during the campaign aroused more emphatic expressions of approval than his promise, in response to the charges against the Insurance Department, to investigate all the administrative departments and to exercise all his legal powers to purge them of corruption and inefficiency. In spite of this fact, Mr. Kelsey showed no inclination to cooperate with the Governor. He even neglected to follow his advice. As a consequence, the Governor asked for his resignation. In doing this Governor Hughes, wishing to save Mr. Kelsey from any danger of public humiliation, did not reveal his request to even his own closest friends. Mr. Kelsey, however, thought best to make a public matter of it, and, after consulting the men in whom he had confidence, announced his intention of declining to resign. Governor Hughes then summoned Mr. Kelsey to a public hearing. In answer to questions, Mr. Kelsey acknowledged that he had not studied or even read the Report (which is not to be confused with the voluminous Proceedings) of the Insur ance Investigating Committee, and made other damaging admissions. Governor Hughes then transmitted to the Senate his recommendation that Mr. Kelsey be removed from office.

Removal

was

The course of the Senate The Power of in the Kelsey case unprecedented. An at torney for Mr. Kelsey was permitted not only to appear with Mr. Kelsey before the Committee to whom the recommendation was referred, but also to make a speech before the whole Senate. In defense of Mr. Kelsey the following arguments were made. Mr. Kelsey was chosen by Mr. Hughes's predecessor, Governor Higgins, after careful inquiry; he was absolutely honest; he had a task of enormous complexity to perform, and would have thrown his department into confusion if he had dismissed those subordinates who, though shown to have been lax in the examination of life insurance companies, were thoroughly familiar with the routine of the department; he had, moreover, the special burden placed upon him of solving the problems

in fire insurance which followed the earthquake in San Francisco, and which involved many New York companies; he differed from Governor Hughes in judgment as to the way in which the department should be conducted, but as he was responsible, not alone to the Governor, but also to the Senate, he was not called upon to subordinate his judgment to that of Governor Hughes; he had been treated coldly and unfairly by the Governor, his assistance had not been asked, he had been prejudged, and then cross-examined under circumstances which would have put any man at a disadvantage. Besides these arguments, the attitude of the Governor had undoubtedly much to do in influencing Senators to vote for the retention of Mr. Kelsey. From the first the Governor has refused has refused to use his powers of removal and appointment to strengthen the hands of those who support his policies and weaken the hands of those in opposition. He has held aloof, kept himself-or rather his office-in isolation, emphasized the distinction in province, between the legislative and the executive. He has consequently inspired few public office-holders, whether in the Legislature or not, with the spirit of loyalty, and has not yet put much. fear into the hearts of the unscrupulous. As a statesman Mr. Hughes has proved his right to leadership; as a politician, in the sense in which that term may be applied to Abraham Lincoln or Theodore Roosevelt, Mr. Hughes has yet to prove his mastery. It is true that a majority of the Republican Senators voted with the Governor ; it nevertheless remains true that his defeat in the Kelsey affair was due to Republican votes. Some of these were conscientious; on the other hand, some of the votes in favor of the Governor were the result of timidity. Three Senators, for instance, waited till a majority was recorded in Mr. Kelsey's favor, and then uselessly cast their votes, for the sake of record, on the side of the Governor. The ringleaders in both parties voted in opposition to the Governor. The whole episode proves, it seems to us conclusively, that the power of removing administrative officers should rest with the Governor alone.

It is inimical to honest and proper administration that when such a condition exists there should be a lack of executive power to bring administration methods up to the standards demanded by the people. I be lieve that the time has come when the people will hold their officers mcre strictly to account for the manner in which they perform their duties and represent their constituencies, and that along with this increased sense of responsibility there will be a willing ness to repose in their chosen representatives such power as will enable them to discharge their public trust.

The argument is made that to repose in the Governor the power of removal would be to give him power to build up a political machine. This is ridiculous in the face of the fact that without such power two powerful irresponsible machines have existed in the State for years, that the leaders of these two machines acted together in the Kelsey affair, and that in the Federal Government the President has such power of removal to the great advantage of efficient administration.

There appears to be The Jamestown some danger that the exposition habit may become so firmly fastened upon us that we cannot shake it off, although experience has demonstrated the folly of over-indulgence in this expensive pastime. Philadelphia, Chicago, Buffalo, St. Louis, Portland, Charleston, and Atlanta have set an example to numerous other smaller cities, and, on the whole, the example has been worth following. The educational value to the whole country of the Philadelphia Centennial and the Chicago Exposition cannot be measured by statistics or expressed in words. But in order to achieve a success of this kind the directors of a national exposition, wherever it may be held, must be actuated by something else than a desire to shed glory upon a particular locality, or to "boom" the commercial interests of their own city. The managers of the Jamestown Exposition have as notable an occasion to celebrate as any of their predecessors; they have as beautiful and interesting a site as could be asked or

had generous help and co-operation from the National Government; and the attention not only of the American people, but of many foreign nations, has been directed to Jamestown and the great historical event which the Exposition

commemorates. It still remains to be. shown whether the conductors of the Exposition appreciate the unusual opportunity which they have, and whether they possess the capacity to avail themselves of this opportunity. At the present moment they are being subjected to a sharp fire of criticism. The Exposition grounds and buildings, although they have been formally opened to the public, are still in the stage of incompleteness. In some of the buildings scarcely one exhibit has been installed. Walks and drives are rough and in some places impassable. Complaints are already made by exhibitors of graft and favoritism which interfere with the installation of exhibits. No mismanagement, however, can take away the charm of the Southern landscape, the noble stretch of waters in Chesapeake Bay and Hampton Roads, the lines of smooth sea-beach shining yellow in the sunlight, the dark green of the masses of Southern pines, and the brilliant beauty of the electric lights of the Exposition gleaming across the bay at nightfall. The naval display, which is the contribution of the United States and of several foreign nations, is already imposing; and it reflects more credit upon the Government than upon the managers of the Exposition to say that the United States Government Building is the only one on the fair grounds entirely finished, with its displays completely arranged and in full running order. The success of this particular feature of the Exposition cannot fail to give the visitor renewed confidence in the ability and efficiency of Government officials, and the magnitude of the business "Uncle Sam " is engaged in. If, when the Exposition is in full running order, any private corporation maintains an exhibit more complete, more picturesque, more entertaining, more instructive, or better displayed and managed than that of the United States Post-Office Department, we shall be very much sur

prised. The disappointment of more than one early visitor to the Exposition has been changed into satisfaction by this one exhibit alone.

The thirty-ninth anniversary Hampton of Hampton Institute was Institute observed last week with the usual exercises which take the place in that institution of what is popularly known elsewhere as "Commencement." Over fifty young men and women, both Negroes and Indians, were presented as candidates for academic diplomas, and as many more young men of the same races were successful candidates for trade certificates as blacksmiths, bricklayers, carpenters, machinists, painters, printers, shoemakers, steam-fitters, tailors, and wheelwrights. Hampton has had its full share of newspaper publicity. The institution and the work which it is doing have been described over and over again in public print. Not a small part of this newspaper comment has been found in the columns of The Outlook; and yet it is the simple truth that it is not merely difficult but impossible by descriptive writing to give any adequate impression of this school, which the Moseley Commission reported to be, on the whole, the most interesting educational institution in the United States. The impression which Hampton makes upon the visitor who sees it for the first time is one of almost complete fascination-a fascination compounded of many elements, æsthetic, ethical, intellectual, emotional. The Institute has been long enough in existence to have created for itself a charming campus, with lawns, blossoming flowers, vine-covered buildings, and noble trees, all lying on the banks of a tidal river, the picturesque boats upon which make the pencil hand of the artist itch to get at his sketch-book. Neatness, order, and efficiency are manifest everywhere, and when it is remembered that the entire work of feeding, clothing, and housing over a thousand students is done by the students themselves, it will be seen that the precepts of the school are put into practice. It is impossible without the aid of pictures to give readers any idea of

the human interest to be found in the trade departments of the Institute, where the men students build, from the first forged bolt to the last coat of finishing varnish, handsome wagons and carriages; where silver-mounted harness of the highest quality is turned out; where shoes, woodenware and ironware are made in commercial quantities; where bricklayers and plasterers actually put up walls, chimneys, and mantels; where the agricultural students maintain a model farm that is not merely a model but the actual producer of the milk, eggs, fruit, and vegetables consumed in the school. If, however, in going through the industrial departments of the Institute the visitor forms a mistaken notion that hand workers alone are educated at Hampton, this idea will be promptly corrected when he listens to the addresses of the Hampton students on the Commencement stage. Of seven such addresses made at the exercises last week by members of the graduating class and by young alumni and alumnæ, there was not one that was not written in clear, terse, vital, and entertaining English, not one that did not contribute something both entertaining and instructive to the hearer. The music of Hampton is famous throughout the country. The old plantation songs sung by that chorus of one thousand voices produce upon the hearer a musical effect which, in the opinion of experts, is unique. At the anniversary exercises last week the usual musical interest was increased by the presence of Mr. David Mannes, the well-known and gifted violinist of New York, who, with his wife, the sister of Messrs. Walter and Frank Damrosch, gave both visitors and students a heartily appreciated demonstration of the musical power and beauty of the violin. Miss Natalie Curtis, a distinguished expert on Indan folk-lore, poetry, and music, recited some Indian poems and sang some Indian songs which were not only remarkable for their intrinsic beauty, but were especially appropriate on the same stage from which a native American Indian delivered a graduating address. The Institute is visited by numbers of those interested in negro education; it ought to be visited by every white person who desires that the white

children of this country should get at least as good an education as the black children; for the principles and methods of instruction so successfully employed at Hampton ought to be employed in white institutions much more widely than they are.

Many lovers of music in America have been troubled by the information that Mr. Franz Kneisel is seriously considering the suggestion that he become the Conductor of the Philadelphia Orchestra. It is not that they undervalue the Philadelphia Orchestra, but that they regard no service Mr. Kneisel could render to that organization sufficient compensation for his abandonment of chamber music. Although it is understood that as yet no definite offer has been made to him, the abandonment of the Kneisel Quartette, which is as nearly perfect as anything human can be, is regarded as a very real possibility. What brings the possibility still nearer to the danger point is that Mr. Alwyn Schroeder, the 'cellist of the quartette, has bidden America farewell and is hereafter to live in Europe. While the press, including The Outlook, has recorded the advent and departure of orchestral leaders, and, not including The Outlook, has made much ado over operatic singers, the Kneisel Quartette has year after year unsensationally and unobtrusively been giving its concerts. Year by year, too, it has educated a larger circle of hearers to the appreciation of chamber music. Once it played chiefly to audiences of modest size in Boston and Cambridge; now even in New York City, operamad as it may seem to be, this string quartette has been playing to crowded houses. Such music as "the Kneisels play can never become a fad. The string quartette is not a medium suited to the sensational, the picturesque, the descriptive, in music. It cannot pretend to tell musical stories; it cannot indulge very successfully in "tone poems ;" it cannot satisfy those critics who want something literary or philosophical mixed in with their music. In spite of what some modern writers about music would thus regard as its limitations, the Kneisel

Quartette has been steadily conquering for pure music an increasing number of devoted followers and subjects. Mr. Kneisel organized the quartette in 1885. He was then concert master (that is, the first violinist and assistant to the conductor) of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He resigned from that position in 1903 to move to New York and devote himself chiefly to the quartette. Mr. Svecenski, viola, was a member at the beginning. Mr. Schroeder has been a member since 1891; the present second violinist, Mr. Theodorowicz, since 1902. The technical perfection of the ensemble playing of these four men, which can scarcely be matched, surely not surpassed, in the world, is coupled with a rare and fine musical feeling. Though during the existence of the quartette there have been four second violinists and three 'cellists, the withdrawal of a single player is a serious loss; the disbandment of the quartette would be a calamity.

Unusual interest A Great Kindergarten attaches to the Gathering

fourteenth annual meeting of the International Kindergarten Union held in New York City last week, by reason of the great attendance of delegates from all parts of the country, from Canada, South America, and Japan, and because of the marked enthusiasm which pervaded the entire organization. The programme was long and rich in interesting topics and capable speakers; and it was evident from the beginning that there was neither time enough nor were there subjects enough to give full play to the accumulating and vital interest which the delegates brought with them. The kindergarten movement, which has taken firmer root in America than in any other country because the spirit of the kindergarten is so fundamentally democratic, was represented by its leaders from all parts of the continent: by such women as Miss Blow, Miss Laura Fisher, of Boston; Miss Fitts and Miss Curtis, of Brooklyn; Miss Haven, of New York; Miss Niel, of Pittsburg; Miss Wheelock, of Boston; Mrs. Hughes, of Toronto; and Madame Kraus-Boelte, Miss Waterman, and Dr.

Jennie B. Merrill, of New York. A great assembly filled Carnegie Hall on Wednesday evening, when Mr. Hamilton W. Mabie made an address of welcome, and President Taylor, of Vassar College, delivered a vigorous and telling address on "The Ministry of Education to Life." One of the most significant and interesting features of the session was an exhibit, at the Museum of Natural History in Central Park, of kindergarten material from all parts of the United States, from Canada, England, Germany, and other Continental countries, representing the work of modern trainingschools and kindergartens, and rich in examples of the gifts and occupations used in the early days of kindergarten work. This exhibit is the most complete and significant in its field that has ever been made, and will be open to the public until the twenty-first of the present month.

An Appeal

The first public act of Lord
Curzon as Chancellor of the

for Oxford University of Oxford was

the publication of an appeal asking for $1,250,000 to meet the pressing needs of the University, among which he enumerates the promotion of modern and scientific studies and the maintenance of the Bodleian Library. In many departments of science, he declares, Oxford is unable, for want of necessary funds and appliances, to supply a scientific basis for practical work, and an electrical laboratory and provision for giving scientific training for the practical profession of engineering are greatly needed. Oxford is almost the only university which does not provide adequate facilities in this respect, and at which it is impossible to qualify for admission at the Institute for Civil Engineers. He says that the gift of Cecil Rhodes, the greatest benefaction which the University has received of late years, has brought with it a burden, adding, as it does, two hundred men from all parts of the British Empire, from the United States, and from Germany to the body of undergraduates, and imposing upon the University the necessity of offering the new comers all that is best in teaching, equip ment, and study from the whole field of

modern university requirements. This is another indication of the growing feeling that, whatever action may be taken touching the older scheme of studies at Oxford, provision must be made for scientific requirements, for the training of scientific men in every department of modern endeavor. To Americans it would seem as if this appeal from an institution so venerable, so venerated, so intimately associated not only with English scholarship but with English literature and English history, would meet with prompt response. Unfortunately, so far neither the universities nor the cathedrals have been able to make up by popular gifts for the great losses they have sustained by the shrinkage of incomes caused by the fall of rents during the last generation.

Unrest in India

Last week a serious riot occurred at Rawalpindi, India, following that at Lahore, which grew out of the conviction of two native

journalists. They had accused an Eng

lish officer of wantonly shooting a Mussulman policeman and then accused the Government of hushing up the matter. The story was proved to be a fabrication, and, convicted of libel, the men were sentenced to prison. While they were being conveyed hither their guards were assailed by a great mob, which attempted, in Oriental fashion, to crown the prisoners with garlands as popular heroes. The mob afterwards paraded through the streets, assaulting every European it encountered. The Rawalpindi riot involved the pillage and destruction of many houses. These riots are, of course, expressive only of the feelings of unreasoning and unintelligent natives, but they add some emphasis to the dignified demands of the reasoning and intelligent. Both the Mohammedan and the Hindu elements have now requested the English authorities to grant them greater political control of their country. Their demands seem to be justified. For the first time in history there are evidences of growing native political solidarity. Fortunately for them, their action has been preceded by similar aggressiveness in the commercial and bureaucratic