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I batred hem on the bak
And boldede hire hertes.-Piers Plouhman, v. 1755.
BATTLE, i. e. Battalion. Ch. and Brende.
And four Battelles gan they make.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 7356. The cavalry, by way of distinction, was called the Battle, and on it alone depended the fate of every action. The infantry was almost of no account.

Robertson. Charles V. v. i. sec. 2.

BAW. To bawd, to dirty, to defile.
And in tawny tabard-

Al so torn and baudy.-Piers Plouhman, v. 2865.

Me thought by thy speche,

That this whiche thou me doest for companie I should wenen it a bauderie (pimping. Tyrw.). Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, iii. 397. BAZAR. A word now in common use — from the Persian-applied to a number of shops and stalls under the same roof. The Bazars of Constantinople are described (Encyc. Metrop.) to be "spacious edifices of solid masonry, divided into a number of galleries, on each side of which there are warehouseshired by merchants and tradesmen."

In this noble city (Cashan) the houses are fairly builtthe buzzar is spacious and uniform, furnished with silks, damasks, and carpets of silk.

Sir T. Herbert. Travels (1677), p. 223.

BE. Often written Bi; and By, prep. anciently also written, Be and Bi.

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Wiclif's Bible renders the Lat. Tacens, in the Later Version," a stille man;" in the Early Version, "A Be-er still."

For we beth bretheren of blood.

Piers Plouhman, v. 12834. Litli he dispisith alle thingis, the whiche hym silf euermore thenkith to be to dien. (L. V. That he shal die.) Wic. Pref. Ep. of St. Jerome, p. 75. There is a beere stille (L. V. a stille man, tacens), and he is prudent.-Id. Ecclus. xix. 20.

BEADLE.

Forsothe thei stoden in sit of the ymage whiche Kyng Nabugodonosor hadde putt; and a Bedel criede miştily, To you it is sayd.-Wic. Dan. iii. 4.

BEAK, s. The words of Suetonius at the end of the Life of Vitellius establish the antiquity of this Gallican Vocable. Junius Antonius Primus, born at Tolosa, had in his boyhood the name of Becco, id valet Gallinacei rostrum.

BEAN.

A grete bolle-ful of benen Were beter in hys wombe.

Piers Plouhman's Crede, v. 1519. BEAR. To bear the bell; to bear or carry off the bell given as a prize. So also to lose the bell. What berth (beareth) that buyrn (barn or bearn). Piers Plouhman, v. 11168. Now tyme of beryng was comen, and loo, twynlingis in the wombe of hir weren foundun.- Wic. Gen. xxv. 24. And thei schulen putte in barris on the schuldris of the bereris.-Id. Num. iv. 6.

This false knight, that hath this treson wrought,
Bereth hire in hond that she hath don this thing.

Chaucer. Man of Lawes Tale, v. 5040.
Let se, whiche of you shall bere the bell
To speke of love.-Id. Troylus and Cressida, iii. 198.
In single fight he lost the bell.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Bulloigne, xvii. 69.

BEARD. In the berde, full in the face; to make his beard, as we now vulgarly say, to shave him; to cut, pare, or peel too sharp, too close.

And in the berde withoutin lenger lette,
Hir fomen in the felde anon him mette.

BEF

Yet can a miller make a clerkes berde,
For all his art.-Id. Reves Tale, v. 4094.
In faith he shal not kepe me but me lest,
Yet coude I make his berd so mote I the.

Id. Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 5943.

BEAST. See BESTIAL.

Forsothe the Lord had mynde of Noe, and of alle lyuynge beestes, and of alle werk beestis. (E. V. Jumentis, jumentā.) -Wic. Gen. viii. 1. (In Num. xxxii. 26, he renders pecora, feeldbeestis, and jumenta, howsbeestis.)

BEAT. To get the better of; also to make better, to repair, to abate, qv. See Better.

He buffetted me so about the mouth, That out my teeth he bette.-Piers Plouhman, v. 14307. Sotheli if thei seen hym that synnede, worthi of betyngis (plage), thei schulen caste him doun, and make to be betun befor hem.- Wic. Deut. xxv. 2.

BEL

Oh sacred hunger of the greedy eye. . .
How thou befanciest the men most wise.

G. Fletcher. Christian's Triumph over Death. BEFILLE, i. e. Be-felle. Ch. See Be-fall. (Wisdom knowith) the bifallyngis of tymes and of worldies. (E. V. Chauncis, eventus.)- Wic. Wisd. viii. 8. Er that daies eighte

Were passed in the month of Juil, befill,
That January hath caught so great a will
Through egging of his wif

Chaucer. Milleres Tale, v. 10007.

BE- or BI-FORE. See FORE. Corresponds in Com. with the Lat. Præ. (See Glos. to Wiclif's Bible,) as Bifor-brek, prærumpere, Zech. xiv. 4; -come, prævenire, 2 Mac. xiv. 31; -goere or renner, præcursor, Ex. xxxiii. 2; -greithing, præparatio, Ps. Ixiv. 10; passende, præcellens, Ecclus. xxiii. 33; And he goynge fro that place, say tweyne othir bretheren makynge agein, or beetynge her nettis. (L. V. amend-ripe, præcoquæ uvæ, Num. xiii. 21; -tasted, præynge, reficientes.)-Id. Mat. iv. 21. gustata, Ex. xxii. 31; -warne, præmonere, Wis. | xviii. 19.

For sothe Jobb lyued aftir these betyngis (E. V. scourgis) an hundrid and fourti zeer.-Id. Job xlii. 15.

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And men were founde of nature variante,
And coulde be false and shew beau semblaunt.
Chaucer. Court of Love.
Wherefore we praie you all, beau sire!
That ye foryeve him now your ire.

Id. Rom. of the Rose, v. 6056. BEAUTIFICATION. A pleasantry of Cowper. Olney is itself in a state of beautification.

To Lady Hesketh, June 26, 1791. BE-CARVE. See CARVE. Whether he that erith, schal ere al dai, for to sowe, and schal be kerue (E. V. forth cutten, proscindet) and purge his londe?- Wic. Is. xxviii. 24.

BECK. A. S. Becc; Dan. Bak; D. Bece. A brook, in Yorkshire. Somner. (I have) watch'd The beck roll glittering to the noon tide sun, And listened to its ceaseless murmuring. Southey. Joan of Arc, i. 235.

BECK, BECKON.

Thei wenten with strast out necke, and in beckis of ezen (nutilus oculorum) ziden, and flappeden with hondis for ioye.- -Wic. Is. iii. 15.

And Joseph was Prince of Egipte, and at his bikenyng (L. V. Wille, nutum ad ejus) whete cornes weren solde to the peplis.-Wic. Gen. xlii. 6.

And therwithall hir beckes
gonnen mete
Yelding honour and humble obeisaunce
To Love.

Chaucer. Legend of Good Women, Prologue, v. 148. BED.

If I shul sustene, helle is myn hous; and in dercnessis I beddede my bed. (L. V. arayede, Stravi lectulum meum.) Wic. Job xvii. 13. Tho I tary neuer so moch, yet the grave is my house, and I must make my bed in the darcke. Bible, 1549. Id. ib. BEDE. See BEAD and to Bid. BED-REDE. See BED-RID.

BE'EMOL. Low Lat. Be-mollis, i. e. b-mollis or b soft; called, by Bacon, a half note.

A true computation ought ever to be by distribution into equal portions. Now there be interveniens in the rise of eight, in tones, two beemolls, or half notes. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 104. BEES. Their nest is called a Bike, qv. in Jamieson.

Dranes doth nought

But drynketh up the huny,
Whan Been with her busynes

Han brought it to hepe.-Piers Plouhman, v. 1449.
As many heds, as many wittes ben,
They murmured as doth a swarm of been.
Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10519.
BE-FANCY, v. To cause to fancy; to fill with

Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, iv. 41. fancies; to delude.

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With purple wings upflew In golden weed the morning's lustie Queene, Begilding (with the radiant beames she threw) His helme, &c.

BEGIN.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Bulloigne, xviii. 15. With pitous herte, his plaint hath he begonne, Unto the Goddes.-Chaucer. Frankeleine's Tale, v. 11341. BEGUILE.

Sone, the almesse deed of the pore man ne begile thou (L.V. defraude, ne defraudes), and overturne thou not (ne transvertas) thin eşen fro the pore.- Wic. Ecclus. iv. ì. Whether thou shalt begile to hym as to a brid (L. V. scorne, illudes), or byndin hym with litil hokis? Wic. Prov. xl. 24.

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BELIE, v.

BEN

Thei lede Lordes with lesynges

And bi-lieth the truthe.-Piers Plouhman, v. 5639.

BELIEVE.

Antony by dayes, Aboute noon tyme

Had a brid that broughte hym breed,

That he bylyvede.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 10184.

Therfor lerne the byleve

Gif any worldly wight

Levest me were

Wil me (it) couth.-Id. Crede, v. 31.

Thi witnessingis ben maad beleeuable (L. V. able to be bileeued, credibilis) ful myche.- Wic. Ps. xcii. 5.

Swiche harme I felt, for he ne might byleve.

Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10897.
So that it (his book) might in such a wise
When we be deade and elswhere
Beleue to the worldes ere (ear)
In tyme comyng after this.-Gower.
The great beleve and visytation that the people made
thither.-Berners' Froissart, ii. 332.

Prol.

The proper and genuine effect of this faith is to live as we believe, to conform our lives to the doctrine to the truth whereof we assent. Hence it is that true Christians, that is, those who fashioned their lives according to the Gospel are called Believers; and the whole of Christianity is many times contained in this word Believing, which is the great principle of a Christian life.

Tillotson. Sermons, vol. iii. p. 3, Serm. ev.

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BENEFICES.

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Now, therfor, Lord, thou art God, and hast spoke to thi funderentur).—Wic. 3 Kings xviii. 28.
seruaunt grete benefices. (E. V. benfetis, beneficia.)
Wic. 1 Par. xvii. 26.
BENEFIT. See Wiclif in v. Benefice, supra.
And for worshipe and benefet (L. V. benefice, beneficio)
he shal yelde to hym wrong.-Wic. Ecc. xxix. 9.

BENIM, v. A. S. Beniman. See Quotation from
Persones Tale in v. Gent, Gentry.

His benefice

Worth by-nomen hym.-Piers Plouhman, v. 1997.
Bute thou ther aftur vs binyme our franchise al clene.
R. Gloucester, p. 47.
The Scottes name is all above, and the Picars al bi nome.
Id. p. 42.
The thridde tunge stronge or weddid wymmen caste out
and shal bynyme them (privavit) their trauailes.
Wic. Ecclus. xxviii. 19.
This Narcissus had suffred paines
For renning all daie in the plaines;
and of his werinesse
That had his breth almost benomen.

BENISON.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 1509.

Y drede lest he wene me wiln to bigile hym, and brynge malysoun (L. V. cursyng, maledictionem) for benysoun (L.V. blessyng, benedictione).- Wic. Gen. xxvii. 12.

BENT, s. (sc.) of a hill. See BEND, and the
Quotations in v. Armipotent. Cotgrave (it must be
observed) explains the Fr. Pente, "The declining
downward, Bent, slopeness, or slope; hanging of a
hill, ditch, roof," &c. See PENT.

BENT, s. Ger. Bintz, from binden, to bind; as
Lat. Juncus (Voss. and Wachter) from Jungere, to

Thei ferden the werse.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 5459. join. A kind of binding grass. Bacon speaks of

Thou bel amy! thou Pardoner, he said,

Tel us som mirth of japes, right anone.

Chaucer. Pard. Prol. v. 12252.
Gode aventure, O belle nece! have ye
Ful lightly founden.-Id. Troylus and Cressida, ii. 288.
BELLOW.

(Cow) wolde belwe after boles.-Piers Plouhman, v. 7258. The belu (ether blower, E. V. meltende vessel, conflator) failide, leed is waastid in the fler, the weltere weltide in veyn.- Wic. Jer. vi. 29.

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(Thei) wollen by-molen it many tyme.

Piers Plouhman, v. 8907.
BEMOW, v. See Mow, and BEMOCK.
That dwelleth in heuenes shal scorn them, and the Lord
shal bemowe them (irridebit).- Wic. Ps. ii. 4.
Our enemyes bemoweden us. (L. V. scornyde us.)
Id. lb. lxxix. 7.

BENCH. A seat or couch. Also, as we use a gentleman's seat.

Lady! on that countrey, thou me adjourne,
That cleped is thine bench of freshe flour.
Chaucer. A. B. C. v. 159.

BEND. See BAND. A band, or horizontal stripe;

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A bende of gold and silk full fresh and gaie,
With her in tresse ybroudered full wele,
Right smothly kept, and shinyng every dele.

Id. Court of Love, v. 810. There was one Flavius, a Lucane, the principall head of that bend and side of the Lucanes, which, when the other faction revolted unto Anniball, tooke the Romanes part. Holland. Livius, p. 559.

I am desirous you should be possessed with the true knowledge of what a bent will I have upon all occasions to do you service.-K. Digby to Sir Ed. Esterling.

BENEDICTION.

So saying, he arose: whom Adam thus

Follow'd with benediction.-Milton. Par. L. viii. 645.

it as producing dust. And benting times (for pigeons,
Dryd.) are the times when pigeons can find no better
food.

(He) quickly arms him for the field:-
His spear a bent both stiff and strong,
And well near of two inches long.

Drayton. Nymphidia.
Then (among scents) the flower of the vines: it is a little
dust, like the dust of a bent, which growes upon the cluster,
in the first comming forth.
Bacon. Essay xlvi. Of Gardens.
Bare benting times and moulting months may come,
When lagging late they cannot reach their home.
Dryden. Hind and Panther.

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See BURROW.
The cell a chapel had on th' eastern side
Upon the western side a grove or berrie.
Skerington. Ariosto, c. xli.
(Thou) sit'st sweetly piping on thine oaten reeds
Upon the little berry (some ycleep

A hillocke).-Browne. Past. b. ì. c. 2.
For theatres are berries to the fair,
Like ants on molehills thither they repair.
Dryden. Ovid, Art of Love, iii. ch. 9, p. 133.
BE-RUE..See To RUE.

The riche repente thanne
And bi-rewe the tyme
That evere he gadered so grete,
And gaf therof so litel.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 7930.

BESAUNT, s. or BEZAUNT. A Byzantine coin. What womman hauynge ten besauntes (drachmas) and if sche hath lost oo besaunt, whether she teendith not a lanterne and turneth upsedoun the hows and sechith diligentli, til that sche fynde it?- Wic. Luke xv. 8.

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To wage or lay a wager; to support,
A. S. Bad-ian, is to lay in, or to pawn or gage.
Bad, a gage or pledge. Junius derives from A. S.
Wed, pignus. A. S. Wedd-ian; D. Wedden; Ger.
Wetten; Sw. Weds-a; Dan. Vædde. And he re-
marks the affinity with Vas, Vad-is. See Wed.
BET, now better (qv.) common usage.
BE-TAKE.

Alle thingis to hym weren bitauzt. (L. V. bitakun, tradita.)- Wic. Gen. xxxix. 4.

My soule betake I unto Sathanas.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3748.
BETE. See BATE.
BE-THINK.

My lippis shal not speke wikkidnesse, ne my tunge bethenke lesing (meditabitur).— Wic. Job xxvii. 4.

If thou offrist thi ift at the auter, and ther thou bithenkist that thi brothir hath som what atens thee, leue there thi zifte. (recordatus fueris).- Wic. Mat. v. 23.

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BETRAY, v. 1. 3, after fallere :-r. The Ger. Trieg-en, to deceive, to beguile ;-is to draw, sc. into a snare-from trag-en, trah-ere, to drag, or draw. But Menage derives from Lat. Trad-ere; and Hen. Stephens (see in Junius) has no doubt that from Trad-ere was originally formed Fr. Trad-ir, (It. Tradere,) which was afterwards changed into Trah-ir (a word-male formatum ex verbo male intellecto,-the Lat. versions of the N. T. considering Tradere as equivalent to Prodere). In Wiclif-" by whom mannis-sone schal be bitrayed,"-is in the Vulgate-" per quem filius hominis tradetur." And the common usage assumes the same origin for Betray, as that acknowledged for Traitor. Lat. Trad-itor. To betray-is

To draw; to attract; sc. into a snare, to beguile,

BIE

to deceive, to delude. And consequentially-To deliver up, &c.

BETTER. In Somner. The A. S. Betan is, To restore, to repair, to amend, to make better, &c. &c. D. Boeten. And Boeten het vier, Struere ignem, Boeten de netten, retia resarcire. In Chaucer, to bete the fire: to bete nettes.

The bet may thow spede.-Piers Plouhman, v. 3691.
Two fires on the auter gan she bete.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2295. Pipen he coude, and fishe, and nettes bete.

ld. The Reves Tale, v. 3925.

I have said the truth of Pliable, and if I should also say the truth of myself, it will appear there is no betterment betwixt him and myself. Pilgrim's Progress. Christian to Goodwill. BETWEEN. Wic. renders the Lat. Interrupit, He betwe brac; and Interruptio, betwe brosure. Ps. lxxvii. 15; Is. xxx. 13.

The cercles of his eyen in his hed
They groweden betwiren yelwe and red.

BEVEL.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2134.

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A compaignie of his apostles,

And bi-wicched hem as thei woke,

And awey stolen it.-Piers Plouhman, v. 13262.

BEWLAPPE, or BEWRAP.

Dredis shulen make him aferd on ech side, and shulen biwlappe his feet. (V. r. bewrappe.)- Wic. Job xviii. 11. BE-WREY or BE-WRY. See BEWRAY. BEZAUNT. See BESAUNT.

BI, BY. Prep. In Comp. Be: as Bifore, Before; Bynime, Benim; Bimene, Bemean.

BIBLE. Wic. renders Bibliotheca, a Biblet, a litel Bible.

He (Neemye) makide a litel Bible (Bibliotheca, M. V. a library) gadride bookis of cuntrees.-Wic. 2 Mac. ii. 13.

Now therfor if it semeth good to the King, rikene he in the Biblet of the Kyng (E. V. librarie) which is in Babiloyne, whether it be comaunded of Kyng Cyrus, that Goddis hows schulde be bildid in Jerusalem.-Id. 1 Esd. v. 17.

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BIN

What? Should I bie it on my flesh so dere?

Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prol. v. 5749.

BIE, s. or BEGE, or BEWE. A. S. Beg, Beag, Beah, Corona, Armilla; from A. S. Byg-an, to bow, qv.

And he (Pharao) putte aboute his necke a goldun beeze. (L. V. wrethe, torques.)- Wic. Gen. xli. 42.

She answeride, The ryng and the bier of the arm. (E.V. arm cyrcle, armilla.)-Id. Ib. xxxviii. 18.

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BIGOT.

A Bigot reverses the Order of Creation, and makes God in Man's image: choosing the very ugliest pattern to mould from, namely, himself.

Warburton (in Potonius, c. xciii. Pickering). BILE, i. e. BOIL, qv. In Wic. is var. written, Biel, Byil, Beele.

Smyit thee the Lord with the byil of Egipt. (L. V. Botche, ulcus.)-Wic. Deut. xxxviii. 27; v. 35, Biel. BILIBRE. Lat. Bilibris.

A vois seiynge, a bilibre of wheete for oo peny, and three bilibris of barli for a peny.- Wic. Apoc. c. vi. v. 6.

BILL. Chaucer calls "the Lettre" in which Damian" wrote all his sorwe," v. 9754," a Bill," v. 9811, v. 9826.

BILL. The Tool.

Alle hilles that in a wode Bil (L. V. Sarpe, sarculo) shul be purgid, or kytt off.- Wic. Is. vii. 25.

Y haue set thee as a newe wayn, threischynge, hauynge sawynge bilis. (E. V. piked poeles sawende, rostra serrantia.) Wic. Is. xli. 15.

BILL, of bird.

What ben the two eris, or rijp fruyt, of the olyues, that ben bysidis the two golden bilis (rostra, v. r. brid billes) in whiche ben oyle vesselis of gold.-Wic. Zech. iv. 12.

BILLIARDS. Written by Spenser, Balliards. A billiard, a ball, or small bowle (Fr. Bille); to play at billiards (Fr. Biller), Sphæristerio ludere. See Minsheu and Cotgrave.

A thousand wayes he them could entertaine,
With all the thriftles games that may be found;
With mumming, and with masking all around,
With dice, with cards, with balliards farre unfit,
With shuttlecocks, &c.

Spenser. Mother Hubberd's Tale, v. 803.
Cleop. Let us to billiards. Come, Charmian.
Char. Mine arm is sore.

Shakespeare. Antony and Cleopatra, act ii. sc. v.
Eye brows bent like beauties bow-
Front, an ample field of snow,
Even nose and cheek withal
Smooth as is a billiard ball.

Ben Jonson, Underwood's. A Celebration of Claris, § ix. When the ball obeys the billiard-stick, it is not any action of the ball, but bare passion.

Locke. Human Understanding, b. ii. c. xxi. § 4. BILLOW.

The yellow harvest billowed o'er the plain.
Southey. Joan of Arc, v. 120.
The silent troops around
Stood thickly throng'd as o'er the fertile fields
Billows the ripen'd corn.-ld. Ib. ix. 268.
BIMENE, i. e. BEMOAN, qv.

BIND.

Hise woundes he wasshed,

And bond his heed.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 11508. Thei zaven to hym a gobet of a bundel of drye figis, and twei byndyngis (E. V. bundels, ligaturas) of dried grapes. Wic. 1 Kings xxx. 12.

He bint him to perpetual obeissaunce,
And she bint hire to loven him for ever,
But so be his trespace he discever.

Chaucer. Comp. of Mars and Venus, xlvii. 8. BINE. (sc. of the hop,) the bind, quia instar vinculi aut fascia ambit.

BLA

BIRD. Bird in Bower is Bride in Chamber. Piers Plouhman and Chaucer.

The justices somme busked hem to the bour, Ther the burde (Mede the Mayde) dwellede. Piers Plouhman, v. 1384. Thes gentils, whos loond ze shulen weeld, brydd conjurers, and dyuynours heren. (Augures. See Quot. from Wic. in v. Chat.)- Wic. Deut. xviii. 14. Her chere was simple as birde in boure. Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 1014. See BORE.

BIRE.

BIRL. A. S. Byrla; Piacerna, Byrlian, Haurire.

Take thou the cuppe of wyn of this woodnesse fro myn hond, and thou schal birle therof to al hethene men to whom Y schal sende thee. (E. V. drinc.)

Wic. Jer. xxv. 15. And Y took the cuppe fro the hond of the Lord, and Y birlide to alle folkis to whiche the Lord sente me. Id. Ib. v. 17. The olde God of wyne called Baccus birlyng the wyne. Hall. Henry VIII. fo. Ixxiii.

(They) Dame Elynour entrete To byrle them of the best.-Skelton. El. R. v. 269. BISHOPHOOD. Tymothe, the apostle, enfourmeth and techith of the ordynaunce of bischophood and of the dekenhood. Wic. 1 Tim. Prol. p. 453. BISMARE. A. S. Bismerian. To scoff at; to dishonour; to disgrace (a consequential usage of to Besmear, qv.) Speght says, curiosite; Tyrwhitt, -abusive speech; Wright-infamy, reproach, disgrace. See Quotation from Chaucer in v. Hoker. Hearne says, scorne, derision.

He drof hym to busemare, as me ofte deth the olde.
Robert of Gloucester, p. 379.
He (was) murie in soule,
And bold and abidynge

Bismares to suffre.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 13543.
Of chidynge and of chalangynge
Was his chief liflode,

With backbitynge and bismere

And bering of fals witnesse.-Id. Ib. v. 2651.
BITCH.

And thanne gan he to go

Lik a gle-mannes bicche

Som tyme aside

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He boot hise lippes.-Id. v. 2642.

For it is boteless bate

The byte that thei eten.-Id. v. 12481.

This freeman bote of his owne tongue, and cast it in the face of thilke wood tyraunt.-Chaucer. Boecius, b. ii. p. 6. BITRENT. Perhaps Be-trained, Betrain'd, Betraint, Trained. "Twisted or carried round." Tyrwhitt.

And as, about a tre, with many a twist
Bitrent, and writhen is the swete wodbinde,
Gan eche of hem in armes other winde.

Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, iii. 1231.
About hire eyen two, a purpre ring
Bitrent, in sothfast tokening of her pain,
That to behold it was a dedly thing.-Id. Ib. iv. 870.
BITRESHED. See BETRASH.

BLAB.

Never my speche shal be stille, Crist helpende; also the tunge cut shal blaberen.- Wic. 1 Esdr. Prol. p. 478. BLACK.

My skin is bleckid up on me. (L. V. maad blak, denigrata est.)- Wic. Job xxx. 30.

BLACKGUARD. Usages similar to that quoted from Ben Jonson are met with in other of our older dramatists.

BLADDER.

A greet chorl

With a face so fat

As a ful bleddere.-Piers Plouhman's Crede, v. 442.

BLAINE. Chaucer writes Bleine. See in v.

Royne.

Now han thei buclede shone

For blenyng of her heles.-Piers Plouhman, v. 596.

BLI

He smot Job with the werste stinkende bleyne (L. V. botche, ulcus), fro the sole of the fot unto the nol. Wic. Job ii. 7.

BLAME, v. See Blaspheme. The phrase " Is to blame" is a remnant of old English idiom. In like

manner

Many a dreme ful sore is for to drede.

Chaucer. Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 15069. Here may you see that visions are to dread.-Dryden.

BLANCH. In Chaucer, Troylus and Cressida, i.
916, Blaunche fever (Fr. Fevre Blaunche), is (as in
Cuckoo and Nightingale, v. 41) Fever White.
Ye aren enblaunched with bele paroles,

And with clothes atoo.-Piers Plouhman, v. 9836.
He wole proven it by Pocalips
That nether bacon ne braun,
Blanc-manger, ne mortrews

Is nether fissh nor flesshe

Bote fode for a penaunt (penitent).—Id. v. 8220.

BLANCH, v.

Telusa. Saw you not the Deare come this way, he flew downe the winde, and I beleeue you have blancht him. Lily. Galathea, Act ii. Sc. 1.

BLASPHEME. Quasi βλαψιφημος, παρα το βλαπτειν την φημην, quia famam lædet. See in Voss. To hurt the fame (and then as in Dictionary). Leed thow out the blasfeme (L. V. blasfemere, blasphemus) out of the tentis.- Wic. Lev. xxiv. 14.

He suffride not the puple, that awhile gon had a litil quykid aten, for to be suget eftsone to blasfeme natiouns. (Blasphemis nationibus.)-Wic. 2 Mac. xiii. 11.

BLAST, s.

If God dresseth his herte to hym, he shal drawe to hym silf his spirit and blast (flatum).- Wic. Job xxxiv. 14. BLAZON. And see Blase, s. in v. Blow. (Wax) on a warm glede

Wol brennen and blasen.-Piers Plouhman, v. 11830. BLE. There are many plurals formed on this termination; e. g. agreeable, agreeables, &c.

BLEAR.

For smoke and smolder

Smyteth in hise eighen

Til he be bler-eighed (or blynd).

Piers Plouhman, v. 12016. Lya was blere ized, Rachel was of faire face, and semeli

in sizt. (E. V. with blerid eyen, lippis oculis.)

Wic. Gen. xxix. 17. I forsothe may not with blere eyen the shininge Sonne of vertue in bright whele of this Margarite behold. Chaucer. Test. of Loue, b. 2.

BLEAT.

And he ches Dauid his seruaunt, and he bar hym vp fro the flockis of shep; fro the aftir berende blet he toc hym. (L. V. fro bihvnde scheep with lambren, post fatantes.) Wic. Ps. lxxvii. 75.

BLEE.

Alle blake is your blee.-Skelton.

BLEIN. See BLAIN.

BOA

BLISS. See BLESS, and LISS. (Marie) That bar that blisful barn. Piers Plouhman, v. 884. I shal blis to thoo that blissen thee. (L. V. blesse, blessen.) Wic. Gen. xii. 2. And Zelpha bare anothir, and Lya seide, That for my blisfulness. (L. V. blis, beatitudine.)- Wic. Gen. xxx. 13. And in her barme (lap) this litel child she leid, With ful sad face, and gan the child to blisse, And lulled it and often gan it kisse.

Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 8428. BLO. In Skelton. Livid. Dyce. See BLUE. BLODER. Blether (qv.) in the north is applied to the clamorous bleating of sheep and noisy crying of children.

Lo then han women none other wrech (wreak) in vengeaunce, but bloder and wepe til hem list stint.

BLOOD.

Chaucer. Test. of Loue, b. ii.

For alle are we Cristes creatures,

And of his cofres riche,

And bretheren as of oo blood,

As wel beggeres as erles.

For on Calvarie of Cristes blood

Cristendom gan sprynge,

And blody bretheren we becommen there

Of o body y-wonne.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 6954. And whanne the blood wreker (L. V. vengere of blood, ultor sanguinis) hym pursue, thei shulen not take hym into his hoondis.- Wic. Josh. xx. 5.

And when I (Absalom) byd you smyte Ammon, then kyll hym: Feare not, for it is I that byd you, be bolde therfore and play the lustye bloudes.

BLOSSOM.

Bible, 1549. 2 Kynges, xiii.

Thei blosmed a-brood.-Piers Plouhman. v. 2751. And thei schulen blosme fro the citee, as the hey of erthe doith. (E. V. floure, florebunt.)- Wic. Ps. lxxi. 16. The flowre of chivalry-now blosming faire.

Spenser to Earle of Cumberland. BLOT, v. See Quotation from T. of Bible, Epitomist, infra.

BLOTE, v. Infumare, to smoke; Minshew derives from Dut. Bloedt; Skinner, from blos-en, rubescere; whence he adds, our bloat coloured. See BLOWZE.

To smoke (sc. herrings) till dry.
BLOW.

Go to Elchiam, the grete preest, that the monee that is brought into the temple of the Lord be blowen to gydre (confletur).- Wic. 4 Kinges, xxii. 4.

The blase therof y-blowe out.-Piers Plouhman, v. 11790.

BLU'DGEON. Not in our older lexicographers. A stick formed to inflict severe blows (perhaps to fetch blood; a bloody (A. S. Bloodig) blow).

By them the innocent are put in terror, affronted, and alarmed with threats and execrations, endangered with loaded pistols, beat with bludgeons, and hacked with cutlasses.-Fielding. On the Increase of Robbers, s. viii.

BLUE. See BLEE and BLO. In Wic. Ex. xxi.

BLESS, i. e. to blisse, qv. And see Fairefax in 25, Livorem pro livore is in the E. V. rendered v. Blush.

And whanne Selfa after conceyunge childed a sone, Lya seide, Blessidly. (E. V. graciously, feliciter.) Wic. Gen. xxx. 10. Min hope, min hele, and all my blesse, My worldes welfare and my goddesse. Chaucer. Duchesse, v. 1039. BLETHER, or BLEDDER. Notts, Linc. &c. Perhaps from, to bleat as a lamb for its dam. See BLODER.

BLEVE, i. e. Beleave, qv.

BLEW. See BLOW.

BLIN. See BLENT.

BLIND.

(Ye) blende mennes wittes.-Piers Plouhman, v. 5870. This light and this leme

Shal Lucifer a-blende.-Id. v. 12350.

And al this thing he (Pandarus) told him orde and ende, And how that he Deiphobus gan to blende.

Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, ii. 1496.
So when the watchful Shepherd from the blind.
Dryden. En. iv. 95.

BLINK.
They will beguile you, and lead you blinking thro' Hell.
Lord Cobham, in Southey, Book of the Church, c. iv.

Blones for Blones; in the L. V. A wan wounde for a wan wounde.

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BOB.

BON

I am bisy for the Jewes that ouerfloun to the Caldeis, lest par auenture Y be taken into the hondus of hem, and thei bobbe to me. (L. V. scorne me, illudant.)

Wic. Jer. xxxviii. 19. Thei forsothe scorneden in ther corneris, and that dai that the Lord spac, thei werende bobbende (L. V. bobbynge, illudentes) his prophetus.-Id. 3 Esd. i. 51. Hel. You shal not bob us out of our melody.

Shakespeare. Troylus and Cressida, iii. 1. If we be conquered, let men conquer us, And not these bastard Britaines, whom our fathers Haue in their owne land beaten, bobb'd and thump'd, And on record left them the heires of shame. Id. Richard III. act v. sc. 3.

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But if he be blynd or broke-legged,
Or bolted with irens,

He shal, &c.-Piers Plouhman, v. 4069.
He has bin bred i'th'warres,
Since he could draw a sword, and is ill school'd
In boulted language: meale and bran together
He throwes without distinction.

Shakespeare. Coriolanus, act iii. sc. 1, fo. 17. A pretty slip-skin conveyance to sift Mass into no Mass, and Popish into not popish: yet saving this passing fine sophistical boulting hutch, &c.

Milton. Remonst. Def. P. W. 1. 84. BOLTERED. Having the hair clotted or matted together.

The blood boltered Banquo smiles upon me.

Shakespeare. Macbeth, act iv. sc. 1.

BOLT-SPRIT, or "Vox nautica," says SkinSner, "from Dut. Bolt, vectis,

Bo'WSPRIT.

a bar, and spritt, a sail-yard."

A transverse beam in the mast of a ship. Sometime I'ld diuide,

Ariel.

And burn in many places: on the top-mast,
The yards and bolt-spritt, would I flame distinctly,
Then meete and ioyne.
Shakespeare. Tempest, act i. sc. 2.
Then on the leeward sheet the seamen bend,
And haul the bow-line to the bow-sprit end.
Falconer. Shipwreck, e. 2.

BONECHIEF.

For yf I consented to you to do hereafter your will for bon chefe or mischief that may befall me in this lyfe, I demein my conscience, that I were worthy herefore to be cursed of God.-State Trials, i. 181.

BONER. In Wic. Ps. xxxvi. 11, Bonere is a var. r. of debonere, qv. and Debonernesse of Bonernesse. Schal I come to zou in a zende, or in charite, and in spirit of bonernesse or myldenesse.-Wic. 1 Cor. iv. 21. BONNET, v. To bonnet, as-Fr. Bonneter, is to pull off his cap unto.-Cot. And it is so used in Coriolanus. To poll a tree, is to lop off its poll or

BOT

head. A tree unpolled is a tree with its head on. And such is our common usage; and thus in Shak. Othello-To stand unbonnetted, is to stand with the bonnet on. To cap, uncapped-To bark, unbarked, &c.

Then let vale a bonet of their proude sayle.

Shelton. Works, i. 133. (Dyce). BOOBY. Skinner proposes the Sp. Bobo, or Boro, a fool, or the Ger. Bub, or Bube, D. Boeve, a boy, as if one-ever to be a Boy; and he assigns both to the Lat. Pupus. See letter B.

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BOOTS for the legs.

(One) Bare-foot on an asse bak

Boot-les came prikye.-Piers Plouhman, v. 12093.

The which body (Crist's) is bothe

Boote to the rigtfulle

And deeth and dampnacion

To hem that deyeth yvele.-Id. v. 7617.

Blynde and bed-reden

Were bootned (relieved) a thousande.-Id. v. 4181.
A woman is the man's bote,

His lyfe, his deth, his woe, his wele.

Gower. Conf. Am. b. vii. BORDELL. In Wic. Num. xxv. 8, Lupanar is rendered Hoorhows, var. r. Bordelrie.

BORE. But, it must be added, the Sw. Boer, Ventus, is traced by Ihre to the D. Bewren, tollere, elevare; to raise, to elevate, to bear up.

Bire is of common occurrence in Wiclif, and rendered from impetus.

Thou wendest thee not to seen dercnessis, and thurt bire (L. V. fersnesse, impetu) of rennyng watris not to ben oppressid.- Wic. Job xxii. 11.

Wrathe hath not mercy, ne brekende out wodnesse; and the bure of the stirid spirit bern who shal moun. (L. V. who mai suffre the fersnesse.)-Wic. Prov. xxvii. 4.

BOROUGH.

And Loth forsothe abode in the borow tounes that weren abowte (in oppidis) Jordan.- Wic. Gen. xiii. 12.

BORREL.

And thanne shul burel clerkes ben abasshed.

Piers Plouhman, v. 6202.

BORROW. Variously written borgh, borugh,

bowre.

And if ye gyuen borwynge (mutuum dederitis) to hem, of whiche ye hopen to take azen, what grace is to you. Wic. Luke vi. 34.

BOSOM.

He came where into creekes and bosomes blende
A winding hill his corners turn'd and cast.

Fairefar. Godfrey of Bulloigne, xix. 8.

BOSS. See Quotation from Floure and Leafe, in v. Pettrel, infra. Ch. Boc. 1. 3, Pr. 4, writes Boss, a pustule,-Boche. Wic. renders the Lat. Lunula, a Boce.

BOST. See BOAST.

BOTCH.

He sent me under his seel

A salve for the pestilence,

And that his blessynge and his bulles

Bocches myghte destruye.-Piers Plouhman, v. 8525. The Lord smyte thee with the worst botche (E. V. Biel. See Bile, Boil; ulcus) in the knees and in the hyndere partes of the leg.- Wic. Deut. xxviii. 35.

Thei enstoren the temple, and eche feble thingus thei bocchyn. (L. V. reparele, sarciunt.)—Id. 2 Par. xxxiv. 10. Thou shalle haue my hauke to a botchment, i. e. to boot -in addition-to 20 marks.-Skelton, i. 261. (Dyce.) See Boor.

BOTE. BOTH.

A chaste goddesse of the wodes grene,
To whom both heuen, and erthe, and see, is sene.
Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2300.

BOTHUM. See BUTTON.

BOTTLE. Charles Smith's Dustman presents

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And (Josua) bad that fadris schulden teche hire children how thei passiden bi the drie botme of Jurdan. Wie. Bib. v. i. p. 8. Jerome's Prol. Rings, collars.

BOUGH. BEIGH.

I haue y-seyen Segges, quod he,

In the citè of Londone,

Beren beighes ful brighte

Abouten hire nekkes.-Piers Plouhman, v. 321.

Whenne his bouz, or braunche, is now tendre, and leeuys sprungen, zee witen that somer is niz.

Wic. Matt. xxiv. 33. And he (Pharao) clothide hym a stool (stola) of biys, and put aboute his necke a goldun beeze (torquem). Wic. Gen. xli. 42. BOUKE. See BULK.

BOULIMY. Gr. Bovλpia, from Be (Bovç) and Xuoc, hunger. Excessive hunger; inordinate appetite.

It stretches out his desires into an excessive boulimy. Scott. Sermon (1687). Works, ii. 75 (in Todd).

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The braunches that burgonneth of hem.

Piers Plouhman, v. 9752. Y seit that a vyne bifore me, in the which weren thre siouns, wexed litil and litil, into buriounnyngis. (E. V. clustris, propagines.)- Wic. Gen. xl. 10.

The buriounyng (L. V. seed, germen) of his hous shal ben opened.-Id. Job xx. 28.

Lo how the seson of the yere, and Averell shoures, Doeth the bushis burgyn out blossoms and floures. Chaucer. Pard. and Tap. v. 691.

BOURN.

(I) wente me to reste Under a brood bank

By a bournes syde.-Piers Plouhman, v. 16.

BOW.

His arwes drouped not with fetheres lowe,
And in his hond he bare a mighty bowe.
Chaucer. Prol. v. 108.

BOWER.

Ju. O Nature! what hadst thou to do in hell, When thou did'st bower the spirit of a fiend La mortall paradise of such sweet flesh. Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet, fo. 66, act iii. sc. 1.

BOWLINE,

BRA

Vox nautica, from the Fr. BoBo'ULINE, or line, Bouline. Rudens quidam in

BO'LINE. Snavi. Skinner, Dan. Bovline. Fr. Bouline, perhaps, from boule, globus, from its round form. (Minshew.)

A tack or cord in a ship, with which mariners use to draw the sail, which way they list, that they may thereby gather the wind.

The ship no longer can her top-sails bear;
No hopes of milder weather now appear:
Bow-lines and halyards are cast off again:
Clue lines haul'd down, and sheets let fly amain.
Falconer. Shipwreck, c. 2.

BOX. A Christmas Bor: originally, a gratuity put into the Box, which the London apprentices carried to receive donations at Christmas.

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And blowe it so,
That through the world her fame may go.
Full gladly, Lady myne? he said,
And out his trumpe of gold he braied
Anone; and set it to his mouthe.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. iii. v. 588.
He hadden him bent (his bowe) anone right,
And he full sonè set an ende,
And at a braide he gan it bende.

Id. Rom. of the Rose, v. 1336. Used metaphorically by Sandys. Hebe-who states the prime

BRAIL, v.

Of youth, and brailes the wings of time.

BRAIN, v.

Sandys. Ovid. Urania to the Queene.

He that offrith an oxe, is as he that sleeth a man, he that sleeth a scheep is as he that brayneth a dogge (excerebret).- Wic. Is. Ixvi. 3.

BRAKE.

The rough brake

That virtue must go thro'.

Shakespeare. King Henry VIII. act i. sc. 2. This man begun with wondrous art to make, Not rammes, not mighty brakes, not slings alone, Wherewith the firme and solid walls to shake, To cast a dart, or throw a shaft or stone.

Fairefar. Godfrey of Bulloigne, xviii. 43. (A man should so deliver himself) as to redeem arts from their rough and brakey seats, where they lay hid and overgrown with thorns, to a pure, open, and flowery light. Ben Jonson. Discoveries. Perspicuitas. BRAME. See BREME. It. Bramare, in Me

nage.

BRANCH.

And thei maden to hem ymagis in all heeze hill, and undir al braunchy treen. (L. V. tre ful of bouis, lignum nemorosum.)- Wic. 4 Kings xvii. 10.

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