opposite to him and had chatted with him over the coffee! There were some he could name who must have turned in their graves to see him talking to that child. But he did n't resent her presence. All this nonsense about higher education for women was, of course, infuriating cant, but when you were brought face to face with one of the victims it was impossible to be annoyed.

No doubt this child was typical of them all. Well-meaning, but gauche and oh! so vulgar with that demimondaine cropped hair. Visions of model young ladies minced past him from the drawing-rooms of his youth. They had known how to be silent before gentlemen. They had known how to enter and how to leave a room. This poor child tried to talk, and her movements had filled him with compassion. But she had never had a chance. Born into

the most vulgar epoch since the decline of Rome - Mr. Wadbroke knew his post-war England post-war England - she was a victim rather than a criminal.

It gave him a novel feeling of very pleasant melancholy to think about Pippa. It brought out his own good luck in having been born in so distant and so happy an age. And in never having married! Why marriage would, perhaps, have brought him the sad burden of some young relative like this girl. He could not have borne that. Even as a stranger she affected him. Poor child!

The 'handsome' drew up at the college gates, and Mr. Wadbroke reprimanded the porter for not opening them more promptly. He felt quite emotional after meeting that child. Against the ruthless vulgarisms of her generation she was so defenseless.

IN the days of her grandeur, Spain had no bitterer enemy than Sir Francis Drake, the fearless sea-rover who through his exploits became one of the most famous of Queen Elizabeth's admirals. A pupil of his relative, Sir John Hawkins, and a corsair no less daring than he, Drake was one of the founders of England's naval power, and

the first sailor of his nation to circumnavigate the globe - a feat that Magellan and Sebastián del Cano had accomplished fifty-eight years before. Such was his hatred of the Spanish that he was wont to say: 'Whether there be peace or war between Spain and England, there will always be war between Drake and the supporters of the Inquisition.'

These words might make it seem that religious fanaticism was the sole reason for his hatred, but there was another. Drake never forgave the defeat that he experienced at the hands of the Spaniards at San-Juan-de-Ulloa in 1568, when he was the very youthful captain of the Judith, a defeat that involved the loss of all that he possessed. His revenge was terrible, and it is not too much to say that he devoted to it all that remained of his life. Sailing back to the American coast a few years afterward, he looted the city of Nombre de Dios, and, after having penetrated into the Isthmus of Panama, he perceived the Pacific Ocean from its heights; and from that moment he determined to sail that sea in an English ship.

Queen Elizabeth, having given her approval to his plan, gave him also the means of carrying it out, and in the month of April, 1578, he reached the Brazilian coast with five ships. After he had made his way up the Rio de la Plata, he returned to the Bay of SanJulian, where he beheaded one of his lieutenants, Thomas Doughty, who had endeavored to rebel against his authority. Parting company with two of the vessels that were with him, he sailed through the Straits of Magellan guided by Nuño de Silva, an expert Portuguese pilot whom he had captured in the Cape Verde Islands. But his ship, the Golden Hind, alone succeeded in passing through the Straits. The other two sailed back to England.

Once in the Pacific, Drake laid his heavy hand upon a rich store of gold and precious stones at Valparaiso. He was driven off at Coquimbo; but at Arica he took possession of three thousand bars of silver, looted all the ships that he found at Callao, and, giving chase to the San-Juan-de-Anton, en route to Panama, he made a prize of its cargo, which was valued at 900,000 piastres.

Fourteen months after the English coast had been lost to sight, the fortunate pirate reached the Province of Costa Rica, which at that moment was governed by Juan Solano during the absence of Diego de Artieda Chirinos. He stopped at the bay that bears the name of Drake to this day, opposite the island of Caño; and there, on the twentieth of March, 1579, he saw a little ship coming from the port of San Pedro del Palmar, situated at the mouth of the Rio Barranca, which he had left three days before, with a cargo of Indian corn, sarsaparilla, jars of lard and honey, and building wood, consigned to Panama. The ship was commanded by Rodrigo Tello, and on board were fourteen passengers, among whom were Alonso Sanchez Colchero and Martin de Aguirre, pilots whom the Viceroy of New Spain was sending to Panama to conduct General Don Gonzalo Ronquillo to the Philippine Islands.

A boat with thirty Englishmen put off toward the ship, which was ordered to yield by means of trumpets and several shots with the arquebuse fired in the air; but when the English saw that the Spaniards were getting ready for defense they made an attack upon them, wounded two, and compelled them to yield. The prize was taken to the spot where the Golden Hind was refitting. Drake treated his prisoners well, and in place of silver bars and pieces of eight, with which he was abundantly provided, he found provisions, and something still more useful

two charts with the course of the voyage to the Philippines plotted on them, which were in the possession of the pilots sent by the Viceroy of Mexico.

Once his ship was refitted, Drake set sail toward the peninsula of Nicoya. When he was in sight of Cape Blanco on March 27, he set his prisoners free, and gave them a boat to go on shore;

but he kept their ship and its cargo, not without many a courteous apology for the regrettable necessity. He also kept the pilot, Sanchez Colchero, offering him a thousand ducats if he would pilot the ship to China, and making him a present of fifty ducats to send to his wife, besides allowing him to write to his family, to the Viceroy, and to the auditor Garcia de Palacio, who was then in Nicaragua. The prisoners reached the city of the Holy Spirit of Esparza on March 29, where by chance there happened to be Captain Juan 1 Solano, who hastened to write the bad news which they brought to Valverde in Guatemala.

Drake continued his voyage along the Nicaraguan coast, and during the night of April 4, near Acajutla, close to the coast of San Salvador, he surprised a ship coming from Acapulco. The English did no harm to the passengers on board, contenting themselves with taking away their stores and the keys of their trunks. Having learned that Don Francisco de Zarate, a distinguished Mexican gentleman on his way to Peru, was on board, they brought him before their chief, who was calmly walking the bridge of the Golden Hind. Drake gave him a friendly reception, took him into his cabin, and offering him a seat spoke after this fashion:

'I like to be told the truth, and I get angry when it is not told me. That is why you are going to tell it to me, for it is the best way to get along with me. How much silver and gold is on your ship?' Answer: "There is n't any.'

Drake fixed his eye upon the Spanish gentleman, and repeated his question. "There is n't any,' replied Don Francisco, 'except for a few plates and cups that I am using at table.'

The pirate was silent, and then, changing his conversation, he asked again: 'Do you know Don Martin Enriquez, Viceroy of New Spain?'

'Yes, I know him.'

'Have you on board any of his property or anything that belongs to him?' 'No, señor.'

'You may understand that I had a good deal rather meet him than all the gold of the Indies, in order to show how gentlemen keep their word.'

Don Martin Enriquez de Almansa had begun his term as Governor with a defeat inflicted on Drake and Hawkins in 1568, and one can see that Drake never forgot.

Having invited Don Francisco de Zarate to sit next him at table, he regaled him with the best dishes, and in order to banish the sadness that he saw in his face he said: 'Do not be disturbed. Your life and property are safe.'

Then he asked where he could find water, the only thing of which he was in need, adding that as soon as he could get some he would allow them to continue their journey. The next day being Sunday, Drake donned his richest garments, had the Golden Hind dressed with flags, and, after having ordered all those who had been on board the ship coming from Acapulco to be taken from the ship that he had taken from Rodrigo Tello, he said to Zarate: 'Give me one of your pages to show me your belongings.'

Then from nine o'clock until sunset he went through the cargo from Acapulco. The Spanish gentleman came very well out of it. Drake appropriated only a few trifles among his baggage, saying that he intended them for his wife, and gave him in exchange a scimitar and a little silver brasero. The next morning, after having handed over their trunks to several passengers, he sent his boat to take Don Francisco on board his own ship, assembled on the bridge the sailors and the other Spaniards, whose appearance indicated poverty, gave each one a handful of coins, and set Colchero at liberty.

According to Don Francisco Zarate's written account of his chance meeting with Drake, he was a small, blond man, who must then have been about thirtyfive. Nine or ten younger sons of great English families sailed with him, and he made them his table companions, as well as the pilot, Nuño de Silva, who never spoke, contenting himself with smiling maliciously when the prisoners addressed a word to him. There was violin music with dinner and supper, which were served on silver plate carved with the arms of the corsair, who had in his cabin every kind of convenience - perfumes and luxurious fittings, many of which were presents from Queen Elizabeth. His companions adored him, and he showed himself well disposed toward everyone, though he was also an extremely severe disciplinarian. Zarate says that Drake was 'one of the greatest sailors on the sea, as skilled in extended voyages as in command,' and Nuño de Silva declared him 'a man so highly learned in the art of seamanship that his superior has never been known.'

The Golden Hind was an excellent ship of about two hundred tons, armed with thirty guns and provided with a great quantity of munitions of war and arms of every kind. Her crew consisted of eighty-six picked men, very experienced, among whom were carpenters and caulkers.

Pursuing his triumphant voyage, Drake pillaged the port of Guatulco, in Mexico, en route, setting Nuño de Silva at liberty; and, after having reached the forty-third parallel in quest of a passage toward the Atlantic Ocean, he turned toward the Moluccas, and reached Ternate in November, 1579, and Java in the month of March, 1580. Doubling the Cape of Good Hope in June, he brought up on the Guinea coast, and cast anchor at Plymouth on September 26.

Drake's appearance in the Pacific created a reign of terror from Chile to Mexico, for, although the English pirates had already committed terrible depredations on the American coasts of the Atlantic, none of them, with the exception of Oxenham, who had crossed the Isthmus of Darien in 1577, from Acla to the Gulf of San Miguel, had succeeded in penetrating into the South Seas, which were considered inviolable; but once the secret of the Straits of Magellan had been discovered, the riches of Peru were at the mercy of their raids, and henceforth no vessel could safely navigate the seas, which from the time of Vasco Nuñez de Balboa had never been furrowed by any save Spanish keels. It was therefore essential to wipe out the audacious corsair who had just come into possession of so dangerous a secret, and stolen millions with it.

The Viceroy of Mexico and the President of Guatemala immediately fitted out ships and gave chase; and, although Drake had made no mystery of his plan of returning to Europe, these two solemn functionaries were not willing to believe it. Don Martin Enriquez insisted that he was still hiding somewhere on the Guatemala coast, and Valverde, guessing closer to the truth, thought that he was somewhere in California. The task that fell to Valverde was more strenuous than that of Don Martin, for military supplies were wholly lacking in Guatemala, and he had to improvise them at full speed,

Using the iron of the Indians' axes, he was able to cast enough cannon to arm two ships, and a galleass. Powder was imported from Mexico, and two hundred men enrolled under the command of Don Diego de Herrera, among whom was Don Gonzalo Vazquez de Coronado. When everything was ready, they set out for the port of Zonzonate, where ships were awaiting troops from

the cities of San Salvador and San Miguel, commanded by Don Diego de Guzman, not to mention the Governor of the provinces of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, Diego de Artieda, who was to serve as admiral. Soon after, two more vessels came up with three hundred men, sent by the Viceroy of New Spain. In the last days of the month of [ July, 1579, the preparations were finished, the fleet received orders to sail to the port of Iztapa, where the President would pass them in review before they set out in pursuit of Drake under the orders of still a fourth Diego, for this was the baptismal name of Garcia de Palacio who, after having fortified Realejo, upon receipt of news of the corsair's presence near that port, had gone to Zonzonate to organize the expedition.

Palacio, who was author of a highly interesting description of the port of Guatemala, which he addressed to Philip II in 1576, had the reputation of being an active man well trained in law and the art of governing, as well as in affairs of war, an opinion that was justified by some of his writings, and by two books that he published in Mexico a few years later on the art of war by land and sea. But as often is the case, his acts were not always in accord with the excellence of his theory.

On August 2, the eve of the day selected for the fleet to set sail, he announced that he was very ill, complaining that one leg and arm were crippled. We may doubt whether this was true if we trust what Valverde wrote to the King about him: 'Many people have told me that Palacio was not sick at all. I inform Your Majesty of this because Palacio has written a book on military questions, and I am told he has sent it to Your Majesty, and that he concerns himself with matters of war by land and sea; but when he is

engaged in Your Majesty's service his words and deeds do not agree.' After this comic interlude, the fleet weighed anchor on August 27 to give chase to Drake, who had been for more than a month pursuing his tranquil voyage to the China Sea.

For fifteen years to come, Drake was to continue to inflict shrewd blows upon the Spanish power in Europe and America. With unwearying hatred and vigor, he pillaged the city of Vigo, attacked Carthaginia of the Indies, took possession of the Island of San Domingo, ravished the coasts of Florida, burned a hundred ships in the Bay of Cadiz, contributed as much as anyone else to the destruction of the Invincible Armada, attacked Corogne, disembarked at Lisbon, and captured richly laden ships everywhere. Execrations of his name resounded in every corner of the Spain over which Philip II ruled. It was like a barometer announcing the decline of that formidable power built up by the Catholic kings and the Emperor Charles V.

Drake returned yet again to the West Indies, the theatre of his first adventures, but fickle Fortune smiled on him no longer. He endured a defeat at the Canary Islands, and another at Porto Rico, where his comrade and master, Hawkins, died. But he took revenge for this by burning the cities of Rio Hacha, Santa Marta, and Nombre de Dios. His men left their ships to attack Panama, but were completely beaten. He went to Porto Bello; but when he was in sight of that port an attack of dysentery ended his life and his vengeance together on January 28, 1595, at four o'clock in the morning. His ashes, enclosed in a leaden case, lie at the bottom of the Bay of Porto Bello, beneath those waters across which Columbus's caravels came swaying in the year 1492.