CRA

couenablete (opportunitatem observabat) in whiche he shulde perfourm the mauudement.-Id. 2 Mac. xiv. 29.

Of whiche wayes (that leden folk to our Lord Jesu Crist and to the regne of glory) ther is a ful noble way, and wel covenable, .... and this way is cleped Penance. Chaucer Persones Tale.

COVER. In our old writers, Kyuere. Couere, or Kever, as used by Robert of Gloucester (see in v. Wound), Piers Plouhman, Wiclif, Chaucer, and Gower,-equivalent to Recover.

Covered field. See Quotation from Milton in v. Soldan.

Piers Plouhman, v. 7782.

(This) coverith hym fro wanhope. Ypocrisie hath hurt hem

Ful hard is if thei kevere.-Id. v. 14594. For he (Maradoc) had herde that he (Ezechie) had be sic, and was coouered. (L. V. rekyuerid, convaluisset.) Wic. Is. xxxix. 1. And thou hast goue to me the kyueryng of thin helthe (E. V. proteccion, protectionem salutis tuæ), and thin rit hond hath vptake me.-Id. Ps. xvii. 36.

And he made the couertour of the tabernacle of skynnes of wethers maad reed. (L. V. hilyng, opertorium.) Id. Ex. xxxvi. 19. And whanne the tother day was commen, he toke an couerlyte (L. V. cloth on the bed, stragulum) and helte in with watir and spradde upon his face.

Id. 4 Kings viii. 15. And some, thou saidest, had a blaunche fevere, And praidest God they should never kevere. Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, i. 917.

COVET.

It is impossible to deny to him (Dr. Reid) the more covetable glory, that his efforts, even when he erred speculatively, had always in view the primary and essential interests of religion and morality.

Dr. Brown. Philosophy of the Mind, Lect. xxv. COW. Add-The A. S. Ceow-an, D. and Ger. Kaw-en, to chaw or chew, qv. (the cud)—present a more specious etymology.

Kepe kyen in the feld.-Piers Plouhman, v. 4076.
COWARD.

Cowardly thow, Conscience,
Counseilledest hym thennes.-Piers Plouhman, v. 1768.

COWER, v. See in Cotgrave. Fr. Couver; to brood, sit on, or cower over.

Couvoir. A hen's nest, the place where she sits her eggs.

Boult. But, mistress, do you know the French knight, that cowers i'the hams. Shakespeare. Pericles, act iv. sc. 3. I do shame To think of what a noble strain you are, And of how coward (al, cow'd, qv.) a spirit.

Dion.

Id. Ib. act iv. sc. iv. Are formed from Go. Greip-an, to Sgripe, to grasp-by the common change of g and p, into their cognates, c and b.

CRAB, and CRIB.

CRE

rance under, as your old friends the Epicureans are wont to call them.-Goodman. Winter Ev. Conf. p. 3.

CRANE.

Ger. Kran. Machina rostrata, in

CREST.

CRO

CRANK.

Haste thee, Nymph, and bring with thee
Jest and youthful Jollity,

Quips and Cranks, and wanton wiles,
Nods and becks and wreathed smiles,
Such as hang on Hebes cheek,

And love to live in dimple sleek.-Milton. L'Allegro.
CRASH.

I will crashe you in sonder, lyke as a wayne crassheth, that is full of sheaves. (See Wic. in v. Chark.)

CRATCH, i. e. Scratch. Clerkes wite the sothe,

That al the clergie under Crist Ne myghte me cracche fro helle,

Bible, 1549. Amos ii.

But oonlich, &c.-Piers Plouhman, v. 6066.
Clooth that cometh fro the weuyng

Is notht comly to were,...
Til wasshen wel with water

And with taseles cracched.-ld. v. 10532.

CRATER, s. Lat. Crater; Gr. краrno. Applied to the bowl or cup surrounding the mouth of a volcano, and including the mouth itself.

Sometimes, as the wind changed, the smoke grew thinner, discovering a very ruddy flame, and the jaws of the pan or crater, streaked with red and several shades of yellow.Bishop Berkeley. Works, i. xxxviii. To Dr. Arbuthnot, April 17, 1717.

One thing I can venture to say, that I saw the fluid matter rise out of the centre of the bottom of the crater, out of the very middle of the mountain.

CRAW.

From same to same. Ib.

And greet hungur was in Samaria, and the fourth part of a mesure clepid cabus of the crawe of culueris was seeld for fynes platis of siluer.- Wic. 4 Kings vi. 25. CRAZE.

And he schal entre into chinnis, ethir crasyngis (E. V. creuissis, scissuras) of stoonys and into the caues of hard roochis fro the face of the inward drede of the Lord. Wic. Is. ii. 21. CREANCE-is-faith, trust. Creancer, is-a believer, a teacher of faith, or belief; Generally, A teacher or tutor; also a Creditor, one who trusts. Udal.

And lo! the creaunser (creditor), that is to whom the dette is owid, cometh to take my two sones to serue hym. Wic. 4 Kings iv. 1. Also they haue mynde of the names of their creancers to whom they owe.-The Boke of Tulle of Old Age, c. 42.

CREASE, i. e. Encrease, qv.

CREATE. In the Wiclif Bible, 2 Mac. xiii. 4, Deus Mundi Creator is rendered "Maker of Nought of the world," that is, ex nihilo, out of nought. Creatour weex (became) creature

To knowe what was bothe.-Piers Plouhman, v. 11240.
What kynnes thyng is Kynde, quod I.
Kanstow me telle.

Kynde, quod Wit, is a Creatour

Of alle kynnes thynges,

Fader and formour

Of al that evere was makere;

And that is the grete God
That gynnyng
had nevere.

CREAUNT.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 5204. See CREDENT. CREED. See MIS-CREANT. The thef that had grace of God Was for he yald hym creaunt to Crist on the cros. Piers Plouhman, v. 7810. CRENATE. CRENELLATED. Fr. Creneller. To notch; to indent.

The cells are prettily crenated or notched round the edges.- Woodward.

Soon the fires

Flame on the summit of the circling forts,
Which with their moats and crenellated walls
Included Orleans.-Southey. Joan of Arc, b. vi. v. 427.
CRENCLE. See CRINKLE.
CREPIL. See CRIPPLE.
CRESE. See INCREASE.

CREVICE. Wiclif renders Crasyngs, Chines, and Creuassis from the same Latin words. See Craze and Chine. Confirming the etymology assigned to Chine.

CRIME. Spenser writes, "The tree of life, the crime of our first father's fall." And in Paradise Lost, ix. 635, the tree of prohibition is called root of all our woe. In b. iv. 222, our death the tree of knowledge.

That country life I hated as a crime.

Fairefar. Godfrey of Bulloigne, vii. 12.

O heav'n! in evil strait this day I stand
Before my judge, either to undergo
Myself the total crime, or to accuse
My other self, the partner of my life.

Crock or Crook-was also the name given to a disease that contracts or crooks—a spasm.-Skinner. Also to the short under hair in the neck.-Brocket. Crockets (in Gower [see in v. Chaplet] Croked) or Crochets are locks of hair; Skinner and Speght— They are Crooks or curls.

Paine thee not eche croked to redresse,
In trust of her that turneth as a ball;
Great rest standeth in little businesse;
Beware also to spurne again a nall;
Striue not as doth a crock with a wall;
Deme thy self-that demeth others dede,
And trouth thee shall deliuer-it is no drede.

CROCK.

Good Counsaile of Chaucer. Speght, to. 336.

(Men) caste for to kepe a crokke

To save the fatte aboue.-Piers Plouhman, v. 13516. Thou shalt as a vessel of a crokere (L. V. pottere, figuli) breke them togidere.- Wic. Ps. ii. 9; also Wisd. xv. 7.

The time was wherein wit would worke like waxe, and crocke up gold like honey.-Lily. Mother Bombie, iii. 2. CROCODILE.

Thes forsothe among polutid thinges shulen be holde, of hem that ben meued in erthe, a wesil, and a mouse, and a cokedrille (L. V. cocodrille) eche after his kynde. Wic. Lev. xi. 29.

DARE, v. or cause to do so. DARN.

And he, gon (L. V. 3ede) into a hows wolde no man wite, and he might not dare, or be priuy. (L. V. be hid, latere.) Wic. Mark vii. 24. Sothli and the kyng, to whom I speke stedefastli, woot of these thingis; sothli I deme no thing of thes for to dare him or unknowe. (L. V. is hid, latere.)-Id. Luke xxvi. 26. Sotheli it daarith (L. V. is hid, latet) hem willinge this thing, that heuenes weren bifore, and the Erthe. Id. 2 Pet. iii. 5. Forsothe te moost dere, oo thing daare you not, or be not unknowun (L. V. be not hid, non lateat) for oo day anentis God (is) as a thousynd peeres.-ld. Ib. v. 8.

As the worme or serpent under floures
Darith ful ofte and kepith him covertly.

Lyfe of our Ladye. Caxton, k, 5.
Right so thou serpent ful of inyquyte
Under fayr colour of humylite
Thy venim darith, and also thy falseness.-Id. Ib.
DARE, v.

Audere.

We mowen not goon; if oure leeste brother schal descende with us, we schulen go to-gidrees; elles, hym absent, we dorun not se the face of the Lord (audemus). Wic. Gen. xliv. 26.

DARK.

Al to-derkned is the Sunne (L. V. maad derke, obtenebratus est) in his rising, and the moone shal not schyne in his list.- Wic. Is. xiii. 10.

The erthe forsothe was veyn with ynne and void, and derknessis (tenebræ) weren upon the face of the see. Id. Gen. i. 2.

DART. To set up the Dart, sc. as a prize to be won in a race.

The dart is sette up for virginitee,
Catch who so may, who renneth best let see.
Chaucer. Wif of Bathes Prol. 5657.

DASTARD.

And if you put him to the torture, will he,
Will he, that dastardling, have strength enough?
Coleridge. Piccolomini, pt. i. act iv. sc. 3.

DAUB. Whether it shal not be seid to you, Wher is the dawbynge that ye dawbiden? (litura, quam linistis.) See Pargel MS. Wic. Ez. xiii. 12. Shal it not be sayde unto you: Where is now the morter, that ye daubed it with all?-Bib. 1549. Ib.

And Y shalle fulfille myn indignacioun in the wal, and in hem that dauben it without temperynge; and Y shal seye to you, The wal is not, and the prophetes of Israel that dauben it, ben not.-Id. Ib. v. 15.

DAUGHTER.

By husbondry of swiche (things) as God hire sente,
She found hirselfe, and eke hire doughtren two.

Chaucer. Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 14835. DAUNT. See Piers Plouhman, in v. Crop, supra. Also to tame (by gentle means); to quiet or tranquillize, to soothe.

Forsothe noon of men mai daunte, or chastite the tunge (domare); sotheli it is an unquiet or unpesible yuel thing. Wic. James iii. 8. To the tetes yee shul be born, and up on the knes men shal daunte you. What maner if to whom (si cui) a moder daunte, so I shal coumforte you. (L. V. speke plesauntly, faire, blandientur, blandiatur.)-Id. Is. lxvi. 12, 13.

DAW. A silly bird; a silly fellow, &c. Skelton.
DAWE, i. e. DAY.

And so it was by thilke dawe.-Gower, b. 8, fo. 174.
DAY, s.

And God san; list that it was good, and denyded list fro derknessis; and clepide list day, and derknessis nitt. Wic. Gen. i. 1.

DAY, v. See DAYESMAN. DAY, s. is used to denote some particular Day: as Day for payment; day of death, &c. And to-day (Jewell) is as the Dutch, Daghen; Ger. Tagen; to appoint a day for trial; to put on, bring to trial.

Lene me a marke, quod he, for dayes three,
And, at my day, I wol it quiten thee.

Chaucer. Chan. Yem. Tale, v. 16495.

DEB

Thus deled hath the gode knighte
His londe be his dai,

Right upon his dethes bedde
So sike there as he lay.

Id. Cokes Tale of Gamelyn, v. 130.

i. e. The gode knight divided his land among his sons," be his dai," by his day, sc. of death.

M. Harding would have had us put God's word to daying, and none otherwise to be obedient to Christ's commandment, than if a few bishops gathered at Trident shall allow it.--Jewell. Rep. to Harding. Jelf, ii. 424.

Day-mair dreams.-Coleridge. Biog. Lit. ii. 377. DAZE. See DASH. To confound, or confuse; to dim, to obscure.

Moyses of an hundrid and twenty peeris was whanne he diede; the eye of hym daswed (L. V. dasewide, caligavit) not, ne the teeth of hym ben meued.- Wic. Deut. xxxiv. 7. Daswen shal not (non caligabunt) the eyen of men seende, and the eeris of men heerende bisily shul herknen. Id. Is. xxxii. 3. Thine eyes shall se and dase upon them all day long. (M. V. fail with longing for.)-Deut. xxviii. Bib. 1549. DEACON. DEACONHOOD.

A man was a dekene dwelling in the side of the hil of Effraym, whiche dekene took a wijf of Bethleem of Juda. (E. V. Leuite, Levites.)- Wic. Judg. xix. 1.

Tymothe the Apostle enfourmeth and techith of the ordynaunce of byschophood and of the dekenehood. Id. 1 Tim. Prol. P. 453. DEAD. In the dead of the night,-depth; when the stillness is greatest, the middle; so of feasting, the midst.

And so astonied and asweved
Was every virtue in my heved,
That al my felinge gan to ded.

Chaucer. House of Fame, ii. 44.
It behoveth by necessitie that al men be mortal or deadly.
Id. Boec. b. v. pr. 6.
What should I more seine?
In him lieth all, to doe me live or deine.
Id. Legende of Dido, v. 1181.
But they in abstinence pray and wake,
Lest that they deiden.-Id. Sompn. Tale, 7483.
Inf. I'm well.
Duke. Thou wert not so e'en now. Sickness's pale hand
Laid hold on thee even in the deadst of fasting.
Dekkar. Honest Whore, i. 3.

O'er his wither'd countenance
Deathy and damp a whiter paleness spread.

Liban is debroken on him (L. V. was sori, contristatus est), and alle trees of the feelde been smyten togidre. Wic. Ez. xxxi. 15. And the unclene goost debreykynge him. (L. V. debreydynge, qv. discerpens.)-Id. Mark i. 26.

DEBRISE, i. e. Debruise. To bruise to pieces. And in Taphnis the dai shal wexe blac, when I shal debrisse there the ceptris of Egipt. (L. V. al to-breke, contriuero.)- Wic. Ez. xxx. 18.

The rewme in party shal be sad (solidum), and in party debrusid.-Id. Dan. ii. 42.

DEBT.

To whom ony thing is dettid, ethir owid of his freend, ether neizbore, and brother, he schal not mowe axe, for it is the yeer of remyssioun to the Lord.- Wic. Deut. xv. 2. Like as (O Capitaine) this farre seeing art Of lingring vertue best beseemeth you, So vigour of the hand and of the hart Of us is lookt as debet by us dew.-Godfrey of Bulloigne, cant. v. st. 6. By R. C. Esq. 1594. (Tooke.) DECADENCE.

I conceive the principal cause of its decadence, to have proceeded from that little esteem which it preserved during the ignorance and barbarity of the lower ages. Evelyn. Of the Period of Painting. Even painting itself, whose diminution and decadency we so much deplore, was happily never in higher esteem amongst us, nor more sought after than it is at present. Id. Ib. Preface. DECEIVE, i. e. Delude. In Spenser, -Elude, escape; and in Bacon (see in Dictionary), literally, to take away from.

But ah! who can deceive her destiny,
Or weene by warning to auoyd his fate?

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. 3, c. iv. st. 27. DECEPTION. See DECEIVE.

A deathiness
Came over her.-Id. Madoc, § 3.
Look! it burns clear, but with air ardent
Its dead ingredients mingle deathiness.

Id. Thalaba, v. § 27. DEAF, ad. And so the Lat. Surdus is used in Persius, 1. 6, v. 35. Seu spirent cinnama surdum. Whether the cinnamon breathe its scent deafly, i. e. feebly, dully. And Pliny, Color surdus, The dull colour (of the beryl). Nat. Hist. 1. 37, c. 5. (20). And Horace, exsurdare palatum, to dull or deaden the palate, 1. ii. sat. 8, v. 38.

And so shal be doo, that whan the jubile, that is the fiftithe yeer of remyssion, come, be confoundid the delyngis of Lottis (L. V. departyng, distributio) and other mennus possessioun passe to othir.- Wic. Num. xxxvi, 4. So thus he departed and let the remnant deale (divide, separate).-Berners' Froissart, i. 288.

DEAN, DENE. See DEN. Ordeyne thou of them tribunes, and centuriouns, and quinquagenaries, and deenys. (E. V. Rewlers upon ten, decanos.)- Wic. Ex. xviii. 21.

DEAR.

And I shall sende you myselve
Seint Michel myn archangel,
That no devel shall you dere,
Ne fere you in your deying.
Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 4531.
No dynt shal hym dere.-Id. Ib. v. 12124.
DEARLING. See DARLING.
DEATH. See DEAD.
DEBATE.

So tickle be the tearmes of mortall state,
And full of subtle sophismes, which doe play
With double senses and with false debate,
T'approve the vnknowne purpose of eternall fate.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. 3, c. iv. st. 28.

Physicians know that many are mad but in a single depraved imagination, and one prevalent decipiency, Browne. Letter to a Friend.

DECISION. See DECIDE.
DECK.

Thou didst smile,
Infused with a fortitude from Heaven
When I have deck'd the sea with drops full salt.
Shakespeare. Tempest, act i. sc. 2.

DECLINE. That which is a common fault of age, loquacity, is a plain evidence of the world's declinedness.

Bp. Hall. Select Thoughts. 68. The aspirant dealt with all imaginable kindness and candour to the declinant (of the Great Seal).

DECOPED.

North. Life of North, ii. 64.
Fr. Decouper; to cut down, off,

away.
And shode he was with great maistrie,
With shone decoped, and with lace.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 843.

DECRETAL, &c. See DECREE.
DEDUCE.
DEDUIT.

Fr. Se Deduire. To withdraw himself, sc. To retire for amusement, pleasure, &c. Deduction (in Logic) is contradistinguished from Induction (qv. And see Synthesis). Deduction assumes as a premiss a general proposition (established by prior induction), and infers one less general-or it descends from universals to generals, from generals to particulars, and from causes to effects.

Upon his hond he bare, for his deduit (diversion),
An egle tame, as any lily whit.

DEED, n.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2179.

Men ensaumple might take

Upon the dedes which he dede.-Gower, b. i. fo. 21.

DEEM. See DISME; and the quotations from Froissart and Grafton.

For the word of God is quyk, and spedi in worching,...

DEFAME, v. The Lat. Diffamare is used by later writers merely as-to spread a fame or report; and so the Eng. Diffame and Defame, by Wic.

And he, gon out, biganne to preche and diffame or puplische (diffamare) the word.- Wic. Mark i. 45.

See jee that no man wite. But thei goijnge out defameden (L. V. diffameden) hym throws al that londe. Id. Matt. ix. 31.

DEFAULT. Thou askist, that we zeuen to the men, that ben wery and hau defautid, looues (defecerunt).

Wic. Judg. viii. 15. (defauten, v. 5.) The enemys of hem suffryden peynes fro the defauting of ther drine. (L. V. defaute, defectione.)-Id. Wis. xi. 5.

DEFEATURE, i. e. Disfeature. Loss or want of good feature. Shakes. Venus and Adonis, in Dictionary.

And thei ben oppressed greetli of hem, and thei maden to hem caanes, and spelunkis in hillis (L. V. dennes, speluncas), and moost defensable placis (munitissima. L.V. strongeste).-Id. Judg. vi. 2.

That herdist in Syna dom, and in Oreb domes of defension. (L. V. defence, defensionis.)-Id. Ecclus. xlviii. 7. For while that Adam fasted, as I rede, He was in Paradis, and whan that he Ete of the fruit defended on a tree, Anon he was out cast to wo and peine.

Chaucer. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12442. These were not fruits forbidden, no interdict Defends the touching of these viands pure.

Id. Rom. of the Rose, v. 2370. Thou accusest me by cause that I defend to paye the trewage.-The Golden Legend, fo. 14, c. 3.

Anone they were ready to defend (resist) their enemyes.
Berners Froissart, i. 396.
He (Percy) shall be well defended (resisted).
Id. Ib. ii. 394.
Then he sent to eche of them, and by expresse words
defended (forbade) them in any wise to pay any raunsome.
Id. Ib. i. 323.

Oh sons! like one of us man is become
To know both good and evil, since his taste
Of that defended fruit.-Milton. Par. L. xi. 86.
DEFER.

(This God is a strong God) zeeldynge anoon to hem that haten hym, so that he scater hem, and ferther differre (differat) not; anoon želdynge to hem that thei deseruen. Wic. Deut. vii. 10.

Sothli Felix deferride hem (L. V. delayede, distulit); seiynge, Whanne Lisias, the Tribune, schal come, I schal here you. Id. Deedes xxiv. 22.

DEFIGURE, i. e. Disfigure.

Like a wise, discreet and circumspect prelate, ye should have examined (as other since,) such sad and credible persons as were present at her (the Maid of Kent's) trances, and diffigurings, &c.

Cromwell to Fisher. Burnet, Records, v. i. p. 4, N. 124. DEFILE.

(Shal nevere) fend ne fals man

Defoulen it in thi lyue.-Piers Plouhman, v. 8949.
DEFINE.

And the diffyning (definitio) or certeyntee therof (the auter) vnto the lippe, or brinke, therof in cumpas, o palme or hond.- Wic. Ez. xliii. 13.

He shal be dressid (dirigetur), til wrathe be fulfillid. Forsothe diffinition, or dome, is fully don. (L. V. determining, definitio.)-Id. Dan. xi. 36.

DEFORM.

And loo thes folweden (other seuene oxen, in as myche defourme (L. V. foule, deformes) and leene, that neuer siche in the loond of Egipt, I saw.- Wic. Gen. xli. 19.

DEL

DEFOUL. See DEFILE.

DEFY or DISfy, v. Fr. Deffaire, or Desfaire. To defeat; to undo; let or cast out; to dissolve; to digest. See Defeasance.

Shal nevere fyssh on Fryday,

Defyen in my wombe.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 3252. Hony is yvel to defye.-Id. 1b. v. 9730. And the defied out, thou schalt couer with erthe (egesta). Wic. Deut. xxiii. 13. Defy a litil wist the wyn, bi the which thou art dronken (digere).-Id. 1 Kings i. 14.

Whanne Nabal had defied (digessisset) the wyn, his wijf shewide to him thes wordis.-Id. Ib. xxv. 37.

DEFY, v. See AFFY.

Mylde men and holye

Defyed alle falsnesse,

And folk that it usede.-Piers Plouhman, v. 14056. We defy him and all his (the Devil's) works.-Tyndale. Answer to Sir Thomas More, p. 38. (Parker Soc. Ed.) Thus given and taken was the bold defie. Fairefar. Godfrey of Bulloigne, xix. 6. At this the challenger with fierce defy His trumpet sounds.-Dryden. Pal. and Arcite, b. 3. This defial is not a Gothic and misplac'd idea. Iph. in Tauris. (Goethe) n. p. 129.

DEIFY, v.

The grete statue long on hit were pryme
Of Romulus that was deyfyed,

Fel to the erthe.-Lyfe of our Ladye, h. i?
DEIGN.

Now forsothe scorne me the jungere in time, of whom I deynede not (non dignabar) the fadris to sitte with the hondis of my floc.- Wic. Job xxx. 1.

DEIS. See DAIS.

DEISM. See DEIFY.
DEJECT.

How would one look from his majestic brow,
Seated as on the top of Virtue's hill,
Discount'nance her, despised and put to rout
All her array, her female pride deject,

Or turn to reverent awe.-Milton. Par. L. ii. 219.
DELATE.

The name and office of delator is odious to me. Ellesmere to Elizabeth. Campbell. Chancellors, ii. 207. DELAY, v. Fr. Delayer; Lat. Diluere. See the quotations from Fox, Spenser, and Holland, in Dictionary. To dilute; to weaken; met. to allay; to alleviate; to soften.

DELIBER.

Now therfor delyuere thou, ether auyse thou (delibera) and se, what word I schal answere to hym that sente me. Wic. 2 Kings xxiv. 13.

DELICACY.

My delicatis, or nurshid in delicis (L. V. delicat men, delicati) walkiden sharp weies; sotheli thei weren led as a floc rauyshide with enmyes.-Wic. Bar. iv. 26.

DELIE, ad. Fr. Delie, thin, fine, De-lier; Low Lat. Dis-ligare, solvere. Menage. Du Cange. Her clothes wer maked of right delie thredes (tenuissimis filis).-Chaucer. Boecius, b. i. pr. 1.

DELIGHT. The critics and commentators do not agree in their interpretation of delighted in the following quotations from Shakespeare. Some say delightful, full of, filled with, delights. Some now, delighted; others, lighted or lightened of all that is gross. The expression in Drayton illustrates the Poet's meaning: "The most deliticious maid, with all delights adorned."

(Lot) delited hym in drynke

As the devel wolde.-Piers Plouhman, v. 516.

Thou shalt fulfille me therto in gladnesse with thi chere, delitingus (L. V. delityngis, delectationes) (ben) in thi riztt honde vnto the ende.- Wic. Ps. xv. 10.

Jup. Be not with mortall accidents opprest,
No care of yours it is, you know 'tis ours;
Whom best I loue, I crosse; to make my gift
The more delayed, delighted.

Shakespeare. Cymbeline, act v. sc. 4.
And, noble Signior,

If vertue no delighted beautie lacke,
Your son-in-law is farre more faire than blacke.

Clau. I (aye) but to die.

DEN

DELINQUENT, s. A word (as in Hume) introduced in the Dissentions between Charles and his

Parliament; but is of constant occurrence as a word long endenized in Nath. Bacon's Historical Discourse, an. 1647. It is also used by Wats.

In these differences of inward parts, there are often found the causes continent of inward diseases, which physitians not observing do sometime accuse the humors not delinquent (minime delinquentes), the fault being in the very mechanique frame of some part.

Wats. Bacon. Advancement of Learning, b. iv. c. 2. During the late military operations, several powers had been exercised by the lieutenants and deputy-lieutenants of counties: and these powers, though necessary for the defence of the nation, and even warranted by all former precedent, yet not being authorized by statute, were now voted to be illegal; and the persons, who had assumed them, declared delinquents. Hume. History of England. An. 1640. DELITESCENCY. Fr. Delitescence; Lat. Delitescens, delitescere. To lie hid; to lie concealed. The mental organization of the novelist must be characterized, to speak craniologically, by an extraordinary development of the passion for delitescency. Scott. General Preface to Waverley Novels.

DELIVER. With a leperesse, or tumbler (saltatrice) be thou not besy, ne here hir; lest par auenture thou pershe in the delyuere doyng of hir. (L. V. spedi werk, efficacia.) Wic. Ecclus. ix. 4.

DELVE.

And thei auen that monei to the crafti men, and masouns, for to bie stoonys hewid out of the delues other quarreeis (de lapidicinis).- Wic. 2 Par. xxxiv. 11. Allas! quod Haukyn, the actif man tho, That after my cristendom

I ne hadde be deed and dolven (buried)

For Do-welis sake.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 9563. Dykeres and delveres

Digged up the balkes.-Id. Ib. v. 4010.

DELUGE. See DILUTE.

The which dignitees and powers, if they comen to any wicked manne, they doen as grete damages and destruccions, as doeth the flambe of the mountaigne of Ethna, whe ye flambe waloweth up, ne no deluuyg ne doth so cruel harms.-Chaucer. Boecius, 1. ii. pr. 6.

DEME. See DEEM.
DEMEAN.

They enioyed and demened grete feste.

The Golden Legend, fo. 21, c. 2. Thenne Sathan prynce and demener of deth, said to helle, Make you redy to receive Jhesu which gloryfyeth hymself to saye, I am the sone of God-and he is man that died the deth, for he said my soule is sorrowful unto the deth. ld. Ib.

DEMI-REP, s. Swift, in his Introduction to Polite Conversation, mentions among the new abbreviations" exquisitely refined," Rep for reputation; A Rep, one of no reputation; Demi-rep, one with only half a reputation; or good character.-Works,

ii. 99.

This sensible warme motion, to become

A kneaded clod; and the delighted spirit
To bath in fierie floods, or to reside
In thrilling regions of thick ribbed ice.

Id. b. act iii. sc. 1.

And thei weren oppressid of hem greetlij, and thei maden dichis and dennes to hem silf in hillis (speluncas. Seo Defensable).- Wic, Judg. vi. 2.

DER

DENATIONALIZE, v. Fr. Denationalizer. To take away or deprive of nationality; of the national character, rights, privileges, &c. (A new word. See DEMORALIZE.)

To take away, to strip DENATURALIZE, v. or divest of the nature, or natural feelings. A new word. See DEMORALIZE.

If conscience be indeed the superior faculty of our natare, then, every time it is cast down from this preeminence, there must be a sensation of painful dissonance; and the whole man feels out of sorts, as one unhinged or denaturalized.-Chalmers. Constitution of Man, ch. ii.

DENOUNCE. The Angel denounces (i. e. pronounces, proclaims) their banishment.

Hast thee, and from the Paradise of God
Without remorse drive out the sinful pair,
From hallowd ground th' unholie, and denounce

To them and to thir progenie from thence
Perpetual banishment.-Milton. Par. L. b. xi. v. 105.
DENT.

Forsothe twei dentyngis (E. V. rabitis, incastatura) schal be in the sidis of a table, by which a table shal be joyned to another table.- Wic. Er. xxvi. 17.

Then shalt thow se an entre by the ferther side;
Though it be streyte tofore, inner large and wide
It groweth more and more, and as a dentour wryeth.
Chaucer. Beryn, v. 2057.

DENUMBER. Who knew the power of thi wrathe? and for thi drede thi wrathe denoumbren. (L. V. noumbre, dinumerare.) Wic. Psalm lxxxix. 11. Mr. Tyrwhitt thinks from Fr. DENWERE, s. Denouer, to untie a knot. Skinner interprets,-doubt. And for comers hereafter shullen fully out of denwere all the sooth know of these thinges in acte, but as they werne, I haue put it in Scripture in perpetual remembrance of true meaning.-Chaucer. Test. of Loue, b. i.

And thei token not the drede of the Lord, nether assentiden to my councel, and depraueden at myn amendyng. (E. V. bacbitiden, detraxerint.)-Wic. Prov. i. 30; and see Dionisme.

DEPROSTRATE. See PROSTRATE.

How may weak mortal ever hope to file
His unsmooth tongue, and his deprostrate style?

G. Fletcher. Christ's Victory and Triumph, st. 43. DEPUTE.

(The Apostil) counceileth to onhed, and shewith neithir | thurs his ristfulnesse have this deserued, but al what euer 299. to be depute to the grace of God.- Wic. Rom. Prol. The most conspicuous places in cities are usually deputed for the erection of statues, &c. Barrow, v. i. p. 94, Sermon 1. DERACINATE. Fr. Desraciner, to deracinate, root out, or pluck up by the roots. Cotgrave. DERIVE.

Two streames of teares were from his eyes derived. Fairefar. Godfrey of Bulloigne, xii. 96. Education only transmits opinions which must have derived originally from some other source.-Tucker. Law of Nature, pt. iii. c. 21, § 33. Christian Scheme

DES

The fleet passed from the Euphrates into an artificial derivation of that river, which pours a copious and navigable stream into the Tigris.-Gibbon, c. xxiv.

DERK. See DARK. DESCANT.

Gordon. Tacitus, Hist. b. v.

These were the discantings of the people.
DESERVE.

Eche creature forsothe to his kinde fro the bigynnyng was aeen figured, deseruende (deserviens) to thin hestes, that thi childer schulden be kepte unhurt. Wic. Wis. xix. 6. Forsothe nyle ye forțete of wel doynge or gyuynge and of comunyng; forsoth by such oostis God is disseruyd (promeretur).-Id. Heb. xiii. 16.

Whereof we shall thanke you, and deserve it to you and yours.-Berners' Froissart, ii. 638. i. e. do or return service for it.

DE-SHADOWED. See DIS-SHADOWED.
DESIDIOUSNESS.

But great men grew to (too) great in their own esteem for the service of their country, betaking themselves to serve themselves. This desidiousness of the greater sort made one step further to the full perfection of that inanner of trial, both of the persons and estates of the English, which hath been the envy of other nations, and is called trial be pares, or by peers. 93.

.

N. Bacon. Historical Discourse, c. xxxviii. DESIGNING, adj. Is usually applied where some ill intent is presumed.

DEW

DE-SYNONOMIZE. See Coleridge, Biog. Lit. i. 80. Mr. Trench seems to admire this word; he calls the process of desynonymizing, that of gradually coming to discriminate in use between words which have hitherto been accounted perfectly equivalent, and, as such, indifferently employed. On the Study Lec. v. of Words.

DETACH, v.

Sp. Des-taccar.

Fr. De-tacher; It. Dis-taccare ;

DETASTE. See TASTE, DISTASTE.

Ah! this blind guide made numbers walk astrayBy dreams and fables forcing them to fall Who now in darkness do detaste the day; And him (as chiefe) most tortur'd of them all. Stirling. Doomes-day, 7th Hour. DEVELOPE. Pope is the earliest authority yet produced for this word, now so obtrusively employed.

He found, in this retreat, where the connections even of nation and language were avoided, a perfect seclusion and retirement highly favourable to the developement of abstract subjects in which he excelled all the writers of his time.-Mackenzie. Mirror, No. 42, Story of La Roche.

DEVIL.

Ye forsothe wileth not heren zowre profetus, and deuynoures, and sweueneres, and brid deuyneres, and devel cleperes (maleficos. L. V. wicchis), that seyn to you, fee shul not serue to the King of Babilone. Wic. Jer. xxvii. 9. DEVISE. Also as we use advise-To admonish, instruct, direct, inform. At point devise-all points of his array wel devised.

Up rist this joly lover Absolon,
And him arayeth gay at point devise.

Chaucer. Milleres Tale, v. 3689.
Ther maist thou see devising of harneis
So uncouth and so riche, and wrought so wele,
Of Goldsmithrie.-Id. Knightes Tale, v. 2500.
And therto he was strong, and big of bones,
To don that any wight can him devise (direct).

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 1427. Our Lord Jesu, as holy writ deviseth (informs), Yave us ensample of fasting and praieres. Id. Sompnoures Tale, v. 7486. DEVOLVE. Add to the quotations:Which line of Ahiud falling in Joseph, as having no

DESPOIL.

younger line, viz. upon Mary, and consequently upon Jesus her son and legal heir.-South, vol. iii. Ser. 7.

Nay, the King, and also the people in general, might have gained by either a devolution or extinction of some payments, whereof the right discontinued but an hour were irrecoverably lost to the city. State Trials. The King and the City of London, an. 1682, n.

He hath by reservations, provisions, collations of vacancies apud sedem, resignations, devolutions, and other such tricks extremely encroached on the rights of all, to the infinite vexation, damage and mischief of Christendom.

Barrow. Of the Pope's Supremacy.

The education of youth of both sexes principally devolves upon the women, not only in their infancy, but during that period, in which the constitution both of body and mind. the temper and dispositions of the heart, are in a great measure formed.-Gregory. Comparative View.

Wherever there is a house, the stranger finds a welcome, and to the other evils of exterminating tacksmen, may be added the unavoidable cessation of hospitality, or the devo lution of too heavy a burden on the ministers. Johnson. Journey to the Western Islands.

DEVOUR. Thei sayn of ton, Thou art a devouresse (devoratrix) of men, and stranglinge thi folc.- Wic. Ez. xxxvi. 13.

DEW, v. In modern editions, written due; as if meaning endue, or endow. But this is the only instance given of due, used as a verb. This is the latest glorie of thy praise, That I, thy enemy, dew thee withall.

Shakespeare. Henry VI. Pt. 1. act iv. sc. 2.

DEW, 8. Deweth (L. V. send ye out deu, rorate) zee heuenus fro Wic. Isaiah xlv. 8. aboue, and cloudis reyne thei, the ritwis. Who is the fadir of reyn, and who gat dropis of deu (roris). Id. Job xxxviii. 28. Which (Chaucer) first made to distil and raine The gold dewie drops of speche and eloquence Into English tongue through his excellence. A Balade in praise, &c. of Maister Geffry Chaucer.