faving of expences exactly the fame to the public. I cannot but hope the notes will foon arrive, and that the lettiement of accompts may be completed by the affiitance of the paymatters in a very few days. In the mean time I fhall have the honour of laying the fentiments of the generals and officers commanding regiments and corps betore Congrefs. They are expreíled in fuch a decent, candid, and affecting manner that I am certain every mark of attention will be paid to them. I have the honour to be, With very great elteem, Sir, Major-General HEATH. The two fubjects of complaint with the army appear to be, the delay of the three months pay ment which had been expected, and the want of afettlement of accounts. I have thought myfelt authorited to alfine them Corgrefs had and would attend particularly to their grievances, and have made fome hitle variations refpecting furloughs from what was at fint propofed. The Secretary at War will be able to explain the reafon and propriety of this alteration. While I consider it a tribute of puftice on this occalion to mention the temperate and orderly behaviour of the whole army, and particularly the accommodating fpirit of the oficers in arranging themelse to the command of the battalions which will be compofed of the three year's men, permit me to recall to mind all their former tutterings and merit, and to recommend their seasonable requests to the early and favourable notice of Congrels. I have the honour to be, &c. Privileges granted to Americans trading to the Welt-Luia iflands. A PROCLAMATION. Claude Charles Vifcount de Damas, marshal of the camps and armies of the King, Leutenant-General of the government, General of the ifland of Martinique and its dependencies, and Commandant General of the French windward itlands, in abience of the Governour, Lieutenaut Generd of the faid itlands. Jacques Petit Intendant, Sieur de Vievigne, Councilor of the King and his Councils at Martinique, Prendent and Commidary General of the illand of Martinique and its dependencies, &c. &c. &c. As the trade of our colonies, and that of the Thirteen United States of North-America, promifes a reciprocal benefit and advantage to both nations, fo are we willing to grant the laft mentioned every privilege in our ports or harbours. In order to animate them thereunto, it has appeared to us, as we find, that the duty formerly ftipulated on them was not calculated agreeable to the nature of the trade, lading, and fize of their veffels; alfo for reafon of the long detention of their vellels in our ports, we find that they must have run into many unnecellary expences, which have caufed the lofs of their voyage and labour; and to prevent thofe obftacles, we do hereby grant and permit to their merchants to furnith our colonies with every kind of their commodities which our nation cannot fupply us with, and likewife to fuffer them to purchale and load any kind of produce of our faid iflands, of which we alfo grant the fame privilege to our own merchants; this being the will and pleafure of his Majefty, who has authorited and ordered us to have it publiihed in the following articles: Art. I. All Americans that carry on trade in our colonies fhall have no more to pay for every veffel than fixteen livres, ten fols anchorage, and twenty-four livres, fifteen fols at the Admiralty-Office, and the fame fum, and no more, to the interpreter, for which he shall be bound to take the captain to the general or governour, and to at him in every thing, agreeably to the laws and cuttoms of the country. II. And as we want to favour, as much as polible, the freedy difpatch of all American vellele, we do hereby permit ani allow to all their citablished merchants, to build at the bay of Gu lere a ram distillery, and round about the city of St. Pierre proper cisterns to keep a futficient quantity of molalles, for which we hereby exempt them free from all duty and tax money, and every one of their negroes, for the space of five years. We have thought proper to publish, register, and institute this at the Admiralty-Office, and every Custom-House within our government, and alfo charge our D rector-General to ufe every diligence to fee executed, in order that no perfon hereafter may plead ignorance. Given in Fort-Royal, Matinique, July 231 1783, under our feal and coat of arms, and the feal of our fecretark. Was further figned DAMAS and VIEVIGNE. And lower by the GENERAL and PRESIDENT, DELAU, Director-General. The firing is a true fate of the debts due from the Thirteen United States of America, as appears from the Financier General's accorn, the 30th of May, 1783: Foreign debt, 7,385,005 dollars. Dometick ditte, 34,115,290 dollars. Total 42,000,355 dollars. Equal to 9,450,079l. 175. 63. iterling. Anual intereft on foreign debt of four and five per cent. 366,538 6 45 dollars. Ditto on domestic dito, at fix per cent. 2,046,917 dollars. Total 2,415,955 6 45 dolars. Equal to 543,5891. 175. 63. Herling. Didency duc from the feveral counties of NewJeday, from the it or january to the ; d of June 1783: Bergen county 1069 12 3 dollars. Effex 3565 14 4 ditto. Middlefex 3354 8 o ditto. Monmouth 5051 150 ditto. Somerfet 4572 0 0 ditto. Burlington 5228 2 10 ditto. Gloucefter 952 11 10 ditto. Salem 2501 19 4 ditto. Cape May 1248 o o ditto. Huntingdon 6666 1 7 ditto. Morris 4582 6 8 ditto. Cumberland, paid nothing, 2700 o o ditto. Suffex, ditto 4800 o o ditto. Total 46,292 11 10 dollars. In purfuance of an order of Congress dated Sept. 18. a copy whereof was received in this office yesterday evening, I do hereby publish the information, "That the receivers in the feveral ftates have long fince been inftructed to take all notes figned by the Superintendant of Finance in payment of taxes, and alfo to take up all fuch notes whenever tendered, if they have public money in their hands." ROBERT MORRIS. Office of Finance, Sept. 19, 1783. GENERAL WASHINGTON'S farewell orders to the armies of the United States. Rocky Hill, near Princeton, Nov. 2, 1783. THE United States in Congrefs affembled, after giving the most honourable teftimony to the merits of the foederal armies, and prefenting them with the thanks of their, country, for their long, eminent, and faithful fervice, having thought proper, by their proclamation, bearing date the 18th of October latt, to discharge fuch part of the troops as were engaged for the war, and to permit the officers on furlough to retire from fervice from and after to-morrow, which proclamation having been communicated in the public papers for the information and government of all concerned, it only remains for the commander in chief to addrefs himself once more, and that for the last time, to the armies of the United States (however widely difperfed individuals who compofed them may be) and to bid them an affectionate, a long farewel. But, before the commander in chiet takes his final leave of thofe he holds moft dear, he wishes to indulge himself a few moments in calling to mind a flight review of the paft--he will then take the liberty of exploring, with his military friends, their future profpects; of advifing the general line of conduct which in his opinion ought to be purfued; and he will conclude the addrefs, by expreffing the obligations he feels himfelf under for the fpirited and able atiiitance he has experienced from them, in the periormance of an arduous office. A contemplation of the complete attainment (at a period earlier than could have been expected) of the object for which we contended againit fo formidable a power, cannot but inspire us with aftonifhment and gratitude. The difadvantageous circumftances on our part, under which the war was undertaken, can never be forgotten. The fingular interpofitions of Providence in our feeble condition were fuch as could fcarcely efcape the attention of the molt unobferving-while the unparalleled perfeverance of the armies of the United States, through almost every poffible fuffering and difcouragement, for the pace of eight long years, was little fhort of a standing miracle. It is not the meaning, nor within the com pafs of this addrefs, to detail the hardships peculiarly incident to our fervice, or to defcribe the diftreffes, which in feveral inftances have refulted from the extremes of hunger and na kednefs, combined with the rigours of an inclement feafon; nor is it neceflary to dwell on the dark fide of our paft affairs. Every American officer and foldier must now confole himself for any unpleasant circumftances which may have occured by a recollection of the uncommon fcenes in which he has been called to act no inglorious part; and the aftonishing events of which he has been a witnefs-events which have feldom, if ever before, taken place on the stage of human action, nor can they probably ever happen again. For who has before feen a difciplined army formed at once from fuch raw materials? Who that was not a witness could imagine, that the molt violent local prejudices would ceafe fo foon, and that men who came from the different parts of the continent, ftrongly difpofed by the habits of education to defpife and quarrel with each other, would inftantly become but one patriotic band of brothers? Or who that was not on the fpot can trace the steps by which fuch a wonderful revolution has been effected, and fuch a glorious period put to all our warlike toils? It is univerfally acknowledged that the enlarged profpects of happiness opened by the confirmation of our independence and fovereignty almoft exceed the power of defcription and fhall not the brave men who have contributed fo effentially to these inestimable acquifitions, retiring victorious from the field of war to the field of agriculture, participate in all the bleffings which have been obtained In fuch a republic, who will exclude them from the rights of citizens, and the fruits of their labours? In fuch a country, fo happily circumftanced, the purfuits of commerce, and the cultivation of the foil, will unfold to industry the certain road to competence. To thofe hardy foldiers, who are actuated by the spirit of adventure, the fisheries will afford ample and profitable employment; and the extentive and fertile regions of the Weft will yield a moit happy afylum to thofe, who, fond of domettic enjoyment, are fecking for perfonal independence. Nor is it pollible to conceive that any one of the United States will prefer a national bankruptcy, and a diffolution of the union, to a compliance with the requifitions of Congrefs, and the payment of its jutt debts, fo that the officers and foldiers may expect confiderable affittance, in recommencing their civil occupations, from the fums due to them from the public, which mutt and will most inevitably be paid. In order to effect this defirable purpose, and to remove the prejudices which may have taken poffeflion of the minds of any of the good people of the ftates, it is earnestly recommended to all the troops, that, with strong attachments to the union, they fhould carry with them into civil fociety the most conciliating difpotitions; and that they should prove themfelves not leis virtuous and useful as citizens, than they have been perfevering and victorious as foldiers.What though there fhould be fome envious individuals, dividuals, who are unwilling to pay the debt the public has contracted, or to yield the tribute due to merit, yet let fuch unworthy treatment produce no invective, or any inftance of intemperate conduct-let it be remembered, that the unbiafied voice of the free citizens of the United States has promiled the juít reward, and given the merited applaufe-let it be known and remembered, that the reputation of the foederal armies is established beyond the reach of malevolence, and let the confciousness of their achievments and fame ftill excite the men who compofed them to honourable actions, under the perfuafion that the private virtues of oeconomy, prudence, and industry, will not be lefs amiable in civil life, than the more fplendid qualities of valour, perfeverance, and enterprife were in the field:-every one may reft aflured that much, very much, of the future happiness of the officers and men will depend upon the wife and manly conduct which thall be adopted by them, when they are mingled with the great body of the community. And altho' the general has fo frequently given it as his opinion, in the moit public and explicit manner, that unless the principles of the foederal government were properly fupported, and the powers of the union increated, the honour, dignity, and juftice of the nation would be loft for ever; yet he cannot help repeating, on this occafion, fo intereiting a fentiment, and leaving it as his laft injunction to every officer and every foldier, who may view the fubject in the fame ferious point of light, to add his beft endeavours to thofe of his worthy fellow citizens, towards effecting thefe great and valuable purposes, on which our very existence as a nation fo materially depends. The commander in chief conceives little is now wanting to enable the foldiers to change the military character into that of a citizen, but that steady and decent tenour of behaviour, which has generally diftinguished not only the army under his immediate command, but the different detachments and feparate armies, through the course of the war; from their good fenfe and prudence he anticipates the happieft confequences; and while he congratulates them on the glorious occafion which renders their fervices in the field no longer neceifary, he withes to express the ftrong obligations he feels himfelf under, for the affistance he has received from every clafs, and in every inftance. He prefents his thanks, in the moit ferious and affectionate manner, to the general officers, as well for their council on many interesting occations, as for their ardour in promoting the fuccefs of the plans he had adopted; to the commandants of regiments and corps, and to the other officers, for their great zeal and attention in carrying his orders promptly into execution; to the itaff, for their alacrity and exactness in performing the duties of their feveral departments; and to the non-commiffioned officers and private foldiers, for their extraordinary patience in fuffering, as well as their invincible fortitude in action; to various branches of the atmy the general takes this last and foleinn opportunity of profeffing his inviolable attachment awa tindihip. He wilhes more than bare pro 613 feffions were in his power, that he was really able to be useful to them all in future life. He flatters himself, however, they will do him the justice to believe, that whatever could with propriety be attempted by him has been done.And being now to conclude thefe his latt public orders, to take his ultimate leave, in a fhort time, of the military character, and to bid a final adieu to the armies he has fo long had the honour to command, he can only again offer, in their behalf, his recommendations to their grateful country, and his prayers to the God of armies. May ample juitice be done them here, and may the choiceft of Heaven's favours both here and hereafter attend thofe, who, under the divine aufpices, have fecured innumerable bleffings for others! With thefe withes, and this benediction, the commander in chief is about to retire from fervice. The curtain of feparation will foon be drawn-and the military icene to him will be clofed for ever! EDWARD HAND, Adjutant-General. In anfwer to which the following letter and ad- SIR, THE officers of the part of the army who agreed on the inclofed addrefs having committed to us the honour of prefenting it--with great pleasure we now offer to your excellency this teftimony of their affectionate attachment and refpect. We have the honour to be, With perfe & confideration, Your excellency's most obedient, A. M DOUGALL, Major-General. General Washington. The ADDRESS is as follows: WE, the officers of the part of the army re we contemplate the glorious conclufion of our labours. To that merit in the revolution which, under the auspices of heaven, the armies have difplayed, pofterity will do justice; and the fon will bluth whofe fathers were their foes. Moit gladly would we catt a veil on every act which fullies the reputation of our countrynever thould the page of history be ftained with its dishonour-even from our memories thould the idea be erafed. We lament the oppofition to thofe falutary measures which the wildom of the union has planned; meatures which are effential to the justice, the honour, and intereft of the nation. While the was giving the nobleft proots of magnanimity, with confcious pride we faw her growing fame; and, regardless of prefent fufferings, we looked forward to the end of our toils and dangers, to brighter fcenes in profpect. There we beheld the genius of our country dignified by our fovereignty and independence, fupported by juftice, and adorned with every liberal virtue. There we faw patient hutbandry fearless extend her cultured fields, and animated commerce fpread her fails to every wind. There we beheld fair fcience lift her head, with all the arts attending in her train. There, bleft with freedom, we faw the human mind expand; and throwing afide the restraints which confined it to the narrow bounds of country, it embraced the world. Such were fond hopes, and with fuch delightful profpects did they prefent us. Nor are we difappointed. Thofe animating profpects are now changed, and changing to realities; and actively to have contributed to their production is our pride, our glory. But justice alone can give them stability. In that justice we still believe. Still we hope that the prejudices of the mitinformed will be removed, and the arts of falfe and teltith popularity, addrefied to the feelings of avarice, defeated: or, in the worit event, the world, we hope, will make the just distinction: we truft the difingenuoufhefs of a few will not fully the reputation, the honour, and dignity of the great and refpectable majority of the States. Our We are happy in the opportunity just prefented of congratulating your excellency on the certain conclusion of the definitive treaty of peace. Relieved at length from long fufpenfe, our warmeit with is to return to the bofom of our country, to refume the character of citizens; and it will be our higheit ambition to become uleful ones. To your excellency this great event must be peculiarly pleating: for while at the head of her armies, urged by patriot virtues and magnanimity, you perfevered, under the preflure of every pollible difficulty and difcouragement, in the purfuit of the great objects of the war, the freedom and faiety of your country your heart panted for the tranquil enjoyments of peace. We cordially rejoice with you that the period of indulging them bas arfived to loon. In contemplating the biefings of liberty and independence, the rich prize of eight years hardy adventure, past sufferings will be forgotten; or if remembered, the recollection will jerve to heighten the reluth of prefent happiness. We fincerely pray God this happiness may long be your's; and that, when you quit the itage of human life, you may receive from the Unerring Judge the rewards of valour exerted to fave the oppreffed, of patriotifm, and difinterested virtues. Weft-Point, Nov. 15, 1783. Extract of a letter from Philadelphia, dated 18th of the 10mo, 1783. "The people called Quakers, in America, having been long impretled with a sense of the inquity of the flave trade, at length enjoined the members of their fociety to liberate all fuch as they held in bondage, but finding a difpofition in fome till to continue and carry on this unrighteous traffic, believed it to be their religious duty, at the late anniverfary meeting, to prefent an addrefs to the United States in Congress, which was favourably received, and a committee thereupon appointed by Congress to take the fame into confideration. The addrefs is as follows: To the United States in Congress assembled, the addrefs of the people called Quakers. "BEING, through the tavour of Divine Providence, met as ufual at this feafon, in our annual aflembly, to promote the cause of piety and virtue, we find with great fatisfaction our well-meant endeavours for the relief of an oppreffed part of our fellow-men have been fo far blefied that thofe of them who have been held in bondage by members of our religious fociety are generally restored to freedom, their natural and juft right. "Commiferating the afflicted state into which the inhabitants of Africa are very deeply involved by many profeffors of the mild and be nign doctrines of the gofpel, and affected with a fincere concern for the effential good of our country, we conceive it our indilpenfable duty to revive in your view the lamentable grievance of that opprefied people, as an interesting subject, evidently claiming the ferious attention of those who are entrusted with the powers of government, as guardians of the common rights of mankind, and advocates for liberty. "We have long beheld with forrow the complicated evils produced by an unrighteous.commerce, which fubjects many thoufands of the human fpecies to the deplorable state of flavery. "The restoration of peace, and restraint to the effufion of human blood, we are perfuaded, excite in the minds of many, of all chriftian denominations, gratitude and thankfulness to the all wife comtroller of human events; but we have grounds to fear, that fome, forgetful of the days of diftrefs, are prompted by vari cious motives to renew the trade for flaves to the African coats, contrary to every humane and righteous confideration, and in oppotion to the folemn declarations often repeated in tavour of universal liberty, thereby increafing the too general torrent of corruption and licentiouf nef, and laying a foundation for future cala PHILOSOPHY. WE have already prefented our fky was cloudy in fome places, clear in readers with concife accounts of the various air-balloons which have been launched at Paris, and in England, and have given a philofophical inveftigation of the principles on which the aeroftatical experiments are performed, and now a more circumftantial account of the aerial voyages of Meffrs. Charles and Robert demands a place in our repofitory. This narrative will eftablish the truth of the doctrines which were laid down in the London Magazine for December, and afford a further inftance of the cafe with which journeys may be performed through the air with fafety and expedition. "The first aerial journey was performed on Friday Nov. 21. by two gentlemen in a balloon on M. Montgolfier's principle: that is, the mover was the fmoke of burnt ftraw. "The beft defcription of it is contained in the certificate of the members of the Academy of Sciences, under whofe directions the experiment will be made with another balloon of twenty-fix feet diameter, filled with inflammable air. Two brothers, Meffrs. Robert, are to travel by it. They expect to go at least twelve or fifteen leagues in a very few hours. The expence will coft above 500 guineas, which have been raised by a private fubfcrip others, the wind N. W. Eight minutes after twelve at noon, a fignal was given to announce that they began to fill the machine; in eight minutes time it was perfectly developed on all fides, and ready to ftart. The Marquis d'Arlandes and M. Pilatre de Rozier were placed in the gallery. "It was intended at firit to let the machine rife, and then to withhold it with ropes, in order to put it to trial, to compute the exact weight it might carry, and alfo to fee whether every part was properly completed for the important experiment which was going to be made. But the machine being driven by the wind, inftead of raifing itfelf vertically, went in a direction on one of the walks in the garden, and the ropes which held it acting with too much force, feveral rents were occafioned thereby, one of which was fix feet in length. The machine having been replaced on the alcove, was repaired in lefs than two hours. Having been filled again, it went off at 54 minutes after cne, carrying the fame gentlemen; it rofe in a majestic manner, and when it had afcended the height of above 250 feet, the intrepid travellers waving their hats, faluted the fpectators: it was impoffible not to feel then a fenfe intermixed with fear and admiration. "The aerial travellers were foon out of fight, but the machine hovering on the horizon, and appearing in the most beautiful form, afcended gradually 3000 feet, fome fay 3000 feet in height, where it fill remained vifible; it croffed the Seine below the Bar of Contenance, and paffing thence between the Military School and the Hotel of the Invalids, it was vifible by all Paris. "The travellers being fatisfyed with this experiment, and not being willing to extend their excurfion, concerted means to defcend, bat perceiving that the wind carried them over the houfe in the Rec Seve, fuburb St. Germaine, and |