which gravitate towards the earth like other bodies, at the fame time that they mutually repel each other. That is to fay, the air is an heavy and elaftic fluid. Its weight is familiarly fhewn by exhaufting the air out of a bottle, which will then weigh lefs than before, and its elafticity appears in a blown bladder, which being made to give way inwards, by preffure, recovers its figure when the preffure is removed. Now the air near the furface of the earth being fubject to the preffure of the whole fuperincumbent atmosphere, is denfer than at greater heights, and at the height of 44 miles the air is fo extremely rarefied that it ceases to reflect the folar light in any fenfible degree, as is fufliciently proved by obfervations upon the twilight.

The fpring or elafticity of the different kinds of air, with the knowledge of which the fortunate fkill of Dr. Priestley has enriched the modern philofophy, is very different in intenfity. The elafticity of inflammable air is the ftrongeft, and therefore its bulk, equal weights being fuppofed, is the greateft, or, in other words, its fpecific gravity is the leaft of any. But the action of the fpring of all the kinds of air muft be equal while they are fubject to the fame common preffure; namely, that of the atmosphere: becaufe, if the expreffion may be used, the fprings are all equally bent. Upon these two circumstances all the advantage of the French experiment depends.

For the weight of a cubic foot of common air being 1 oz. averdupois, it follows from the hydrostatical principle laid down at the beginning of this paper, that every body of one cubic foot folidity is preffed upwards by the air with a force equal to that weight, and if the weight of the body be lefs than the upward preffure, it will afcend. Suppofe now an hollow veffel of one cubic foot capacity, and weighing half an ounce in the air, were to have its internal air exhaufted, it would then afcend with a force equal to the furplus of r beyond that is to fay equal to 7 of an ounce. But this we have already obferved to be

impoffible; becaufe no veffel of that magnitude and weight can be strong enough to fupport the preffure of the atmosphere without yielding inwards. Let it, therefore, be filled with inflammable air. The fpring of this air being equal to the preffure of the atmofphere, will act on the internal furface of the vellel and fuftain it; though at the fame time, en account of its extreme lightnefs, it will add no more than of 12 oz. that is oz. to the weight. The veffel confequently will fill afcend with a force equal to of an oz. In this cftimate the inflaminable air is fuppofed to be pure and unmixed.

1 2

It is hardly practicable to make fo fmall a veffel as we have mentioned fufficiently light; but it is well known that by increafing its magnitude its comparative weight may be diminished in any proportion to its bulk. Those who are unacquainted with the mathematics may easily understand this, by confidering that the whole weight of the veffel is in proportion to the furface of filk, or other material employed in its conftruction, and that the faine piece of filk which would make two bags of a given fize, will make a fingle bag of much more than double the former fize, if the whole be employed together. But it will be eafy to apply the method of computation to a veffel of any other magnitude, where weight is known.

The preffure of the atmosphere becoming lefs and lefs while the height increafes, but the fpring of the included inflammable air remaining the fame, except fo far as it may be affected by the temperature of thofe regions through which the veffel may pass, it is clear that the equilibrium which fubfifted between the fpring of the included, and the preffure of the external air, will not continue as the vessel afcends, but the former will prevail, and the veffel at length burft, if there be not fome provifion made in its conftruction to prevent it. The only effectual method to do this, feems to be that of adapting a valve that shall open outwards, with fome difficulty. By this contrivance, the furplus of air

will be permitted to efcape when its action becomes too ftrong for the refiftance of the valve.

Since the force by which a veffel of this nature is preffed upwards is always equal to the difference between of its bulk of the air it floats in, and its proper weight: and because the air it floats in must become continually rarer as the veffel afcends, while its proper weight remains unaltered, it follows that when the veffel has arrived at a region where of its bulk of air is equal to its proper weight, it will ceafe to afcend. But as its acquired velocity will carry it a minute diftance above this region, it will return by a kind of libration, and pafs to a like distance below. At this laft place, the greater density of the external air overpowering the fpring of the included air, will comprefs it, and the ball will be no longer buoyant, but will defcend, and fall to the earth in a flaccid ftate.

Every one who has heard of the aeroftatical ball, will be ready to enquire into the ufes to which it may be applied. There are two advantages which may be derived from this machine. The one is, that of fending philofophical inftruments properly prepared to the upper regions of the air, that in their return they may bring an account of the denfity, heat, &c. of those parts of the atmosphere which have hitherto been inacceffible. The other is, that of carrying men or other weights aloft for many purpofes, which will be fufficiently obvious to moft people. If, for example, a chair was fufpended beneath a veffel of this kind, at a fea-port town, and a man were to be fent up, his afcent being limited by means of a rope or cord, he would be able at a fufficient height to behold the fea and fhores beneath him like a large map, and could difcern the pofi

tion of fleets, &c. at a prodigious distance. Or if a greater degree of intrepidity and skill be fuppofed in the aerial adventurer, he might afcend till the pendant rope became a counterpoife, at which time an affiftant below cutting it with a fathom or two advantage in favour of the defcent, he might gather up the rope, and by a fmall exertion of mufcular force on a pair of wings, would be able not only to prevent his defcending, but might, perhaps, produce a progreffive motion fufficient to ftem a wind of no great rapidity. The utility of this needs no pointing out.

near

If the afcent be made without a counterpoife to favour the return to the ground, the preponderancy may at any time be given, by letting out part of the inflammable air. But this expedient would probably be attended with the greateft danger. For it will be difficult at a confiderable height for the adventurer to determine whether he afcends or defcends, because there will be no fixed object fufficiently near to affift his judgement. He might, therefore, let out a greater quantity of air than is neceffary to produce a gentle fall, and would not be apprized of the rapidity of his defcent, till a approach to the ground evinced his fatal mistake. However, it is very poffible to contrive remedies for this. And though the novelty of the fubject may attract the ridicule of those who find it cafier to utter a witticifm than to examine the ftrength of an argument with candour and impartiality, yet it cannot be doubted, by men of fcience and penetration after what has happened, but that the art of flying is now very practicable, and that its dangers will for the moft part arife from the want of knowledge, or of prudence in him who attempts it.

And rouze the river's headlong rage: Th' infuriate flood, red, foamy, strong, Thro' broken rocks, and rugged caves Roars deaf'ning; wildly-tumbling raves; And boils, and breaks the cavern'd cliffs among.

Cerdic's afflicted bride,

Shelter'd above the raging tide,
Leans on a rock: with anxious eyes
The waite of waving heath explores:
And wrathful as the torrent roars,
Loofe to the gale her hair dithevell'd flies.
"O! when (the cries) when fhall I hear
My Cerdic's joyful footsteps near?

Or his foft accent in the gale?
Could I his faithful dogs defery!
Or could I hear their jovial cry!

Hatten, my Cerdic, to the dale. To thee the fad Oleina calls:

Hatten and shield me; thield my native walls.

"Save me, O Cerdic, fave! To thee my plighted faith I gave: Defend me from th' inhuman foe:

For now, with furious fierce alarms, Llewellyn, in the pride of arms, Invades, and menaces the dale below.

"Cerdic, he blasts thy name!For me the rav'ning fpoiler came: Me of my hoary fire requires:

Elfe threatens that his favage crew
Their hands thall in his blood embrue;
And raze his towers rent with devouring fire.

"No, never, never will I yield!-
And yet unequal in the field,

My hoary fire for pity pleads.

Where thall I find thee? Cerdic, why
Wilt thou not liften to my cry?

Elle my reluctant father bleeds!

Elfe mutt I never fee thee inore,

Torn from my father, and my native fhore."-

Wild, thro' the lucid air,

Rofe the loud outcry of defpair:

And whirl'd by the voracious tide,
Behold the lover fwept away!-
"For me, for thine Oleina itay,"
Frantic the cries, " itay for thy weeping bride.

"My love, my love," the cries:
Alas! no gentle voice replies;

But hoarfe and deep the torrent roars:
The lover, heedlets of her woe,

Grafp'd in his hand the flacken'd bow,

Whirls round the rocks, and rude-rebellowing

thores.

Oleina 'mid the wild alone,
Moan'd; and afar her broken moan
Borne in the midnight blatt was heard.
O rein, ye winds, your tavage power!
In pity, ipare th' unthelter'd Hover.
Alls! when roty mom appear'd,

Extended on the mountains grey,

A cold, wan corfe the lovely maiden lay.
S. Q:

A

VERSES defigned for a WATCH-PAPER. Watch may reprefent the mind of man, And well affure him that his life's a fpan; His reas'ning powers the active balance shows, Thoughts are the hands declaring how it goes; Confcience, the regulator, fets it right: The chain reflexion wound up every night, With felf-examination, as the key, The figur'd dial-plate your beart may be. Your words and actions best its goodness prove, Whit every wheel should by religion move. THE RURAL CHRISTIAN.

ENCORE; or, The LADY VOLUNTEERS
Request from the Isle of Wight.
A SONG.

By the late DUKE of DORSET.

WHA

WHAT tho' this arm can't wield a fword,
Yet, let me, Anfon, come on board,
My voice fhall join the cannon's roar,
And one town burnt, I'll cry Encore.
Britain ftrike home fhall be my fong,
Revenge on France all Europe's wrong;
Fight, fight her fleets, and ne'er give o'er,
Till her laft fhip ftops my Encore.

Am I deny'd this just pretence?
At least I'll try my voice from hence;
Shake then, proud France, thake thro' each shore,
For, lo! a Marlbro' comes Encore.

To a FRIEND who preffed the Author to marry
for the fake of a great fortune.
By the late DUKE of DORSET.
N vain with riches would you try
My ftedfalt heart to move:

No, I'll give up my liberty,
For no lefs price than love.
Riches, indeed, may give me power,
But not a chearful mind;
Whilt joy and peace attend each hour
On those whom love has join'd.
But thould the itch of power or state
My views to riches carry,

I'd cringe at court, in fenate prate,
Do any thing but marry.

Since then not wealth's deceitful fhew
Can tempt me to this chain,
Try next what gen'rous love can do;
All other bribes are vain.

To foften into tears the hardest heart,
With all the woes that murder can impart;
While others, more to be commended, flrive
By Comic fcenes to keep your mirth alive;
O'er every face the cacatful fmile diffute,
With all the droll'ries of a laughing mufe;
Let me endeavour now to make you fimile,
With Imitations in a mod tyle,
A concert folus, or perform'd by one--
Biefs me, fay you, this furely can't be done-
To which, with fubinition, I beg to reply,
Tho' it feems quite a paradox none can deny,
I'll appeal to you all, when I've finih'd, to own
If ever you heard from are perion alone
Such different voices and mutical founds *,
With which my uncommon performance abounds.
If what you hear your approbation gains,
'Tis well, and I'm requited for my pains.
Should I be out of tune, as like I may,
Let not your cenfure add to my difmay.
Your own good-nature, if the mimic errs,
I know will pardon it-your fervant, Sirs +.

A CITY ECLOGUE.

Quid mirare, meam fi verfat fœmina vitum, Et trabit addictum j„5 fua jura virum. PROPERT. El. ix. Lib. 111. "TWAS to dicis their hair: WAS Sunday morning, quite ferene y air, Prepar'd in buggies or in gigs to ride, With fome fair nymph cloic wedg'd in by their fide,

To fmell a dunghill-view a farm, or plain, Then dine-get drunk--and drive to torn again! Smart 'prentice youths, and clerks their boots

drew on,

Intent on mounting horfs had on loan,
And male and female, in promiscuous throng,
To quit the city hurried all al ng,
When Mrs. Cafk her furly tpoule addrefs'd,
And fmiling fottly, thus her with ex, refs'd.
Mrs. C. How fweet the moning air! how
vaftly fine!

I'd like immenfly out of town to dine,
In fome gay village, near the public road:
You know, my dear, we feldom go abroad;
Confin'd the week, dear Mr. Cajk, as we,
We should on Sunday breathe fome air that's free.
Our neighbour Potion, says as bow 'tis good,
Both for the fpirits, and to cleante the blood.
Come, have a coach, and drive fomewhere from
town;

You'll make the tea, whilt I put on my gown.
Mr. C. I hate all jaunts expenfive fuch as thefe;
I'il dine at home; but after, if you pleafe,
We'll take a walk, as fober folks thould do,
To Ilington, or Bagnigge--I and you.
I'll imoke my pipe, and you thall drink your tea,
Pell can go with us-wite, do you agree?

Mrs. C. You fill will talk in your old vulgar
Style;

Pray, do you think that I can walk a mile?
We'll have a coach, as folks of tafte fhould have,
Since you've enough, why should I be a flave?"
I cannot walk-I can't, upon my life!--
We'll have a coach, fay yes, and end our strife.

Mr. C. You cannot walk! why not as well as I? You'd find it eafy, if you'd only try.

Mrs. C. Fie! Mr Catk, how foolifbly you talk! Do you expect that I fhould meanly walk? Don't all my neighbours every Sunday ride, And july would not they me then deride? To walk, is vulgar; with a chearful face, Say yes, at once-come, do it with a grace.

Mr. C. Expence for ever!-ay, this is the way,
I flave behind the counter every day;
Scarce itir one moment, weekly, from my shop,
Save juft fometimes in at the Sun to pop,
To imoak my pipe, and fee what's going on,
The price of ficcks—the lottery-and loan;
Yet this and that, and t'other thing you buy,
And every way to ruin me you try—

A thousand things I've got to cause vexation,
Bad debts-fad failures—children's education.
Two fons a daughter, all at boarding fe bud!—
Some folks have told me, I'm an arrant fool,
To bring up children as great people do,
And this expence owing all to you.
The half year's bilis I faw the other day,
And very foon I'll have them too to pay;
There's " dancing-drawing-mufic-coats---
cap-bat,

[what! Cluthes minded-ers"-and the Devil knows Again for Pull-you need not fume nor fret, You'll fee me foon expos'd in the Gazette.

Mirs. C. Don't many neighbours fend their fons

to college,

To learn old Greek—and get all kinds of knowledge,
At more expence? and yet you trifles grudge:
Why, Mr. Cafe, our fack may be a judge.
Poor wretched woman, that I e'er thould be
Faft ty'd for life unto a bear like thee!
Don't all around me in their fattins flaunt,
And of their liveries and attendants vaunt,
See ball and plays in the genteeleft ftile,
Whilst I at home fit moping all the while?
A gown or cap you Icarce will e'er beftow,
And what you do is at a price fo low,
That I'in not fit in public to appear;
And yet you gain a thoufand neat a year,
Befides ten thoufand out on mortgage lent,
That brings you in a pretty fum per cent,

Mr. C. I ftop my cars-pray hold your curfed

tongueYou'll drive me mad-I'm always in the wrongO Lud!-0 Lud! my life is wretched fure! Continual din and noife do I endure. One time I'm teaz'd to buy a fattin gown; Next day to drive perhaps ten miles from town Sometimes, however bufy be the day, I'm dragg'd by force to coach it to the playEach day you find fome little pretty things, That I must purchase-china-plate-or rings. I'm fearce allow'd a fingle moment's cafe, Nor muft I do but what you, Madam, please. My hat and wig are fometimes ungenteel: I'm often forc'd to ftrip from head to heel; My old drab coat, I long on Sundays wore, Tho' whole, is now become a fad eye-fore; My woolen night-cap too offends your fight; I fcarce dare go to fmoke my pipe at night, 'Tis low—'tis mean-'tis vulgar, till you bawl, And then poor me you fomewhere ftrive to haul;

And

wrong,

Mama and I have gone on foot too long.

Mr. C. Be quiet, hulley-don't I always pay, Enough for you-demands come every day; Trade is low, and taxes faft advancing, So, Mifs Pert, I'll pay for no more dancing. Mrs. C. O! cruci man! how can you ferve one fo!

More rude and bearifb every day you grow:
Such treatment furely would provoke a faint!
My fmelling bottle!-Oh! I faint!-I faint-
Mr. C. Here, Betty! Betty!-falts!—the
bottle-run!

Oh! foolish man! what have I, have I done!-
My child in tears-my wife in fainting fits!
Oh! neighbours, help!-I'll lote, I'll lofe my
wits!-

Mrs. C. Ah! barb'rous man!--and will
not relent?

Muft I untimely to my grave be fent?

you

Mr. C. Dry up your tears-the comfort this of
marriage!

Once more, wife, I'll treat you with a carriage-
Run Betty quickly-run into the street,
And hire the first neat hackney coach you meet-
Thefe women ftill fomehow have got the art,
To overcome us, and to melt the heart;
Let us poor cits do whatfoe'er we may,
Our headstrong fpoufes ftill will have their way!
Newington-Green.

AMANDA.

Y fuit the fair Amanda difapproves;

W. J.

Farewell ye nymphs, who waters fip
Hot reeking from the pumps,
While mufic lends her friendly aid,

To cheer you from the dumps.

Farewell, ye wits, who prating ftand,
And criticife the fair;

Yourfelves the joke of men of sense,

Who hate a coxcomb's air.

Farewell to Deard's, and all her toys,
Which glitter in her shop,
Deluding traps to girls and boys,

The warehouse of the fop.
Lindfey's and Hayes's, both farewell,
Where, in the fpacious hall,
With bounding steps, and fprightly air,
I've led up many a ball.

505

When Somerville, of courteous mien,
Was part'ner in the dance,
With fwimming Hawes, and Brownlow blithe,
And Britton, pink of France.
Poor Nafh, farewell! may fortune fmile,
Thy drooping foul revive:

My heart is full, can no more

John, bid the coachman drive.

ON WINE.
Tranflated from the Greek BAеCHYLIDES,
IF Cupid wound thy love-fick heart,

A flowing bowl will cure the fmart;
And Hope her genial power employ,
When Bacchus leads the way to joy.
While Care, and all her hideous train,
Shall roufe their angry fnakes in vain.
Then Fancy fhall the mind control,
And dreams of rapture fwell the foul,
By thee o'erthrown, in ruins lie
The citadels that reach'd the fky:
Bleit with a throne, in regal fway,

ye Loves!

At once adieu, ye Mufes and
You both muit from me part, or both remain.

Yet fee how Dainon can with cafe fucceed!
In Damon's arms the live-long day the fighs;
With rapt attention liftens to his reed,
And on his faith implicitly relies.

Does then the form of Damon mine excel? Can Damon tune the pipe with Sweeter art? In fofter words his love can Damon tell? Or more averfe to falfhood is his heart?

His merit may or may not mine tranfcend; It nought avails, if, as the Poets fing, The blinded God his bow at hazard bend, And paffion from caprice and whimfy (pring.

FAREWELL TO BATH.
By Lady M. W. MONTAGU.

Tandeke, ye beaus, to you,
O all you ladies now at Bath,

With aking heart, and watʼry eyes,
I bid my laft adicu.

LOND. MAG. Dec. 1783.

The fplendid roofs, emboss'd around,
With gold and ivory are crown'd;
And vefiels, heap'd with yellow grain,
From Egypt crofs the boisterous main.
For thee the envied riches fhine,
Such is the magic power of wine.