowing clearly and

Whanne that April with his shoures sote
The droughte of March hath perced to the rote
And bathed every veine in swich licour,
Of whiche vertue engendred is the flour.

Chaucer. Prologue, v. 3. Yea though he go vpō the playne and liquide water which will receaue no stepe.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 265. The disposition not to liquefie proceedeth from the easie emission of the spirits, whereby the grosser parts contract. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 840. Liquefiable, and not liquefiable, proceed from these causes: liquefaction is ever caused by the detention of the spirits, which play within the body, and open it.-Id. Ib.

Ordinary liquation in wax and oily bodies is made by a gentler heat, where the oil and salt, the fixed and fluid principles, will not easily separate. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 1. Ard cart-wheeles squeak not when they are liquored. Bacon. Naturall Historic, § 117. The longer malt or herbs, or the like, are infused in liquour, the more thick and troubled the liquour is; but the longer they be decocted in the liquour, the clearer it is. Id. Ib. § 308. Contrarie to the nature of other liquid substances, whose grоonds and leeze doo generallie settle downewards.

Holinshed. Description of England, b. ii. c. 6. Ye now with liquid arms embrace the wand'ring shore. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 6. The spirits, for their liquidity, are more uncapable then the fluid mediutn, which is the conveyer of sounds, to persevere in the continued repetition of vocal airs. Glanvill. Vanily of Dogmatizing, c. 4.

If the salts be not drawn forth before the clay is baked,

Liripipie,-hooded, as a graduate.

Sir Greg. So, so, I have my lerrepoop already.

Beaum. & Fletch. Wit at several Weapons, Act i.

And whereas thou takest the matter so farre in snuffe, I will teach thee thy lyrripups after an other fashion than to be thus malpertlie cocking and billing with me that am thy gouernour.-Holinshed. Description of Ireland, c. 6. A. S. Wlisp. Dentiloquus, per

LISP, v.
LISP, n.
LI'SPING, n. Lispen, lispelen; Ger. Lispeln;

ner declares must be formed from the sound. Aristophanes, however, uses the expression dis Anyλwooa, which is interpreted a slippery, stuttering tongue, and some etymologists decide for a Greek original. Stuttering or stammering is distinguished by Wilkins from lisping; he considers both to be defects of speaking, the first as to the continuity of speech, the second as to the prolation of particular letters. (Real Character, pt. ii. c. 9.) Lisping, or—

The defect in the prolation (as Wilkins terms it) or utterance of particular letters arises from striking the tongue against the inside of the teeth.

Somewhat he lisped for his wantonness
To make his English swete upon his tonge.

Chaucer. Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, v. 267. Such ceremonies were vnto them as an A, B, C, to learne to spell and read, and as a nurse to feede them with mylke and pappe, and to speake vnto them after their own capacity and to lispe the wordes vnto them accordyng as the babes and children of that age might sound them agayne. Tyndall. Workes, p. 12.

With that I sent the prattling wench away,
Lest when my lisping guilty tongue should halt,
My lips might prove the index to my fault.

Drayton. Rosamond to King Henry,

Here's powder to inspire the lungs,
Here's water that unties your tongues,
Spite of the law, 'twill set you free,
To speak treason only lispingly.

Brome. The New Mountebank. I remember a race of Lispers, fine persons, who took an aversion to particular letters in our language: some never uttered the letter II, and others had as mortal an aversion to S.-Tatler, No. 77.

i. e. to learning; pursuing or devoted to learning, to learned studies.

Literator,-used by Burke contumeliously, as in Latin;-pretenders to Literature.

In youthe a maister had this emperour
To techen him lettrure and curtesie.

Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,415.

When God sayd, out of Egipt cauled I my sonne, which although it were literally fulfilled in the childre of Israel whe he brought them out [of] Egipt with great power and wonders, yet was it also ment & verified in Christ hymselfe, his very spirituall sonne, which was cauled out of Egipt after ye death of Herod.-Fryth. Workes, p. 120.

It hath but one simple litterall sense whose light the owles can not abide.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 1.

Howe happye are we Englishme of such a king, in whose childehood appeareth as perfcict grace, vertue, godly zele, desire of literature, grauitie, prudece, iustice, & magnanimitie, as has heretofore been found in kings of most mature age, of ful discrecio, of auncient reigne, and of passing high estimacion.-Udal. Paraphrase, Pref. p. 2.

And if none of these considerations, with all their weight and gravity, can avail to the dispossessing him of his precious literalism, let some one or other entreat him but to

read on in the same 19th of Matthew, till he come to that place that says, some make themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake. And if then he please to make use of Origen's knife, he may do well to be his own carver. Millon. Doct. and Disc. of Divorce, b. ii. c. 17.

Let the extreme literalist sit down now, and revolve whether this in all necessity be not the due result of our Saviour's word.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 20.

Let those who are still bent to hold this obstinate literalily, so prepare themselves, as to share in the account for all these transgressions, when it shall be demanded at the last day, by one who will scan and shift things with more than a literal wisdom of equity.-Id. Ib. b. i. c. 14.

How wild a paradox it is to tie those frequent and large promises of the prophets made to Judah and Israel, Zion and Jerusalem, to a carnal literality of sense; and to make account of their accomplishment accordingly.

Bp. Hall. The Revelation Unrevealed, § 15.

It can admit neither distinction, nor other construction than the words bear literally.

Ralegh. History of the World, b. i. c. 7. s. 15. Surely this is the proper function of literate elegancy, to figure vertue in so lively and fresh colours, that our imagination may be so taken with the beauty of vertue, as it may invite our mindes to make love to her in solitude.

Mountague. Devoute Essayes, pt. i. Treat. 19. s. 3.

In the daies of this Gregorie also, there liued that famous clearke, John Scot, a Scotishman indeed borne, but brought vp in studie of good iterature at Athens.

Holinshed. History of Scotland. Gregorie, an. 893. The common way which we have taken, is not a literal translation, but a kind of paraphrase, or somewhat which is yet more loose, betwixt a paraphrase and imitation. Dryden. Juvenal, Ded. How dangerous it is in sensible things to use metaphorical expressions unto the people, and what absurd conceits they will swallow in their literals!!

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 10.

With these, and some akin to these,

The living few who grace our days,
I live in literary case,

My chief delight their taste to pleaso
With soft and unaffected lays.

Cooper. The Retreat of Arislippus, Epist: 1. Lord Bacon was the first person who took this comprehensive view of the different departments of study; and who pointed out to all the classes of literary men, the great end to which their labours should conspire; the multiplication of the sources of human enjoyment, and the extension of man's dominion over nature.

Stewart. Of the Human Mind, pt. ii. s. 2. Introd. They teach the people, that the debauchers of virgins, almost in the arms of their parents, may be safe inmates in their houses, and even fit guardians of the honour of those husbands who succeed legally to the office which the young literators had pre-occupied, without asking leave of law or conscience.-Burke. Let. to a Member of the Nat. Assembly.

They systematically corrupt a very corruptible race, (for some time a growing nuisance amongst you) a set of pert, petulant, lilerators, to whom, instead of their proper, but severe, unostentatious duties, they assign the brilliant part of men of wit and pleasure, of gay, young, military sparks, and danglers at toilets.-Id. Id.

Our descendants may possibly contemplate with equal ridicule and surprise, the preposterous partiality which the present age has shown to the frippery and the tinsel of French literature.-Eustace. Italy, vol. ii. c. 10.

LITH. Goth. Litha; A. S. Lith; Ger. Lid; Dut. Lide; Sw. Leed. Perhaps lithe, flexible,

Sithen the day that she was sevennight old,
That trewelich she hath the herte in hold
Of Chaunteclere, loken in every lith.

Chaucer. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 14,881.
She hath no lith without a lacke
But like vnto the woll sacke.

LITHE, adj. LITHE, v. LITHER.

To strive or contend; to carry on a strife or contest, (sc. by suit at law;) to dispute at law, or in courts of law.

Of which leligious famelies

Heer mapped be the lines,
Euen till the heire of these two heires
Both stockes in one combines.

Warner. Albion's England, b. vi. c. 32.
Ah! how perverse and froward is mankinde!
Faction in Courts does us to rage excite :
The rich in cities we litigious find,

And in the field th' ambitious make us fight.

LITHERNESS.

LITHERLY.

And,

After the death she cried a thousand sithe,
Sens he that wont her wo was for to lithe,
She mote forgone.-Chaucer. Troilus & Creseide, b. iv.
Right faire shoulders and body long
She had, and arms euer lith.

Id. Dreame.
For he [the god of love] may do all that he may devise
And lithy folk to destroyen vice.
Id. The Cuckow & Nightingale.
"Nay, therof care you not," quod Nicholas :
A clerk had litherly beset his wile,
But if he coude a carpenter begile.

Id. The Milleres Tale, v. 3300. And euery stede Whiche shulde stonde vpon the feithe, And to this cause an eare leithe Astonyed is of the quarele.-Gower. Con. A. Prol. And lewde lither losill that liste not to ryse maye lye styll in his bedde.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 509. And that some man after the maner of Christ had leyther feede of fishe, then fine brothe.-Barnes. Workes, p. 374. But my learning is of an other degree, To taunt theim like liddrous, lewde as thei bee.

Skellon. Selaunder & False Delractions, &c. She instilleth in the inhabitants a drowsie lithernesse to hidden jewels.-Holinshed. Description of Ireland, c. 4. withdraw them from the insearching of hir hourded and

The Earle of March sent for the forenamed Thomas, and told him that he had mistaken his marks, in prophesieng of anic such notable tempest as he had spoken of the night before, considering it prooved as lithe a daie, without appearance of anic tempest to insue.

Id. History of Scotland. Alexander.

His dewelap as lythe as lasse of Kent.

Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. Februarie. Two Talbots winged through the lither skie, In thy despight shall scape mortalitie. J

Shakespeare. 1 Pt. Hen. VI. Activ. sc. 7. He [the dwarf] was waspish, arch, and litherlic, But well Lord Cranstoun served he.

Scott. Lay of the Last Minstrel, c. 2. LITHOMANCY. Fr. Lithomantic; Gr. A100s, a stone, and μarтeveσbaι, to prophecy, or predict. As strange must be the lithomancy, or divination, from this stone, whereby Helenus the prophet foretold the destruction of Troy.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 3.

LITHO TOMY. Į LITHO'TOMIST.

Gr. Λιθοτομια, from, λιθος, a stone, and Teμve, to cut.

This party being troubled with a very great stone in his bladder, and having had it searched by divers lithotomists, before he came to the Spaw, did, by very copiously drinking these waters, find, by a second search made by those artists, that this stone was much diminished the past year. Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 198. Fr. Litiger; It. Litigare; Sp. Litigar; Lat. Litigare, from lis, litis, strife; which Vossius thinks formed from elis, and that from the Gr.

LITIGATE, v.
LITIGANT.
LITIGATION.
LITIGIOUS.
LITIGIOUSNESS.
Epis, of the same signification.

Davenant. Gondibert, b. i. c. 1. The cast litigant sits not down with one cross verdict but recommences his suit.-Decay of Christian Piety. Judicial acts are all those writings and matters which the instance of one or both of the parties litigant.

Ayliffe. Parergon.

They view'd the ground of Rome's litigious hail :
Once oxen low'd, where now the lawyers bawl.

Dryden. Virgil. Eneis, b. viii.
Dar'st thou still litigate thy desperate cause,
Spite of these numerous awful witnesses,
And doubt the deposition of the skies.

Young. Complaint, Night 9. Nothing quells a spirit of litigation like despair of success: therefore nothing so completely puts an end to law-suits, as a rigid adherence to known rules of adjudication.

Paley. Moral Philosophy, b. vi. c. 8.

But if two presentations be offered to the bishop upon the same avoidance, the church is then said to become liligious; and, if nothing farther be done, the bishop may suspend the admission of either, and suffer a lapse to incur.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 16.

Here it would be dangerous to have the passion of litigiousness; this supposes a violent desire of obtaining justice, a strong aversion, a hurry of mind, and an obstinacy in pursuing revenge.-Montesquieu. Spirit of Laws, b. vi. c. 2.

LITTER, v. Fr. Lictière; It. Lettiera, let

LITTER, n. } tiga. It.

Lat. Lectus, a bed or couch. A litter on which persons are carried. Litter for horses, a bed, (sc.) of straw, and hence applied to the straw.

To litter, to strew a bed; to scatter straw; to be brought to bed, (sc.) to be in the straw.

A litter of pigs, the number thus brought forth and so, of kittens, &c.

A litter, a scattering, (sc.) of straw, and then, generally, a scattering; a sluttish or slovenly scattering.

To litter, to make such strewing or scattering. They shall brynge all your brethren for an offerynge vnto the Lorde, oute of all people, vpon horses, charettes, and horse lytters.-Bible, 1551. Isaiah, c. 46.

And he [Laban] brought lytter and prouander for the camels.-Id. Genesis, c. 24.

In littour laid, they led him unkouth wayes.

Vncertaine Auctors. Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Death, Mene. I wold they were barbarians, as they are, Though in Rome litter'd: not Romans, as they are not, Though calued i' th' porch o' th' Capitole.

Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act iii. sc. 1.

From hence
Rid is the country justice, whose non-sence
Corrupted had the language of the inne,
Where he and his horse litter'd,

Habington. Caslara, pt. ii. To Mr. E. C.

I haue ore-heard a plot of death vpon him
There is a litter ready, lay him in't
And driue toward Douer friend.

Shakespeare. Lear, Act iii. sc. 6.
I doe heere walke before thee, like a sow, that hath o're.
whelm'd all her litter, but one.
Id. 2 Pt. Hen. IV. Act i. sc. 2.
Where they found
The room with volumes litter'd round.
When a wood
Of litters thick besiege the donor's gate.

Swift. Cadenus § Vanessa.

Dryden. Juvenal, Sat. 2.

Profusion, unrestrain'd, with all that's base

In character, has litter'd all the land,
And bred, within the mem'ry of no few,
A priesthood, such as Baal's was of old,

A people, such as never was till now.-Cowper. Task, b. it.

Then to their roots

The light soil gently move, and strew around
Old leaves or litter'd straw, to screen from heat
The tender infants.
Dodsley. Agriculture, o. 2.

On beds and litters o'er the margin laid
The dying lift their hollow eyes, and crave
Some pitying hand to hurl them in the wave.
Mickle. The Lusiad, b.

In the sow, the bitch, the rabbit, the cat, the rat, which have numerous litters, the paps are numerous, and are disposed along the whole length of the belly; in the cow and mare they are few.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 14.

LITTLE, adj The diminutive of Lite, in LITTLE, n. A. S. Lyt, lyte; Goth. Leitel; LITTLENESS. A. S. Lytel; Dut. Luttel; Ger. Litzel; Sw. Lyten. Skinner thinks from lith, a member, a part, quia, (sc.) pars est minor toto, because part is less or smaller than the whole. The diminutive termination el, is considered by Tooke to be (dle) the A. S. Dal, a deal or part.

A little, a small part, or portion, or degree; a small matter.

Little, adj.-small, diminutive; (met.) trifling, inconsiderable, mean. Litling, (Chaucer,)—very little, (Tyrwhitt.)

A litelle harenesse hathe chaunged some what his colour. R. Gloucester, p. 481. The kyngdom of Westsex, he sais, it was not litelle. R. Brunne, p. 8. But what seest thou a lilil mote in the yghe of thi brothir, and seest not a beem in thin owne yghe?

Wiclif. Matt. c. 7. Chaucer. House of Fame, b. iii. And whosoever shall offende one of these lytelons that beleue in me, it were better for hym that a mylstone were hanged about hys necke and that he were cast into the sea, Bible, 1551. Mark, c. 9.

With many a floite and litling horne.

I upon my frontiers here

LIVE, v. LIVE, adj. LIVE, n. LIVE-LESS, or LIFELESS. LI'VELODE, or LIVELIHOOD. LIVELY, or LIFELY. LIVELILY. LIVELINESS. Li'VELONG. LIVER. LIVING, n. Li'VISH. Life.

LIFE-FULL. or hereafter.)

Goth, Lib-an; A. S. Libb-an, (Robert of Gloucester, libbe,) lyfian; Ger. Leb-en, leib-en; Dut. Leven; Sw. Lef-wa, which Junius and Wachter think may be the A. S. Lyf-an; Ger. Leib-en, to leave; - manere, remanere, superesse, superstitem esse. Quid enim (says Wachter) quid enim est vivere, nisi superare. See BELEAVE, BELIEVE, and LEAVE.

To remain, to continue, to dwell; to remain, to continue, (sc.) to breathe; in a state of animation, of existence; to be or have being, to exist, (here

To gain or procure, to use, employ, manage, or conduct the means of life; or that which supports or maintains life.

To be in a state of action or motion, of growth or increase, animal or vegetable.

Life, the noun, is opposed to death: it also is applied

Keep residence; if all I can will serve

All trying by a love of littlenesse

Id. Samson Agonistes.

To make abridgements, and to draw to lesse,
Even that nothing, which at first we were.

Donne. Letter to the Countess of Salisbury, (1614.) I confess, I love littleness almost in all things, a little convenient estate, a little cheerful house, a little company, and a very little feast.-Cowley. Ess. Of Greatness.

From such wise and prudent men (conceited of their little wisdoms, and doting upon their own fancies) God did conceal those heavenly mysteries; which they would have despised and derided.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 41.

These [evils] fate ordains, and heav'ns high will hath sent In humble littleness submit content.

But those thy folly brings in time prevent.

Somervile, Fab. 8.

Fr. Liturgie; It. and Sp. LITURG, adj. Liturgia, gut. Liturgia, Gr. AEITOUрyiu, a public work, a public office; λETOV, public,

LITURGICK, n. LITURGICAL. and epyov, a work. church to

Applied in the christian

A form of public devotion; a form of prayer and thanksgiving, to be ministered in public.

So that if the liturgies of all ancient churches throughout the world be compared amongst themselves, it may easily be perceived that they had one originall mold, and that the publike prayers of the people of God in churches throughly settled, did neuer vse to be voluntarie dictates, proceeding from any man's extemporall wit.

Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 25. Answ. Yes the time is taken up with a tedious number of liturgical tautologies and impertinences.

Milton. Animad. upon Remonstrants' Defence. Surely he will own her in the use of the words he commanded, and make her passage easy from her liturgics here, to those above, where they rest not day and night, saying, Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come.-Comber. Hist. of Liturgies, c. 9. s. 4.

The like may be said of Saint James, if he (as the Roman church doth in its liturgicks suppose) were an apostle.

Barrow. Of the Pope's Supremacy. Liturgies, or preconcerted forms of public devotion, being neither enjoined in scripture nor forbidden, there can be no good reason for either receiving or rejecting them, but that of expediency.-Paley. Moral Philosophy, b. v. c. 5. At all liturgic pray'r and praise it storms, As man's inventions, spirit-quenching forms.

Byrom. Expostulation with a Sectarist.

The Te Deum, Benedictus, Magnificat, Jubilate, Nunc Dimittis, and the rest of the liturgic hymns, were supposed to be contaminated by their long and ancient connection with the Roman missal.

Warton. History of English Poetry, vol. iii. s. 27.

beings.

Life is much used-prefixed.

'The Scottes seide, that that lond nolde not y now be
To hem bothe to lyue bi, as heo mygte y se.
R. Gloucester, p. 41.
And gef he mygte libbe lenger, he nolde drede nogt.
Id. p. 123.

That ende heo founden al bare. heo bi leuede there
And swonke and tilede here lyflode and al maistres were.
Heo fonden hem sustynance y now and lyueden thus
forth.

The Brytones in tho South half, and heo in the North.
Id. Ib.

"Myn heye Godes," quoth this mayde, [Gornorille,] "to wytnesse I take echon,

That y loue more in myn herte thi leue bodi one,
Than myn soule and my lyf, that in my bodi ys."
Id. p. 30.

For he seide, "thou ne louest me nougt as thi sostren doth,

Ac despisest me in myn olde liue.-Id. p. 31.

That to the Kyng Egbriht alle were thei gyuen
For ther heritage ther to die or lyuen.-R. Brunne, p. 27.
He brouht hir Inglond, & sithen lyued tuo gere.
Id. p. 20.

Foure & tuenty gere was he kyng, & thorgh no folie
Neuer in his lyue a fote of londe he les.-Id. p. 27.

sell called in London for the correccyon of the vicyous
About the xxi yere [of Henry I.] there was a great coun-
tyuynge of Preestes to be done by the Kinges officers.
Id. p. 107. Note.

Home for to wend to childe & to wife, To visitte ther londes, to solace ther life.-Id. p. 4. And haven leve to lye. al hure lyf-tyme. Piers Plouhman, p. 3. Whiche answeride & seide to him, it is writen not oonly in breed lyveth a man, but in eche word that cometh of Goddis mouth.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 4.

He answered & sayd; it is writte, man shal not lyne by bread onely, but by eury worde that proceedeth oute of the mouth of God.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Blessid be God and the fadir of oure Lord Jesus Crist which bi his greet merci bigat us agen into lyuynge hope bi the agenrysing of Jesus Crist fro deeth.-Wiclif. 1 Pet. c. 1.

Blessed be God the father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which thorow his abundant mercy begat vs againe vnto a liuelye hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christe frō deathe. Bible, 1551. Ib. Thei that soughten the lyfe of the ben deed. Wiclif. Matthew, c. 2. For they are deade which sought the childes life. Bible, 1551. Ib.

She was a worthy woman all hire live.

Chaucer. Canterbury Tales, Prol. v. 461. "But God wot, quod the senatour also, "So vertuous a liver in all my lif

Ne saw I neuer."-Id. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 5444.

She wolde bring

Wortes and other herbes times oft,
The which she shred and sethe for hire living.

Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 8103.

Wel coude he peinten lify that it wrought,
With many a florein he the hewes bought.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2083.
As he, whiche had no lielode.-Gower. Con. 4. b. v.
Ayre is the thirde of elementes,
Of whose kinde his aspirementes
Taketh euery liuisshe creature,

Id. Ib. b. vii.

The whiche shall vpon erth endure. And forthewith her whole feuer went awaye, lyuelines and cherefulnes returned.-Udal. Matthew, c. 8.

daies buiried in the heart of the yearth, & yet contrarie to The soonne of man beeing dead in dede, shall lye three the looking of all euill persones, the yearth shall yelde him again a liuesman on the third daie, whom it receiued dead Id. Luke, c. 11.

Breaking_thy veines and thy life-stringes wt like pain & grief.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 77.

The iuyce of it [Loue in Idlenesse] on sleeping eye-lids
Iaid,

Will make or man or woman madly dote
Vpon the next liue creature that it sees.

Shakespeare. Midsummer Night's Dream, Act ii. sc. 2.
Behold me then, me for him, life for life,
I offer, on me let thine anger fall;
Account me Man.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iii.

Id. Ib. b. vii.

Who stooping op'n'd my left side, and took From thence a rib, with cordial spirits warm, And life-blood streaming fresh. [These devout prelates] set at nought and trample under foot all the most sacred and life-blood Laws, Statutes, and

Acts of Parliament.-Id. Of Reformation in England, b. ii.
And to the brain, the soul's bed-chamber, went,
And gnaw'd the life-cords there.

Donne. The Progress of the Soul.
Like lyfeful heat to numned senses brought,
And life to feele that long for death had sought.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 11.
Nigh his wits end then woxe th' amazed knight,
And thought his labour lost, and travell vayne
Against this lifelesse shadow so to fight.
Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 11.

The living hart where laie ingraven the care of countre deere,

To countrie liueless is restor'd and lies ingrauen here.

Holinshed. Chron. of Ireland. Epit. on the Earl of Ormond, an. 1546.

I meane liuclie creatures shut vp in the hard stones, and living there without respiration or breathing, as frogs, todes, &c.-Id. Description of England, b. iii. c. 9.

My lord, saith he, was never worthy man
So nobly bred, and of so high descent,
Of so fair livelihood, and so large rent.

Drayton. The Owle. Although he were somewhat grosse bellied, yet by reason of a certaine liueliness which was in him, he couered that fault.-Holinshed. The Conquest of Ireland, c. 9.

Hadst thou not told me, I should surely say,
He toucht no meat of all this live-long day.

Bp. Hall, b. iii. Sat. 7.
Why was not I a liver in the woods,
Or citizen of Thetis' crystal floods.

Drummond, pt. i. Son. 26. [Cethegus] at that time bare all the sway and rule at Rome, because he spake and did all that pleased the common people, being a vicious liver, and dissolutely given. North. Plutarch, p. 424.

For us, let him enjoy all that God sends,
Plenty of flesh, of livings, and of friends.

Corbet. ter Boreale.

It is the air the whole animal world breathes and liveth by; not only the animals inhabiting the earth and air, but those of the waters too. Without it most auimals live scarce half a minute, and others, that are the most accustomed to the want of it, live not without it many days.

Derham. Physico-Theology, b. i. c. 1.

nothing to the purpose, or in doing nothing that we ought Our lives, says he, [Seneca,] are spent either in doing to do. Spectator, No. 93.

Thus the balance of the animal world is throughout all ages kept even, and by a curious harmony, and just proportion between the increase of all animals, and the length of their lives, the world is through all ages well, but not over-stored. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. iv. c. 10. Thus in bold numbers did th' adventurous Muse To sing the lifeless parts of Nature choose.

Blackmore. The Creation, b. vil, Money, the life-blood of the nation, Corrupts and stagnates in the veins, Unless a proper circulation

Its motion and its heat maintains.

Swift. The Run upon the Bankers, (1720.)