And natheles men yt trowede, and leuede not ys glose.
R. Gloucester, p. 110.
By this tale me may iyse, that men trewest we seth,
And best me may to hem truste, that of lest wordes beth.
Id. p. 37.

To breke ys trewe couenant, the kyng was loth therto, And natheles ys conseyl hym gef, that he moste yt nede do. Id. p. 250.

We bere the and thyne euermore treuage.

Id. p. 47. Conan bowede a doun to hym, & thonkede hym faste, And bi het to serue hym trewliche, the while ys lyf laste. Id. p. 93. Ac God thougte on hire for hire trewnesse.-Id. p. 31. And bed hym, vor hys treunesse, the vore warde abbe in thogt,

Thal bytuene hem was ymade thal he ne breke yt nogt. Id. p. 391.

But Jhesus trowide not himsilf to hem, for he knew alle men.-Wiclif. Jon, c. 2.

But oon of the knyghtis openyde his side with a spere, and anoon blood and watir wente out. and he that sigh baar witnessyng, and his witnessyng is trewe, and he woot that he seith trewe thingis that ghe bileue.-Id. Ib. c. 19.

But one of the soudiers with a speare, thruste him into the syde, and forthe with came there oute bloude and water. And he that sawe it, bare recorde, and his record is true. And he knoweth that he sayth true, that ye might beleue also. Bible, 1551. Ib.

He that is trewe in the leeste thing: is also trewe in the more, and he that is wicked in a litil thing is wicked also in the more.-Wiclif. Luk, c. 16.

Treuli treuli, I seye to thee for we speken that we witen, and we witnessen that that we han seyn; and ye taken not oure witnessing.-Id. Jon, c. 3.

To this thing I am born, and to this I am comun into the world to bere witnessyng to treuthe. ech that is of treuthe heerith my vois. Pilat seith to him, what is treuthe? and whanne he hadde seide this thing efte he wente out to the lewis and seide to hem I fynde no cause in hym.

Id. Ib. c. 18. For thys cause was I borne, and for thys cause came I into the worlde, that I shoulde beare wytnesse vnto the treuthe. And al that are ye treuth heare my voyce. Pylate sayd vnto hym: what thyng is truth ?-Bible, 1551. Ib.

She frowed he was in som maladie,
For no crie hire maiden coud him calle
He n'olde answer, for nothing that might falle.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3418.

Who is so trewe and eke so ententif To kepe him sike, and hole, as is his make? Id. The Marchantes Tale, v. 9164. And than dame Prudence, withouten delay or tarying, sent anon hire messageres for hir kin and for hir olde frendes, which that were trewe and wise.

Id. The Tale of Melibeus.

For the trouthe of thinges, and the profit, ben rather founden in fewe folk that ben wise and ful of reson, than by gret multitude of folk, ther every man cryeth and clattereth what him liketh.-Id. Ib.

And I so loved him for his obeisance,

And for the trouthe I demed in his herte,
That if so were that any thing him smerte,
Al were it ever so lite, and I it wist,
Me thought I felt deth at myn herte twist.

Id. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,876.

O trustie turtle truefastest of all true. [A.S. treowe-fast.]
Imputed to Chaucer. A Ballade in Com. of our Lady.

So that I maie the chamber knowe,
In whiche my ladie, as I trowe,
Lieth in hir bed, and slepeth softe:
Then is myn herte a thefe full ofte.

Gower. Con. A. b. v.

And shame hyndereth euery wight.-Id. Ib.

So that euery man turned the poynte of his spere agaynste the trewe & innocent man, & the comons gaue theym all to dronkennesse & ydlenes.-Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 82.

Sir, I haue giuen you my fayth and allegiance; I vnderstande ye purpose to go to Hanybout: sir, knowe for trouth, the towne and the castell ar of suche strength, that they be nat easy to wynne. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 65.

Renounce the place where shee doth make sojourne and stay: Force not hir trayning truthlesse eies, but turne thy face away. Turbervile. The Louer to Cupid for Mercie, &c. Cato (as his time required) had more troth for the matter, than eloquence for the style. Ascham. The Schole-master, b. ii. Was this a sentence (trow you) of so great force to proue that scripture is the only rule of all the actions of men? Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. ii. § 5.

True and false are attributes of speech not of things and where speech is not, there is neither truth nor falshood. Hobbs. Of Man. c. 4.

Iren. For religion I have little to say, my self being not professed therein; and it selfe being but one, so as there is but one way therein for that which is true onely is: and the rest is not at all.-Spenser. On Ireland.

:

I am desired to declare freely what I think concerning the trunesse and visibilitie of the present Roman church, as it is by your lordship explicated. Id. Ib.

The very essence of truth is plainness and brightness: the darkness and crookedness is our own. The wisdom of God created understanding, fit and proportionable to truth, the object and end of it, as the eye to the thing visible. If our understanding have a film of ignorance over it or be blear with gazing in other false glistenings; what is that to truth.-Milton. Of Reformation in England, h. i.

Lu. Well, I have liv'd in ignorance; the ancients Who chatted of the golden age, feign'd trifles. Had they dream't this, they would have truth'd it heaven. Ford. The Fancies, Act ii. sc. 2..

Ant. Cast all your eyes On this, what shall I call her? truthiess woman. Beaum. & Fletch. The Laws of Candy, Act v.

"In that fayre face

The false resemblaunce of Deceipt, I wist,
Did closely lurke; yet so true-seeming grace
It carried, that I scarse in darksome place
Could it discerne."-Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 5.

As Charles his daughter, you the lilly wear;
As Henry's queen, the blushing rose you bear;
By France's conquest, and by England's oath,
You are the true-made dowager of both.

Drayton. Owen Tudor to Q. Catherine. Cel. Now what's the meaning of this trow. Dryden. Secret Love, Act iv. Those propositions are true, which express things as they are or, truth is the conformity of those words or signs, by which things are exprest, to the things themselves. Wollaston, Religion of Nature, s. 1.

The title of this chapter [is] a truism.

Swift. Remarks upon a Book, c. 7.

Allow a man the privilege to make his own definitions of common words, and it will be no hard matter for him to infer conclusions, which in one sense shall be true and un another false, at once seeming Paradoxes and manifest truisms.-Berkeley. Minute Philosopher, Dial. 7.

Though truth and falshood, belong, in propriety of speech, only to propositions; yet ideas are oftentimes termed true or false, (as what words are there, that are not used with great latitude, and with some deviation from their strict and proper significations.)-Locke. Hum. Underst. b. ii. c. 31.

Our ideas, being nothing but bare appearances or perceptions in our minds, cannot properly and simply in themselves be said to he true or false, no more than a single name of any thing can be said to be true or false.-Id. Ib. Truth or falshood, lying always in some affirmation, or negation, mental or verbal, our ideas are not capable any of them of being false, till the mind passes some judgment on them; that is, affirms or denies something of them. Id. Ib.

Truth, whether in or out of fashion, is the measure of knowledge, and the business of the understanding; whatsoever is besides that, however authorised by consent, or recommended by rarity, is nothing but ignorance, or something worse.-Id. Conduct of the Understanding, § 24. All truth, of what kind soever it be, is real.

Clarke, Ser. 41. I might have said more explicitly: "That I account that to be truth, which the constitution of human nature determines man to believe, and that to be falsehood which the constitution of human nature determines man to disbelieve." Beattie. On Truth, pt. i. c. 1. Note.

Truth supposes mankind: for whom and by whom alone the word is formed, and to whom only it is applicable. If no man, no truth.-Tooke. Diversions of Purley, pt. ii. c. 5.

TRO/WEL. Fr. Truelle; Dut. Trouweel, truweel, from the Lat. Trulla, a dim. of trua, a ladle, (Menage, Skinner, and Lye.) Against these | authorities the Dut. Troll-en, to turn or move around or about, may still be suggested.

But, alas, most mean are their monuments, made of plaister, wrought with a trowell. Fuller. Worthies. Durham.

No, they could not have the honour of a generall dismis

sion, but each man leaves his trowel and station, more like a foole then hee undertooke it: so commonly actions begun in glory, shut up in shame.-Bp. Hall. Cont. Of Babel.

Decker and others, who were, at the very moment, pledging their future labours for the magnificent loan of "five shillings," or writing "penny books" in spunging houses, are high in mirth at the expense of the "bricklayer," and ring the changes on the "hod and trowel," the "lime and mortar poet," very successfully, and, apparently, very much to their own satisfaction.-Gifford. Memoirs of B. Jonson.

TROWSE. TRO/WZERS. TRO'WZED.

Fr. Troussis, a tuck or tucking up in a garment; trousser, to truss, tuck, pack, gird or girt in, pluck or twitch up, (Cotgrave.) See TRUSS. A dress or clothing for the lower limbs; perhaps so called from their being tied, girt, or laced tight, buttoned fast; to distinguish them from a former or other dress. See the commentators on Shakespeare.

The poor trowz'd Irish there Whose mantles stood for mail, whose skins for corslets were, And for their weapons had but Irish skains and darts. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 22. Dolph. O then belike she was old and gentle, and you rode like a herne of Ireland, your French hose off, and in your strait strossers.-Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act iii. sc. 7.

By laced stockings and trousers the swellings in his legs and thighs went off.-Wiseman. Surgery, b. i. c. 18.

I directed his servants to make a trowze of a fine dimity lined with soft flannel, with eyelet holes, to lace on the outside, with a waistband fitted to the upper part of it.-Id. Ib.

Orellana and his companions, under cover of the night, having prepared their weapons, and thrown off their trouzers and the more cumbrous part of their dress, came all together on the quarter-deck, and drew towards the door of the great cabin.-Anson. Voyages, b. i. c. 3.

Judging that we should soon come into cold weather, I ordered slops to be served to such as were in want; and gave to each man the fearnought jacket and frowzers allowed them by the admiralty.-Cook. Second Voyage, b. iii. c. 2. Gold was his sword, and warlike trowsers, laced With thongs of gold, his manly legs embraced. Mickle. Lusiad, b. li. Fr. Truan, truand, a beggar, a knave; truandise, truander. In Sp. Truuhan, a buffoon, jester, a flattering fool. Dut.

TRU'AND, or TRU'ANT. TRU'ANDISE. TRU'ANTLY.

All thynges at this day faileth at Rome, except all onely these ydell trewandes, iestours, tumblers, plaiers, or drōslates, iuglers, and such other, of whom there is inow and to many. Golden Boke, Let. 12.

There boyes the truant play and leave their booke:
Here stands an angler with a bayted hooke.

Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. i. s. 2.

We should not dare to throw away our prayers so like fools, or come to God and say a prayer with our mind standing at distance, trifling like untaught boys at their books, with a truanlly spirit.—Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 5.

But when the swarms are eager of their play,
And loath their empty hives, and idly stray,
Restrain the wanton fugitives, and take
A timely care to bring the truants back.

Dryden. Virgil. Georgics, b. iv.

But, when thou seest a single sheep remain
In shades aloof, or crouch'd upon the plain;
Or listlessly to crop the tender grass;
Or late to lag behind, with truant pace;
Revenge the crime, and take the traitor's head,
Ere in the faultless flock the dire contagion spread.

Id. Ib. b. iii. TRUCE. 1 Fr. Trèves; It. Treg-ua; Sp. TRU CELESS. Tregua, from the Ger. Trew, faith; because it is a faith given for a time to the enemy, (Skinner.) See Treuga, in Wachter. Truce, or trewes, is the regular past tense of the A. S. verb Trywsian, to pledge one's faith, to plight one's troth, (Tooke ;) sc. to forbear from acts of hostility.

A plight or pledge to cease, or forbear, or suspend hostility: and hence, applied to

A suspension, cessation, interruption, intermission, forbearance.

He suor he wolde awreke be of this vil trespas. He beleuede is noble dede of the holi lond, alas! & trewis nom of Saladin, vor this luther cas.

R. Gloucester, p. 488. He therefore sent hym in ambassade to the sayde Rollo, to requyre a trewe or trewse for iii. monethes. Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 181. The prince sawe that he shuld haue batell, and that the cardynall was gone, without any peace or trewse-makynge. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 162.

By this example appereth, in what estimatio and reuerence, leages and truces, made by princis, ought to be hadde, to the breache wherof none excuse is sufficyente. Sir. T. Elyot. The Governour, b. iii. c. 6. And therfore is this tranquilite of the sea for that litle tyme, as a trwce taking in the winter, called the halcions dayes.-Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, Ded.

In all his intervals of happy truce,
Knowledge and arts, which his high mind endow'd,
Were still his objects, and what they produce
Was the brave issue of his solitude.

Cotton. Philoxipes & Policrite.

"Rutulians, hold, and Latin troops, retire;
The fight is mine, and me the gods require.
'Tis just that I should vindicate alone
The broken truce, or for the breach atone."

Dryden. Virgil. Enels, b. xii.

What, what are all the wars of seas and wind,
Or wreck of matter, to this war of mind?
Two minds in one, and each a truceless guest,
Rending the sphere of our distracted breast!

TRU'CHMENT.

Brooke. Redemption. TRU'CHMAN. Į Fr. Trucheman, drogueman; It. Torcimanno, dragomànno; Sp. Truchaman, dragoman; from the Arab. Tordgeman, an interpreter. (See Menage.) Junius seems inclined to call him-a truce-man, induciarum vir. See the quotations from Holland.

They toke aduyse amonge them howe to knowe the trouth therof, and determyned to sende to the crysten men to knowe their myndes, and so toke a truchman that coulde speke Italyan, and commaunded hym to go to the crysten host, and to demaŭde of them in what tytle and instaunce they are come to make vs warre.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 171.

The next mornyng they rode forth to skrymysshe with their enemyes, and Agadingor formest, mounted on his good horse, and his trucheman with him.-Id. Ib. p. 507.

Brother, these noblemen to you nowe haue me sent, As for their trounchman to expound the effect of their intent They bid me tell you then, they like your worthy choyce, And that they cannot choose therin but triumph and reioyce.

Gascoigne. A Devise of Maske for Viscount Mountacute. Mithridates the king, reigned over two and twentie nations of diverse languages, and in so many tongues gave lawes and ministred justice unto them, without truchman. Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 24.

He requested therefore the tearm of a certein time, in which space he might learn the Persian language, to the end that from thenceforward he might be able to declare and deliver his own mind unto the king by himselfe, and not by a truch-man or interpreter.-Id. Plutarch, p. 345.

Anaxagoras holdeth, that all animals are endued with active reason, but want the passive understanding, which is called the interpreter or truchment of the mind. Id. Ib. p. 692. TRUCK, v. Fr. Troquer, troq; It. TrucTRUCK, n. care; Sp. Trocar, to barter or TRU'CCAGE. exchange; from Trug, fraus; TRUCKER. Trieg-en, to deceive. (See TRUCKLE, V. Menage.) It may be from TRUCKLE, n. Trieg-en, in its literal meaning-to drag or draw. Dut. Trecken. A truck is a dray, i.c. a carriage dragged: and to truck may be to drag, or carry goods or wares in barter or exchange, to a mart or market.

hence

And

To chop or change, to exchange, to barter. To truckle, to yield to terms in exchanging or bartering; to yield, to concede.

A truckle-bed, a bed with wheels, that may be See Skinner. drawn from place to place.

The souldier came in with fiue or sixe pounds weight of siluer which he had trucked and traffiqued with Indians. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 326. Where it shall chance the same to rise, or to be found, bought, trucked, permuted, or given.-Id. Ib. vol. i. p. 228. And no commutation or trucke to be made by any of the petie marchants, without the assent aboue said.-Id. Ib.

A knight lately made of the governing trade,
Whose name he'll not have to be known;
Has been trucking with fame, to purchase a name,
For 'tis said he had none of his own.

Brome. The new Knight Errant.

If such divine ministeries as these, wherein the angel of the church represents the person of Christ Jesus, must lie prostitute to sordid fees, and not pass to and fro between our Saviour that of free grace redeem'd us, and the submissive penitent without the truccage of perishing coin, and the butcherly execution of tormentors, rooks and rakeshames sold to lucre, then have the Babylonish merchants of souls just excuse.-Millon. Of Reformation in England, b. li.

First that he lie upon the truckle-bed,
Whiles his yong maister lieth ore his hed.

So that of all the courses which man in such a case can take, this of capitulating, and (as it were) making terms with the devil, is the most senseless and dangerous; no man having yet driven a saving bargain with this great trucker for souls, by exchanging guilts, or bartering one sin for another.-South, vol. vi. Ser. 9.

But the greatest point of all wherein the bishop of Winton shewed his zeal to the pope and popery, appeared in his furious prosecution to blood, of all such as would not, or could not, truckle to it.

Strype. Eccles. Mem. 1 Mary, an. 1555. c. 35. He that is beaten may be said

To lie in Honour's truckle-bed.-Hudibras, pt. 1. c. 3.
But first with knocking loud, and bawling,
He rouz'd the squire, in truckle lolling.-Id. pt. ii. c. 2.
Liv'd with men infamous and vile,
Truck'd his salvation for a smile,
To catch their humour caught their plan,
And laugh'd at God to laugh with man.

Churchill. The Duellist, b. iii.

It is the necessary, though very slow and gradual, consequence of a certain propensity in human nature, which has in view no such extensive utility; the propensity to truck, barter, and exchange one thing for another. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 2.

I cannot truckle to a fool of state,
Nor take a favour from the man I hate.

Churchill. Epis. to W. Hogarth.

I venture to say, it did so happen, that persons had a single office divided between them, who had never spoke to each other in their lives; until they found themselves, they knew not how, pigging together, heads and points, in the same truckle-bed.-Burke. Speech on American Taxation. TRUCULENT. Fr. Truculent; truculent, TRU'CULENCY. cruel, threatful of counte

nance, terribly looking, (Cotgrave.) Lat. Truculentus, from Trux ; Gr.Tpvx-ew, allerere, affligere, to bruise to pieces; and hence

Savage, barbarous, terrific.

The trembling boy his brethren's hands, Their truculent aspects, and servile bands, Beheld, Sandys. Christ's Passion, (1649.) Pestilential seminaries, according to their grossness or subtility, cause more or less truculent plagues, some of such malignity, that they enecate in two hours. Harvey. On the Plague. For their head and leader they had Claudius Sanctus, one bereft of an eye, in his countenance hideous and truculent, in his faculties still more defective and impotent. Gordon. Tacitus. History, b. iv. He loves not tyranny:-the truculency of the subject, who transacts this, he approves not. Waterhouse. On Fontescu, (1663,) p. 184.

TRUDGE. It. Truccare, to trudge, to skud, to pack away, (Florio.) And Skinner derives from the Italian, or from To trot: perhaps more immediately from tread, in Goth. Trud-an,

To move or keep upon the tread or trot; to keep on, get on, keep (the feet) in motion. And lete them trudge hence apace, tyll they come to theyr maister of myschief.-Bale. Apologie, fol. 6. Thus tale once tolde none other speech preuaylde, But packe and trudge, al leysure was to long.

Gascoigne. The Fruiles of Warre. And now my lord, declare your noble mynde, Was this a Pylot, or a Pilate iudge? Or rather was he not of Judas kynde; Which left vs thus and close away could trudge? Id. Voyage into Hollande, an. 1572. They enquire how many beeves or oxen of his died? or what quantity of wine sowred under his hand? and no sooner are they full of these news, but into the city they trudge and make haste again.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 114.

He that will know the truth of things, must leave the common and beaten track, which none but weak and servile minds are satisfied to trudge along continually in.

Locke. Conduct of the Understanding, § 24. Not one of them was observed to stop and look towards us, but they trudged along, to all appearance without the least emotion, either of curiosity or surprize.

Cook. First Voyage, b. iii. c. 2. Fr. Truffe, trufle; It. Tartufo; Sp. Turma di tierra; Lat. Terræ tubera. Happy the grotto'd hermit with his pulse, Who wants no truffles, rich ragouts-nor Hulse.

Dr. Warton. Fashion.

aliquid the A.S. Thyrl-ian, perforare, means perforatum: by the common transposition of r, is the Eng. Throll, thrul, or trull. (See Tooke.) G. Douglas renders spiracula-ane throll or aynding stede; i.e. a hole or breathing place. The quotations sufficiently explain the usage. The gouernour was all bedewed with drinke, His truls and he were all layde downe to sleepe, And we must shift, and of our selues must thinke What meane was best.

Gascoigne. Voyage into Hollande, an. 1572.

I haue met with some of these trulles in London so disguised, that it hath passed my skill to discerne whether they were men or women.

Holinshed. Description of England, b. ii. c. 7. And all this pother for a common trull.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Fair Maid of the Inn, Acti. The kings of Persia at their ordinary meals have their queens or espoused wives to sit by them at the board, but when they list to be merrie indeed, and carrouse lustily untill they be drunk, they send them away to their chambers, and call for their concubines, singing wenches, and musicall truls in their place.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 261. Though yet you no illustrious act have done, To make the world distinguish Julia's son From the vile offspring of a trull, who sits By the town wall, and for a living knits.

Stepney. Juvenal, Sat. 8.

Of this great town, this wicked end Is ripe for judgment; Satan's seat, The sink of Sin, and Hell compleat. In every street of trulls a troop.

TRUMP, n. TRUMP, V. TRUMPET, N. TRUMPET, V. TRUMPETER. TRUMPER.

Somervile. The Fortune Hunter, c. 2.

And the firste aungell trumpide [clanxit], and hail was maad & fier meynd togidre in blood, & it was sent into erthe.-Wiclif. Apocalips, c. 8.

The heraudes left hir pricking up and doun,
Not ringen trompes loud and clarioun.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2602.

They had not daunced but a little throw,
Whan that I heard not ferre off sodainly,
So great a noise of thundring trumps blow,
As though it should haue departed the skie.

Id. The Flower & the Leaf.

The trompoures with the loude minstralcie,
The heraudes, that so loude yell and crie,
Ben in hir joye for wele of Dan Aroite.-Id. Ib. v. 2673.
At every cours in came loude minstralcie,
That never Joab tromped for to here,
Ne he Theodomas yet half so clere
At Thebes, whan the citee was in doute.

Id. The Marchantes Tale, v. 9592.

I sie come first all in their clokes white,
A company that ware for their delite,
Chapelets fresh of okes seriall,

Newly sprong, and trumpels they were all.-Id. Ib.

He shall this dreadfull trumpe blowe,
Tofore his gate, and make it knowe,
How that the judgement is yeue
Of deathe, whiche shall not be foryeue.

His brother saide, A lorde mercy,
I wote none other cause why,
But onely that this night full late
The trompe of deathe was at my gate,
In token that I shulde die.

Know what a leading voice is worth,

A seconding, a third, or fourth,

How much a casting voice comes to,

That turns up trump of Aye or No.-Hudibras, pt.iii. c.2. This often happened when we drew near the cape, and as oft put us to our trumps to manage the ship.

Dampier. Voyages, an. 1691. Captain Swan was served a little better, and his two trumpeters sounded all the time that he was at dinner. Id. Ib. an. 1686. Nak. But their men lie securely intrench'd in a cloud/ And a trumpeter-hornet to battel sounds loud. Dryden. Tyrannick Love, Act iv. sc. 1. These very trumpeters are now the men that represent the whole as a mere trifle. Burke. Speech on American Taxation. TRUMPERY. Fr. Tromperie, impostura, tromper; Dut. Trompen, circumvenire, to impose upon. to circumvent; but this is clearly a consequential usage. (See To TRUMP.) G. Douglas, in his prologue of the eyght booke, uses trumpes, a thing of little value; tenues res, (Eneados, I. 5. v.690,) the sobir trumpis, i.e. mean, inconsiderable goods, says the Glossarist.

Trompery, any vain-glorious display; or any Gower. Con. A. b. i. display of mere vanity; any worthless finery.

Id. Ib.

The kynge whan it was night anone
This man assent, and bad him gone
To trumpen at his brothers gate.-Id. Ib.
And eche of hem eke a trompet

Bare in his other honde beside.-Id. Ib.

And the trumpetter came to Boleine gate, and blewe his trumpet to come to my lorde deputie, and taried at the gate from ix. of the clock before noone till two of the clock at after-noone.-Fabyan. Chronycle, an. 1545.

And then to the instrument;

The drum-beaten; the trump or trumpetblown. To trump

To sound, to make a noise, a clangor, or clamour of rejoicing, or triumph, of congratulation; of glory, vain glory ;-to sound or make a noise.

To trump is also, at cards, (Fr. Triompher,)—to throw down, to play, a conquering, victorious, triumphant card. (Fr. Triumpher; It. Trionfo ; Sp. Triumfo.) See the quotations from Fox. And hence

To get the victory, to get the better, the advantage; to over- reach, to circumvent; and further to contrive, to devise. (Fr. Tromper.)

To be put to his trumps,-i.e. to the necessity of playing the trump-card; (met.) making all exertions to conquer difficulties.

Than blewe the trumpes fulle loud & fulle schille. R. Brunne, p. 30. He smote his hors with spors, & fleih fro that rascaile, & comandid his trompors to blow vnto bataile.-Id. p.117. Ich can nat tabre ne trompe. at festes ne harpen. Piers Plouhman, p. 523. Treuthe trompede tho-and song Te Deum laudamus, And then lutede love. in a lowd note.-Id. p. 364. Therfore whanne thou doist almes, nyle thou trumpe, [tuba clanxeris] before thee as ypocrites don in synagogis and stretis, that thei be worschipid of men.

Wiclif. Matthew, c. 6.

When soeuer therfore thou geuest thyne almes, thou shalte not make a trompet to be blowen before the, as the ypocrites do in ye sinagoges & in ye streates, for to be praysed of me.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

And seide to the sixte aungel that hadde a trumpe, [tuba] unbynde thou foure aungelis that ben boundun in the greet food Eufrates.-Wiclif. Apocalips, c. 9.

[And] saying to the sixte angell, whiche had the trompe : Looso the iiii. angelles whycle are bounde in the greate ryuer Euphrates. Bible, 1551. Ib.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 13.

The game that wee will play at, shall be called the triumph, which if it be well played at, hee that dealeth shall winne; the plaiers shall likewise winne, and the standers and lookers vpon, shall doe the same insomuche that there is no man, that is willing to plaie at this triumphe with these cardes, but they shall bee all winners, and no loosers.-Latimer. Ser. at Cambridge, (1529.)

Let therefore euerie christian man and woman plaie at these cards, that they may haue and obtaine the triumph: you must marke also that the triumph must applie to fetche home vnto him all the other cardes, whatsoeuer sute they be of.-Id. Ib.

It is a great ignominie and shame for a christian man to be bond and subiect vnto a Turke; nay it shall not be so, wee will first cast a trumpe in their waie, and plaie with them at cardes who shall haue the better, let vs plaie therfore on this fashion with this carde.-Id. Ib.

Now turne vp your trumpe, your hart, (hartes is trump as I saide before) and cast your trumpe your hart on this carde, and vppon this carde you shall learne what Christ requireth of a Christian man, not to be angrie, ne mooued to ire against his neighbour.-Id. Ib.

But sith she will the conquest challong needs,
Let her accept me as her faithfull thrall;
That her great triumph, which my skill exceeds,

I may in trump of fame blaze over all.-Spenser, son. 29. Phi. I know not how they have shuffled, but my head on't,

A false card is turn'd up trump, but fates look to't.
Beaum. & Fletch. The Coronation, Act v.

Some of the nobility have deliver'd a petition to him: what's in't I know not, but it has put him to his trumps: he has taken a month's time to answer it, and chafes like himself.-Id. Cupid's Revenge, Act iv.

Then gan triumphant trompels sownd on hye,
That sent to Heven the ecchoed report
Of their new ioy, and happie victory.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 12.
A breast of brasse, a voyce
Infract and trumplike.

Chapman.

But since they're at renouncing, 'tis our parts,
To trump their diamonds, as they trump our hearts.
Dryden. Prol. to the Princess of Cleves.

Have always with you the testimony of a good conscience, believing that Jesus of Nazareth was crucified for your sins, letting all other trash and trumpery go.

Strype. Eccles. Mem. Mary. an. 1554.

And this man, say they, is a prophet of Mahomet, his armes and legges naked, on his feet he lid weare woodden pattens of two sorts, in his hand, a flagge, or streamer set on a short speare painted, he carried a mat and bottels, and other trumpery at his backe.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. p. 169.

I knowe well there by ynow in the court of princes, that know nothyng what is to make theim selfe of worthinesse, and to mainteine them self among so many trumperies as ar treated in the houses of princes.-Golden Boke, c. 45.

What a world of fopperies there are, of crosses, of candles, of holy water, and salt, and censings? away with these trumperies.-Bp. Hall. Sermon at Exeter, Aug. 1637.

This idle trumpery (only fit for schools and school-boys) unto that ancient Doric shepherd Theocritus, or his mates, was never known.-Gay. The Shepherd's Week, Proem.

But the learned artist himself seems conscious that the ware he would put into my hands is indeed no better than a counterfeit piece of trumpery.

Warburton. Divine Legation, b. v. s. 4.

TRUNCATE, v. TRUNCATION.

Fr. Tronc, troncation, tronçonner; It. Trònco, troncare, troncone; Sp. Tronco, troncon, troncar; Dut. Tronck, troncken; Lat. Truncus. See Dɛ

TRUNK.

TRUNK, n. TRUNK, v. TRU'NCHEON, n. TRUNCHEON, v. TRUNCHEONER. Trunk, that from which the stem, stock, body, or bulk, from which boughs or limbs are cut or lopped off: generally, the stem, the main body. Also (says Cotgrave), the poor man's box in charities; i.e. a bulk or block, hollowed out (to receive alms; to serve as a boat); and then applied to a chest and further, to the proboscis of the elephant, or other animal; to any thing formed like a stem, whether solid or hollow.

Trunchion,-a staff (with the branches cut off); a log, a club; a large thick piece. To truncheon,-to use a truncheon; beat or strike with one.

He foineth on his foo with a tronchoun,
And he him hurtleth with his hors adoun.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2618.

By the foresayde place or shryne, where the holy martyrs bodyes lay, he ordeyned a cheste, or trunke of clene syluer, to thentent yt all suche iuellys and ryche gyftes as were offryd to the holy seyntis, shuld therein be kepte to the vse of the mynstres of the same place.

Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 131. And lastly his hed stryken of, & the trunke of his body haged by chaynes vpon ye comon gybet of Parys. Id. Ib. an. 17.

And the speare heed dyd entre into his throte, and dyd cutte asonder the orgonall vayne, and the spere brake, and the tronchion stacke styll in the squires necke, who was with that stroke wouded to dethe.

Berners. Froissart, Cronycle, vol. i. c. 874.