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OUT-TEND, v.

OWE

And in the unbileeueful fole of kinde wrathe shal ware ful out-tend. (L.V. brenne an hiz, exardescit.) Ecclus. xvi. 7.

OUT-TERRE, v.

How ofte sithis thei out-terreden hym in desert. (L. V. maden hym wrooth, exacerbaverunt.)—Ps. lxxvii. 40.`

OUT-THINKING, 8.

Not in to errour inladde us the out-thinking of the euele craft of men. (L. V. the thenkyng out, excogitatio.) Wisd. xv. 4.

OUT-BRAID; Burst forth.

The snake, that on his crest hot fire out-braide,
Was quite cut off.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Bulloigne, b. x. st. 1. OUT-CLEARANCE. Clearance out, (sc.) by paying custom-house dues, &c.

Cable. If you bring a good cargo of cash, you are welcome to anchor here as long as you list: But you will find the duties high at out-clearance.

Foote. Trip to Calais, act i. sc. 1. OUT-CORNER, s. Corner out of the way; re

mote.

They receyued for answere, that neither such an outcorner was frequented by many wayfarers, nor by hanging out signes nor by forestalling at the townes end, like the Italians, did they invite any.-Carew. Cornwall, fo. 66. OUT-LET, v. Du. Uitlaeten, emittere, to let forth. "But well-I see which way the world will go, And let it go," and so turns her about, Full with stout grief and with disdainful woe, Which now her words shut up, her looks out-let. Daniel. Civil War, b. vii.

OUT-RAGE. Skinner explains Outrage, a violent and extraordinary injustice, simply from the prep. Outre, qd. excess; the age being merely a productio vocis. (See APPANAGE for Age, ter.) Du Cange in v. Ultragium, says, Oultraige is everywhere used for "any excess in anything."

Right so maie no pitee areste

Of crueltee the great ultrage, Whiche the tyranne in his corage Engendred hath.-Gower. Conf. Am. b. vii. 1621. OUT-RANCE. See UTTERANCE. OUTRE-CUIDANCE. See Surquedry. OUT-RIGGER, s. A spar or piece of timber projecting beyond the sides of a ship for extending ropes, sails, or other temporary purposes.

One of their sages, named Maui, had in an inspired moment foretold, that in future ages a vaa ama ore, an outriggerless canoe, would come to their shores (Otaheite) from a distant land. An outrigger being indispensable to keep their barks upright in the water, they could not believe that a vessel without one could live at sea.

Circumnavigations of the Globe. (Wallis), c. vi.
To spring or flow out.

OUT-WELL, v.

His marble heart such soft impression tries,
That, midst his wrath, his manly teares outwell.
Fairefac. Godfrey of Bulloigne, b. ix. st. 86.

OUT-WIT.

And a liere in soule,

With in-wit and with out-wit, Ymagynen and studie

As best for his body be, &c.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 8609.

OWE, OUGHT. Written in Wiclif Awe, Awgte; Chaucer, in Troylus and Cressida, writes Aught.

I shal ordeyne to thee a place whidyr hym awe to flee. (L.V. owith, debeat.)- Wic. Ex. xxi. 13.

What is that I augte mor to do to my vyneyerde. (L.V. ougt.)-Id. Is. v. 4.

We fortene ignoraunces and synnes, til in to this day, and the crown that ze outen (debebatis).

Id. 1 Mac. xiii. 39.

If that the good man that the bestes oweth,
Wol every weke, er that the cok him croweth,
Fasting, ydrinken of this well a draught-
His bestes and his store shal multiplee.

Chaucer. Pardoneres Tale, v. 12295. By God, we owen fourty pounds for stones.

Id. Som. Tale, v. 7688. For, sothe to saine, he lost helde every wight, But if he were in Loves high service,

I mene folke that aught it ben of right.

PAL

O WHERE. Any where.

And if he found o where a good felawe,
He wolde techen him to have non awe,
In swiche a cas, of the Archdekens curse.

OX.

PAR

Of hym (shal be) a corner (angulus), of hym a litil pale (parillus), of hym bowe of batel.-Id. Zech. x. 4.

The English pale comprehendeth onlie four counties (Louth, Meath, Dublin, Kildare). To them the name of Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 655. pale was given, because that the authority and government of the Kings of England and the English colonies or plantations, which before had been spread over the whole land, now were reduced to so small a compass, and as it were impaled within the same boate. Ireland's Natural History, 1657, p. 7. While they lay at this siege, the King of England, upon pretence of the safety of the English pale about Calais, sent over the Lord Morley with 1000 men.

For he (Adonye) cam doun to day, and offride oxen (L. V. oris, boves), and fatte thingis, and wethers. Wic. 3 Kings i. 25.

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Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 10686. forsaken, the whiche never hadden knouleche of God, but zee forsothe ben jentilis, or paynymes, fro the bigynyng euere to deueles han serued.—Wic. Rom. Prol. p. 298. And if zee greten or saluten youre bretheren oonly, what more ouer shul see doen? Whether and paynymmys nat don this thing? (L. V. hethene men, ethnici. Id. Mat. v. 48. He (Paul) afermeth hem nedi to be confermed, the vices of her paynymrie rathere myndede.-Id. Rom. Prol. 300. PAGE.

And whanne Judi had radde thre litil pagens (pagellas) or foure, he kutte it with a scrapyng knyf of the scribe, and threz it into the fyr.- Wic. Jer. xxxvi. 23.

PAIN. Peine (of concupiscence) in Chaucer, Persones Tale, Mr. Tyrwhitt thinks is equivalent to desire. But Chaucer explains that by the peine of concupiscence, he means, the peine hight (called) concupiscence.

(L. V. penaunce, pœnitentia.)- Wic. Ecclus. v. 17. Forsothe up on a theef is confusion and peyne taking. Lord! as ye commanded

Up peine of deth, so have I don certain.

Chaucer. Man of Lawes Tale, v. 5304. Ther was a knight that loved and did his peine, To serve a ladie in his beste wise.

PAINT.

Id. The Frankeleines Tale, v. 11042.

And he made in the wallys cherubyns, and palmes, and diuerse peynturis (picturas), as stondinge and goynge out of the wal.-Wic. 3 Kings vi. 29. PAIR, v.

(She hath) peired holy church.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 1614. Whan thow shalt selle eny thing to thi cyteseyn, other bigge of hym, ne peire thou thi brothir (L. V. make thou not sory, ne contristas), but aftir the noumbre of the teeris of the iubilee, thou shalt bigge of hym, and aftir the noumbre of fruytis he shal selle to thee.-Wic. Lev. xxv. 14.

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The tonge of the soukynge childe cleued to his palat in thirste (ad palatum); litil children axiden breed, and noon was that brak to hem.- Wic. Lam. iv. 4. Glut not thyself with palative delights, nor revenge the contempt of temperance by the penalty of satiety. Browne. Christian Morals, pt. ii. § 1.

PALE, v. To pale, or empale; inclose. Pale, s. in which the English lived under their own laws,

Id. Troylus and Cressida, b. i. v. 1795. apart from the Irish. Skinner.

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PALE.

Bacon. Henry VII. Works, v. iii. p. 41, 4to.

He was as pale as a pelet,

In the palsy he semed.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 2629. And whanne he seeth in the wallis therof as litle valeis foule bi paleness (E. V. paalnes, pallore), ethir by reednesse, and lower than the tother hizere part, he schal go out at the dore of the hows, and anoon he schal close it bi seuene daies. Wic. Lev. xiv. 37.

PALIMPSEST, s. Lat. Palimpsestus.-Cic. Gr παλίμψηστος, οι παλιμψαιστος. From παλιν, again, and aɛiv, to rub. A parchment or paper, rubbed again, and thus prepared after the erasure of previous writing to be written on again. A commentary on the Psalms by St. Augustin has been found written on an erased Cicero, de Republica. See Encyclop. Metrop. in v. Manuscript.

PALL.

Mardoch schynede in Kingis clothis, berende a goldene coroun on the hed, and wrappid with a silken pal and purper. (L. V. mentil of silk, serico pallio.) Wic. Esth. viii. 15. For in her face alwey was the bloode Without palyng.-Lyfe of our Ladye, e. 6, c. 2. So turn'd the sun

His palen'd visage from the damned deed.

Taylor. Iph. in Tauris. PALM, v. As to palm off, on another. See quotation from Tatler, in v. Bubble.

PALMER, s.
Preye for the peple,
For pilgrymes and for palmeres.

PALPABLE.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 2683.

When a man essayes all kind of experiments without sequence or method, that is meere palpation (palpatio).

Wats. Bacon. Advancement of Learning, b. v. ch. 2. PALSY. See quotation from Chaucer, in v. Acomber, supra.

PAN. (Brain-pan.)

Pees put forth his heed,

And his panne blody.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 2233. PANARY, s. Lat. Panarium, a pantry, qv. Hinc (à pane). Panarium, ubi id (panem) servabant. -Varro de Lingua Latina, 1. 4.

In a word it (Scripture) is a panary of holesome food against fenowed traditions.

King James's Bible. Translator to the Reader. PANNIER, s.

And I seit a dreem, that Y hadde thre panyeris of mele on myn heed. (L. V. basketis, canistra.)

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PAR

describes two or three kinds of puns which he calls paragrams, among the beauties of good writing. Spectator, No. 61. PARAPHE. A word which has lately appeared in diplomatic papers. Fr. Parafe, or paraphe, from paragraphe; (Menage) is explained," The flourish or knot added to one's signature." It. and Sp. Parafo; Florio says, "a Paraffe or paragraffe;" Cotgrave adds, "Also a subsignature, or signing under;" and parapher, "to subsign; to write a sign

under."

The undersigned, after having paraphed it (Draft of Preliminaries) conformably to authorization received to that effect, have agreed that their Governments shall each nominate plenipotentiaries, who, &c. &c. Done at Vienna, this 1st day of February, 1856. (The five signatures.) Times, Feb. 6, 1856. PARAUNT. See PARENT and APPARENT. PARAVAIL.

By these (tenures) principally all degrees were united and made dependent-from the Lord Paramount to the tenant peravale.-N. Bacon. Hist. Disc. ch. lix. p. 183. PARBREAK. Piers Plouhman uses the simple verb (qv.) in this signification.

PARCENER.

Who withdrawith any thing fro his fader and moder, and seith that not to ben sinne, parcener is of a man sleere (particeps).-Wic. Prov. xxviii. 24.

PARCH. Wiclif writes our word Perish, persh, a nearer form to parch.

The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs th' effect of fire. Milton. Par. L. b. ii. v. 595.

PARE.

Forsothe (he schal comaunde that) hows to be parid (L. V. rasid, radi), with ynforth by enuyroun, and the poudre of the paryng (L. V. rasyng, rasure) to be spreynt out of the citee in an unclene place.- Wic. Lev. xiv. 41. As clensyngs of this world we ben maad; the paringis (peripsema) or outcastinge of alle thingis til tit. Id. 1 Cor. iv. 13.

PARENT, s. Low Lat. Parens, was in the lower ages applied generally to a kinsman; nor was such usage unknown in the classical. See Quint. Curt. 1. vi. c. 29. Du Cange writes, " Parens, sanguine proximus, agnatus, cognatus. Parentatus, cognationibus et affinatibus instructus, copiosus, apparenté." The Fr. Parent; It. Parente; Sp. Pariente, are also explained generally-a kinsman. Florio adds, the It. may be used for father or mother. There is also the Fr. Apparenté; of kin, or near kinsman unto. Cotgrave, Emparenter, to join in kindred; to make one of kin to another. Id. And It. Parentare, to the same effect.

Fabian writes, "that Edmund Mortimer was (An. 1386) proclaymed Heyer Paraunt unto the Crown of England." In Polychronicon (Fabian's authority) the word is Apparaunt. (See in v. Apparent.) And it may be that the words are the same, with the simple difference of the prefix Ap.

In Berners' Froissart, v. ii. p. 539, we find: "If the Vicount of Chatillon, your cousin, who is next inheritor to this County of Byernes as next parente (prochain parent) to your father, come hyder to challenge his herytage," &c. &c.

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PAT

PARONOMASY, PARONYMOUS.

The genius of the Greek language from the verb paierJa, to appear, produced a paronymous word-viz. panoμeva, appearances or things appearing to the eye of outward sense.-Sydenham. Onomasticon, pt. iv. § 9.

The fallacy (figuræ dictionis) is built on the grammatical structure of language, from men's usually taking for granted that paronymous words (i. e. those belonging to each other, as the substantive, adjective, verb, &c. of the same root) have precisely correspondent meaning; which is by no means universally the case.- -Whately. Logic, b. iii. § 8.

PARSLEY. See quotation from Piers Plouhman in v. Porridge, infra.

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It is not mere zeal to learning, or devotion to the Muses, that wiser princes patron the arts, and carry an indulgent aspect to scholars; but a desire to have their names eternized by the memory of their writings, and a fear of the Browne. Religio Medici, pt. ii. § 3.

PARSON. See Piers Plouhman in v. Parish, revengeful pen of succeeding ages.

supra.

PART, v. (de).

Our pardon and our preieres
So beth they nought parten.

Piers Plouhman's Creed, v. 808.
And whanne he hadde seide, anoon the lepre partide
(discessit) awey fro hym.- Wic. Mark i. 42.
Which maid, he said, he wold han to his wif,
To lede in ese and holinesse his life,
And thanked God that he might han hire all,
That no wight with his blissè parten shall.

Chaucer. The Marchantes Tale, v. 9504. He (Theseus) cried, Ho! no more, for it is done, I wol be trewe juge and not partie.

PARTITION.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2659.

PARTNER. See PART.

PARTLET, s.

And God wrought no small miracles by the hādes of Paule, so that from his bodye were brought unto the sycke napkyns or partletes, and the diseases departed from them, and the euill spirites went out of them.

PARY, v.

Bible, 1549. Actes xix.

PAUCITY. My opportunities of writing are paucified, as perhaps Dr. Johnson would have dared to say.

Cowper to Hayley, Dec. 26, 1792.

PAVE. A litil of the erthe of the pament (L. V. pawment, de pavimento) of the tabernacle he schal put in to it.

Wic. Num. v. 17. And he wyll shew you a great parlour paved (sopa) and prepared.-Bible, 1549. Marke xiv.; Luke xxii. PAVESE, s.

The knights below, Each by his pavais bulwarked.

Southey. Joan of Arc, b. viii. v. 345. And showered like rain upon the pavaised barks The rattling shafts.-Id. Madoc, pt. ii. § 25. PAUME, i. e. Palm, qv.

PAVONE.

And thei bronşten thennus gold, and syluer, and yuer, and apis and poos. (L. V. pohokis, pavones.)

Trench.)

Wic. 2 Par. ix. 21. PAY, v. A naval term. (Skinner.) To smear over with pitch. Fr. Poix. And hence the old proverb, Used by Richard Bentley as equiva-"Here's the devil to pay, and no pitch hot." (Mr. lent to correspond on comparison; to tally. When I came to try Pope Clement's Vulgate, I soon found the Greek of the Alexandrian, and that would by no means pary. Rd. Bentley to Archbp. Wake, April 15, 1716. PAS, i. e. Pace, qv.

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Twelue sterris that passyngly were clere (i. e. surpassingly).—Lyfe of our Ladye. Caxton, c. 8.

PASSION, v. To have, or be affected by, passions, &c.

Whiche thingis the prophetis and Moyses spaken for to be comynge, if Crist passible, or able to suffre. (L. V. is to suffre, passibilis.)- Wic. Acts xxvi. 23.

Helye was a man lijk to us, passible, or able for to suffre. (L. V. deedli man, homo passibilis.)-Id. James v. 17.

If he were helid, that suffreth siche a maner passioun (hujusmodi passionem), he shal noumbre seuen daies after his clensyng.-Id. Lev. xv. 13.

How that the soule ne mynde be not passyoned.

The Boke of Tulle of Old Age, a. 12. Caxton. Hast thon (which art but aire) a touch, a feeling Of their afflictions, and shall not my selfe, One of their kinde,-that relish all as sharpely, Passion as they,-be kindlier mou'd then thou art. Shakespeare. Tempest, act v. sc. 1; and Two Gentlemen of Verona, act iv. sc. 4.

PASTE, s.

I shal parveie thee paast, quod Patience,...
And flour to fede folk with.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 8958. And thou schalt take a tendur cake of o loof, spreynd with oile, paast sodun in watir.- Wic. Er. xxix. 23.

her to stop leaks, had got two kettles just let down into the boat, one filled with boiling pitch, and the other with rosin, tallow, and oil, and such stuff as the shipwrights use for that work.-Defoe. Robinson Crusoe.

PAY.

He with these thingus pazed (L. V. appaied, contenta), she (Hester) fel doun at the feet of the King; and wepte, and preyede.-Wic. Esth. viii. 3.

He saw how that I
Had chosen so ententifely
The bottum more unto my pay
Than any other that I say.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 1721.
Thy precepte graunte, eke that I may
Fulfylle also to the erly and late

In such maner as is most to thy paye, i. e. satisfaction.
Lyfe of our Ladye, a. 8, c. 1. Carton.

I quak'd at heart; and still afraid to see
All the court fill'd with stranger things than he,
Ran out as fast as one that pays his bail,
And dreads more actions, hurries from a jail.
Pope. Imit. of Donne, Sat. iv.
PAYNIM. i. e. Pagan, qv.

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Forsothe preestis schulen be ouer the looues of proposi-peysinge (appendens) an hundryd and thretti sicles, a silcioun, and to the sacrifices of flour, and to the pastis sodun in water. (L. V. the thynn kakis, kagana azyma.) Id. 1 Par. xxiii. 29.

PATE.

His travail shall come upon his own head; and his wickedness shall fall on his own pate.-Wic. Ps. vii. 17. (So also our Bible Version, and Bible, 1549.)

PATIENT.

This laid a way open for them to despise the law, which was made patient of such a weak evasion.

Jeremy Taylor. Sermon 23. Of Christian Prudence.

neren fyole, hauynge seuenti sicles at the peyse (L. V. weizte, pondus) of the seyntuary.- Wic. Num. vii. 25.

To a feithful frend is no comparisoun; ther is not wrthi peising of gold (L. V. weiyng, ponderatio), and of siluer aten the goodnesse of the feith of hym.-Id. Eccl. vi. 15.

Alle the weies of man ben opene to the ezen of hym: of spiritis the peisere is the Lord." (L. V. weiere, ponderator.) Id. Prov. xvi. 2.

PEA.

And eche a povere man wel a-paied
To haue pesen for his hyre.
Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 4189.

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The Jewes preide hem be pees (i. e. peaceful). Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 13258. Sotheli whanne his fre children weren gaderide to gidere, that they schulden peese (E. V. swage, lenirent) the sorewe of the fadir, he nolde take counfort.-Wic. Gen. xxxvii. 35. Forsothe hise britheren sien that he was loued of the fadir more than alle, and thei batiden hymn, and mysten not speke ony thing pesible (pacifice) to hym. Id. Ib. xxxvii. 4. Forsothe whanne the prince shal do wilful brent sacrifice, or wilful pesiblis to the Lord (L. V. pesible sacrificis, pacifica), the fate that biholdith to the eest shal be opnyd to hym. ld. Ez. xlvi. 2. He pesynge bi the blood of his crosse (L. V. made pees, pacificans), ether tho thingis that ben in erthis, ether that ben in heuenes.-Id. Colos. i. 20.

PEAR.

The pyry is blowe (hop, Beryn, hop,)

That ripe wol hereafter, and on thy hede drop.

Chaucer. The Marchantes Seconde Tale, v. 533. And thus I let him (Damian) sitting in the pery, And January and May roming ful mery.

Id. The Marchantes Tale, v. 10091.

PEASE. See PAYSE and POISE.
PEBBLE.

Swete is to a man the bred of lesing; and aftir shal be fulfild the mouth of hym with a itil pibbil ston. (L. V. rikenyng, calculo.)- Wic. Prov. xx. 17.

PECK.

The eye that scornith the fader and that despisith the birthe of his moder, pecken hym out (L. V. picke, effodiant) crowis of the stremes, and ete hym the sonus of the egle. Wic. Prov. xxx. 17.

PEDAGE. A pedè; a toll paid for safe passage. Skinner. See PEAGE, in Dictionary.

Now thanne be it knowe to the King, for if that cite were bild up, and the wallis of it enstorid, tribute, and pedage (L. V. tol, vectigal), and feris rentus thei shul not yue.- Wic. 1 Esd. iv. 13; also v. 20.

PEEL, or See Piers Plouhman's Vision, in v.
PILL, v.
Pillion.

Thanne Jacob takynge green popil zerdis, and of almanden, and of planes, a parti unríendide hem; and riendis drawun awey: in thilke that weren pilde semede whytnes. (L. V. maad bare, spoliata fuerant.)-Wic. Gen. xxx. 37. A womman took and spred abrood an hiryng of (over) the mouth of the pit-as driynge barli with the pile takun a wey, and so the thing was hid.-Id. 2 Kings xvii. 19. As hote he (Sompnour) was, and likerous as a sparwe, With scalled browes blake, and pilled berd.

Chaucer. Prologue, v. 629.
As pilled as an ape was his (Miller's) skull.
Id. The Reves Tale, v. 3933.
See PERE, infra.

PEER, v. (Appear.)
Ancres and heremytes,
And monkes and freres,
Peeren to the Apostles
Thorugh hire parfit lyvynge.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 10455.

Than loke we mowen,
And peeren in his presence,
The while hym pleye liketh.-Id. Ib. v. 343.
There was I bid in paine of death to pere,
By Mercury, the winged messengere.

Chaucer. Court of Love, v. 55. Fawnus into the chirch pryvelych gan pire (peep). ld. The Marchantes Seconde Tale, v. 680.

And loke howe that a Goshauke tireth,
Right so doth he whan that he pireth
And looketh on her womanhede.

Gower. Conf. Am. b. vi. fo. 1324.
PEISE. See PAYSE, POISE.
PELL, 8. Urry calls it-A house. Tyrwhitt
doubts. Du Cange interprets the Low Lat. Pela,
Castellum, Arx-in English-A Pile. (A. S. Pil.)
A Pile (qv.), a structure (the House of Fame).
There met I crying many one,

A larges, a larges, hold up well,
God saue the Lady of this Pell,
Our own gentill Lady Fame.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. iii. v. 220.

PELURE, s. Fr. Pelu, hairy. Fur.
The third had a mantell of lusty fresh colour,
The utter part of purpill-yfurred with pelur.
Chaucer. The Marchantes Seconde Tale, v. 3193.

PEN.

And he stetede upon cherubyn and fleiz; he fleiz on the dennes of windis (super pennas ventorum). Wic. Ps. xvii. 11.

PER

O man in the myddis of hem, was clothid with lynnun clothis, and a pennere of a writere at hise reynes. (L. V. inkhorn, atramentarium).—Id. Ez. ix. 2.

PENAL.

Of what hous be ye, by your fader kin?
I vow to God, thou hast a ful faire skin:
It is a gentil nature ther thou gost;
Thou art not like a penaunt or a gost.

Chaucer. The Monkes Prologue, v. 13940.
I saw

The pictur'd flames writhe round a penanced soul. Southey. Joan of Arc, b. iii. v. 422. PENDANT. Pending is in common use; as, Pending the suit.

PENNONCEAL. Fr. Pennonceau; ou pennoncel. A little flag, or streamer. Cotgrave. Than see thei stonde, on every side, Endlonge the shippes bord to shewe, Of penounceals a ryche rewe.

PENNY.

Gower. Conf. Am. fo. 1792.

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The fluctuation or pensility of the bowells, from the agitation of the waves in the sea, and from the winde gathered about the diaphragma, are alike.

Wats. Bacon. Advancement of Learning, b. iv. ch. 1. PENT.

Housis weren not bildid to enhabite, but hulkis and pentisis weren maad bisidis the wallis in the innere part, in whiche they mişten abide for a litil tyme, til the citee were bildid.-Wic. 2 Esd. vii. 4, mar. note.

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And in an erthen pot how put is al,
And salt yput in, and also pepere,
What shuld I tellen.

Chaucer. The Chanones Yemannes Tale, v. 16230. PERCASE.

But thei would haten you parcaas,
If that ye fillen (fell) in hir laas.

Chaucer. The Rom. of the Rose, v. 6649.

PERCEIVE.
Geffrey had full perseyte of their encombirment.

Chaucer. The Marchantes Seconde Tale, v. 3050. PERCEIVE. Perciverance is a word of continual occurrence in Hawes' Pastime of Pleasure. (See Notes and Queries, v. vii. p. 400; and also v. viii. p. 120, where reference is made to nine examples in Flemming's Panoplie of Epistles.) In Hawes a character introduces herself, saying, "My name is called Dame Perciverance," fo. x. 1, col. 2. Hawes also uses the verb, to perceyuer, where he means, "to cause or enable to perceive; to discover for others to see." No other instance of the verb is known.

Mr. Dyce (on the adj. imperseverant, qv.) refers to The Widow, where perceuerance is put into the mouth of a chambermaid-apparently as a vulgarism.

The words are barbarous anomalies, not sanctioned by any English classic: we have no such formations from conceive, deceive, &c.

We wyped our chekes our sorrow to cloke,
Outwardly feigning us to be glad and mery,
That the people should not perceyue the smoke,
Though inwardly with a stormy pery
The fire was blowen, yet we did it cover
By-cause abrode it should nothing perceyuer.
Hawes Pastime of Pleasure, m. i. col. 2.

Vio.
Methinks the words
Themselves should make him do't, had he but the

severance

Of a cock sparrow, that will come at-Philip, And cannot write nor read, poor fool.

per

The Widow, act iii. sc. 1; by Jonson, J. Fletcher, and Middleton

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PERFECT.

Thei outher while

PER

Pleyden the parfiter.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 7288. Thei hadden in hate the reprening man in the fate, and thei wlatiden a man spekynge perfitly (perfecte).

Wic. Amos v. 10; and in Colos. iii. 14. Parfitenesse is a var. r. of perfeccioun. Good perfective is greater than good preservative, because the obtaining of things desired seems by degrees to perfit nature: which though it doe not doe it indeed, yet the very motion it selfe in circle hath a shew of progressive motion.

Wats. Bacon. Advancement of Learning, b. vii. ch. 2. Our labours tend to the same end-the perfectioning of our countrymen in a most essential article, the right use of their native language.-Foote. The Orators, A. 1. PERFORM.

I perfourmed the penaunce
That the preest me enjoyned.

Piers Ploukman's Vision, v. 3702.
Your confessour here for his worthinesse
Shal parfourme up the noumbre of his covent.
Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7843.
PERFUSE, v. Lat. Per-fund-ere, perfusus; to
pour through or thoroughly.
These dregs immediately perfuse the blood with melan-
choly, and cause obstructions.
Harvey. On Consumptions.
PERIPETIE, s. Gr. Περιπέτεια, from Περι-
TITTELY, to fall around. The Quotation explains
the usage.

A fable is called complex, when it contains both a discovery and peripetic (i. e. an unexpected change of fortune).-Adventurer, No. 83.

PERISH. See PARCH. Were the myddel of myn hand Y-maymed or y-perisshd,

I sholde receyve right noght

Of that I reche myghte.

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I wolde permute my penaunce.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 8257. It (merchandize) is a permutation apertly, A penyworth for another.-Id. lb. v. 1883. PERPEND, v.

I desire the reader to attend with the utmost perpensity. Swift. Tale of a Tub, sec. ix.

PERPETUAL. Lat. Perpes and Perpetuus, from petere. See Voss. Also entire, whole. Taketh Judith, widewe, saumple of chastyte, and declareth in perpetewal wrshipeful tellingus with the preising of victorie.-Wic. Judges. Prol. 602.

And although the thing that is terminable, and hath an end, is called sometimes perpetuall; yet in holy writings and in vse of the church, and in the bookes of philosophers, most commonly that is taken to be perpetuall, which hath no end of time hereafter to come.

State Trials. 6 Rich. II. An. 1583. John Wicliffe. (To Ajax) Agamemnon gave the chine Perpetual. Cowper. Iliad, b. vii. v. 381; also Odyssey, b. viii. v. 382. PERRIE, s.

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My word and my preching not in persuable (var. r. persuasible) or sotile glosynge. (L.V. suteli (subtle) sturyng,

PERE, i. e. Appear. Also written PEER, qv. persuasilibus.)—Wic. 1 Cor. ii. 4.

supra.

PERSUE, s. See PURSUE.

PERT, i. e. Apert. bian, in v. Apert.

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See the Quotation from Fa- thing we have no clear intellection of, as, for example, of
the nature of a rose in general, there is a complication of
something noematical and something phantasmatical toge-
ther; for phantasms in themselves alone as well as sensa-
tions (arquata) are always individual things. And by
a rose considered thus universally and phantasmatically, we
mean a thing which so affects our sense in respect of figure
and colour.-Cudworth. Immutable Morality, b. iv. c. 1, § 9.
PHILOSOPHY.

By no way may it be then by perte necessity.
Chaucer. Test. of Loue, b. iii.
The weathers and stormes so hugely haue fall in burion-
ing time and by perte duresse han beaten of the springs
clean. Id. Ib.

In her fated nothynge that I coude gesse,
One wyse nor other, preuy nor perte,
A garysone she was of all goodlynesse.

Id. La belle Dame sans Mercie, fo. 251, c. 2.

PERT, adj.

The. Stirre vp the Athenian youth to merriments,
Awake the pert and nimble spirit of mirth.
Shakespeare. Midsummer Night's Dream, act i. sc. 1.
PERTAIN.

And Jacob bolnyde, and seide with strijf, For what cause of me, and for what synne of me, hast thou come so fersly after and souft al the portenaunce of myn hous? (E. V. necessaryes, supellectilem.)—Wic. Gen. xxxi. 36.

Se that ye eat not therof (the shepe) rawe nor soden in water, but rost with fyre, both the head, feet and purtenice to gether.-Id. Er. xii. 8. Bible, 1549.

Holy fathers that our Christen faith approued and strengthed to the Jews, as to men reasonable, and of diuinity learned proved thilke faith with reasones, and with ancthorities of the Old Testament, and of the New, her (i. e. of false teachings) pertinacy to distroy. Chaucer. Test. of Loue, b. ii.

PERVERT, v. It semeth to comaunde trespas or noiyng of neizbore, either peruertyng of soule; therfor it is figuratijf speche.Wic. Bib. Prol. p. 45. Also, ante, peruersion of soule. Follow inasmuch as longeth to thee thy fathers worship, so that in nothing thy kinde from his will decline, ne from his nobley perverte.-Chaucer. Test. of Loue, b. i.

PERVINKE. See PERIWINKLE.

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And every booze (boss) of bridle and paitrell,
That they had, was worth, as I would wene,
A thousand pound.-Chaucer. Floure and Leafe, st. 36.
The horse eke, that his yeman rode upon,
So swatte that unnethes might he gon;
About the peytrel stood the fome ful hie.

Id. Chan. Yem. Prol. v. 16032.

PEW.
Among wyves and wedewes ich am ywoned sitte
Yparroked in puwes-the pson it knoweth.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, p. 95. After mass was done, it was a custom, that one of my lord's gentlemen should then go to my lady's pew, and tell her my lord was gone before.

More's Utopia. Dibdin, p. xv.
PEYSE. See PAYSE, POISE.
PHANE. Occurs in the var. readings of the
Wiclif Bible (Temple, fanum), Deut. iii. 29; iv. 46.

PHANTASM.

Phantasy (or imagination) being (to define it) conception remaining, and by little and little decaying from the act of sense.-Hobbes. Human Nature, c. iii.

Whenever we think of a universalized phantasm, or a

Other, with the brow born down, weiynge greet wordis,
among konge wymmen philosophien of holi lettres. (L.V.
talken as filosofres.)- Wic. Bible, Pref. Ep. p. 67.

PHIZZ. An abbreviation exquisitely refined for
Physiognomy. Swift.

PHONETIC. Gr. dwvn, the voice. A word now
in common use-applied to a mode of writing or
spelling conformable to that of speaking or pro-
nunciation. See the Quotation from Bacon, in v.
Pronounce, infra. Penny Cyc. in v. Alphabet.
PHYSICK.

And if thou diete thee thus,

I dar legge myne eris,

That physic shal hise furred hodes

For his fode selle.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 4339.
PHYSIOGNOMY.

Physiognomy discovers the disposition of the mind by the
lineaments of the body.-Wats. Bacon, b. iv. c. 1.
So in all physiognomy, the lineaments of the body will
discover those natural inclinations of the mind which dis-
simulation will conceal or discipline correct.
Bacon. Natural History, c. ix. § 800.

PICAROON.

They abide even after their main body is broken, and therefore cannot at all be cured by those slight velitations and picqueerings of single actions of hostility.

J. Taylor. Of Repentance, c. viii. § 8.

PICK. Pikoise. A pick-axe, hoe, mattock. And see Piers Plouhman, in vv. Pike and Ply, infra. Pyke-harness. A stealer of harness, qv. See Piers Plouhman for Pyke-harness in v. Bribe, supra. Bete togydre pour plowis in to swerdis, and your pikoysis or mattokis into speris (ligones).- Wic. Joel iii. 10.

PICK.
PICKET, or
PIQUET.

}

A sharp stake; Guard stationed
at the pickets on the outlook.

He (the civilian) bears in triumph an artillery train
Of Chancery libels: opens first the cause,
Then with a picklock tongue perverts the laws.
Charles Dryden. Juvenal, Sat. vii.

PIE. Applied to-A chattering tell-tale; a
prating gossip.

I sette your patentes and your pardon
At one pies hele.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 4887.
and the Pie, the Book of Holy Offices.
PIE. By Cock and pie; an old oath-By God

PIECE.

It was a pece of Pater-noster

Fiat voluntas tua.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 9066.
And in bookes eke as it is tolde,
How the pyece of his incision

Was by an aungel in an urne of golde
To Charlis brought.-Lyfe of our Ladye, i. b. Caxton.
Sir Wylliam of Bordes was there armed at all peses.
Berners' Froissart, v. i. p. 489; also v. ii. p. 203.

PIERCE. See Piers Plouhman, in v. Port,
infra.

He schal take hym bi the iyen of hym as by an hook: and bi scharpe schaftis he schal perse hise nosethirlis. (L. V. thirle thurz, perforabit.)-Wic. Job xl. 19.

His (Sir J. Denham's) had a strange piercingness: when he conversed with you, he looked into your very thoughts. Aubrey.

PIG. When the lead is tapped from the smelting furnace, it runs down a straight channel, technically called the sow, from which branch off on each side some smaller channels, called pigs; in these it cools, and is called Pig Lead.

PIGMENT.

Sixe monethis they shulde ben enoynt with myrtine oile, and other sixe thei shulden use maner pimentis and swete spice (pigmentis).- Wic. Esther ii. 12.

And he maad ensence of moost clene swete smellynge spices, with the werk of pymentarye. (L. V. a makere of oynement, pigmentari.)-Id. Ex. xxxvii. 29.

PIT

PIKE, i. e. Pick or Peck.

And some to plese Perkyn

Piked up the wedes.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 4019
My plow-foot shal be my pikstaf,

And picche a-two the rotes.-Id. Ib. v. 4002.

PILCH. In Wiclif's Bible, Lev. xi. 32, "Heeren
shertes;" in var. r. "Pilches or heeren (hairy)
shertes" (cilicia), on which any dead unclean ani-
mal may have fallen, are declared unclean.
Felawe, quoth he,

Fy on his pilche.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 484.
PILE.

With thre piles was it under-pight,
I perceyved it soone.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 10838.

Ech piler is of penaunce
Of preieres to seyntes.-Id. Ib. v. 3692.
PILGRIM. See Piers Plouhman in v. Palmer,

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And pynynge-stooles.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 1513.
PINK.

When thou dost tell another's jest, therein
Omit the oaths, which true wit cannot need;
Pink out of tales the mirth, but not the sin.

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George Herbert. Church Porch.

PIOUS.
And he gouernde to the Lord his herte; and in the
dates of synnes he strengthede pite (pietatem).
Wic. Ecclus. xlix. 4.
But thei men of mercy ben, of whom the pitoustees faile-
den not. (L. V. pitees, pietates.)-Id. lb. xliv. 10.
All thingus forsothe the Lord made; and to men pitously
doende (L. V. feithfulli, pie) he zaf wisdam.

Id. lb. xliii. 37.
Resignation (qv.) to the will of God is the whole of piety.
Butler. Ser. xiv.
PIP.
What thing may be of vyn, of grape dried unto the
pepyn (L. V. draf, ad acinum), thei shulen not eete.
Wic. Num. vi. 4.

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PITTER, i. e. Patter, qv.

Upon some shady, sandy, higher ground,
Where the sweet birds should warbling music give,
And at whose foot some pittering rillet wound,
Like Baucis and Philemon would we live.

George Tooke. Anna dicata. The Pious Turtles.

PITY. Udall also writes it Piety.

God takynge pietie and compassion on mankynde did enen for the verai purpose sende (his Son) into the yearthe. Udall. Erasmus. Luke xxiv. PIX. Please the pix, qv.: please God. Corrupted into Please the pigs.

PLAGES, s. Lat. Plage, is a various reading of woundis or betyngus. Wic. Luke xii. 47.

PLAGE.

And Caym passid out fro the face of the Lord, dwellide fer fugitive in the erthe, at the eest plage of Eden. (L.V. coost, plagam.)-Wic. Gen. iv. 16; also xiii. 1, xxv. 6.

PLAIN, PLAINT.

Forsothe thou puttist me, thi seruaunt, among thi meetfelawis of thi bord; what thanne haue I of ritwise playnt (E. V. querels, justa querela), or what may I more be spoken of to the kyng?- Wic. 2 Kings xix. 28.

For God made so this dai as that dai, that a man fynde not iust playningis azens hym. (E. V. pleyntes, querimonias.) Id. Eccles. vii. 15. And plainest the to praise his (Love's) arte. Chaucer. House of Fame, b. ii. v. 119.

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PLU

myrre, and she platte the her of her hed. (L. V. schedide, discriminavit.)-Wic. Judith x. 3. Confoundid shul (thei) ben, that wrozten flax, plattende, and weuende sotile thingus (plectentes et texentes). ld. 1s. xix. 9.

PLATAN. See PLANE-TREE. Bechis weren not euen to his heiznes, and platan trees (L.V. plane, platani) weren not euen to his bouwis. Wic. Ecclus. xxxi. 8. I espied thee, fair indeed and tall, Under a platan.-Milton. Par. L. b. iv. v. 477. PLATE.

And kittide thinne goldun platis (E. V. peeces, bracteas), and maad thinne into threedis.- Wic. Ex. xxxix. 3.

PLAY, v.

The kyng Abymalech of Palestynes biholdynge thurs a wyndow, saw; hym pleiynge (jocantem) with Rebecca, his wijf.-Wic. Gen. xxvi. 8.

And he seide (Lot to his daughters), Risith and goth out fro this place, for the Lord shal do aweie this cite. And he was seen to hem as pleyinge to speke (ludens). Id. Ib. xix. 14. And whanne sche had go with hir felowis and pleiferis (E.V. compeers, sodalibus), sche biwepte hir maydynhed in the hillis.-Id. Judges xi, 38.

Somtime, to shew his lightnesse and maistrie,
He (Absolon) plaieth Herode on a skaffold hie.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3384.

Now, quod our hoste, I wol no longer play
With thee ne with non other angry man.

Id. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12892.

PLEAD, v. PLEA, S.
Men of lawe leest pardon hadde
That pleteden for mede.
Pledours sholde peynen hem
To plede for swiche and helpe.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 4541, 8. For men sweren by a grettere than hem silf, and the ende of al her ple (E. V. controuersye, or debate, controversia) is an ooth to confirmacioun.- Wic. Heb. vi. 16.

And whanne the fadris and britheren of hem schulen come, and bigynne to pleyne, and plete (E. V. chiden, jurgari) azens zou, we schulen seie to hem; Haue ze mercy of hem.-Id. Judges xxi. 22.

My puple-his pletores, or wrong axers (exactores) spoileden.-Id. Is. iii. 12.

PLEASE.

And youre brothir takith and goth to the man; and my God Almişti make him plesable to zou (L. V. pesible, placabilem), and sende he aten youre brother. Wic. Gen. xliii. 14; also Is. lx. 7, lxi. 2. PLENE. Plenty is used not uncommonly, as― plenteous, plentiful.

And that ilke while
Worth nevere plentee among the peple.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 4124. And whan the peple was plener comen, The porter unpynned the gate.-Id. lb. v. 6800. And the loond (having been) biholdid, takynge fruytis of it, that thei mysten shewe the plenteouste (L. V. plentee, ubertatem), they brousten to us, and seiden, Good, &c. Wic. Gen. i. 25. And to Neptalym he seide, Neptalym plenteousness shal ful use (L. V. abundance, abundantia) and ful shal be with blessyngis to the Lord.-Id. Deut. xxxiii. 23.

The greetnes of myseys is to spille the greetnes of plentithe. (L. V. plentee, ubertatis.)-Id. Gen. xli. 31. And plentithnes cam of the seven zeer. (L. V. plentee, fertilitas.)-ld. Ib. v. 47.

Whan the plenitude or ful tyme of the grace of God was ordeyned, thenne he sente his sone yt was god and sone of the vyrgyne and wyf.

The Golden Legend. Carton, fo. 1, c. 2, et aliter. At this siege every thynge was plenty. Berners' Froissart, v. ii. p. 357. And a strange kind of government must that needs be wherein a subject shall have a plenitudinary power beyond that which his lord and king's was.

N. Bacon. Historical Discourse, c. lviii. p. 173. PLETE. See PLEAD.

PLOT. PLUCK. And let us laugh a plucke (a snatch) or two at nale. Skelton. Bouge of Court, v. 387. It appears to me that what is least forgiven in a man of any mark or likelihood, is want of that article blackguardly called pluck.-Scott. Life, by Lockhart, v. ix. p. 146.

See Piers Plouhman in v. Mole, supra.

PLUM, i. e. Plim, qv. and Plump, qv.
Like a hawk that will not plum if she be look'd on.
Dryden. Maiden Queen, act iii.

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Many kene soores,

As pokkes and pestilences.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 14118. (They) assert, that the small-pox was the disease with which the King was seised. He is called a pockish man in the Queen's Letter.

Robertson. History of Scotland, b. iv. n. m. An. 1567. POETRY.

Bacon restricts (the meaning of the word poetry) to fictitious history or fables. D'Alembert employs it in its natural signification, as synonymous with invention or creation, and comprehending all the fine Arts.

D. Stewart. 1 Diss. Suppl. to Encye. Brit. POINT, v. and s. Add-after 1. 18. Point blank or blanc. Punctum album (in Ascham, called the Prick, qv.), the white point (sc. in a target). To aim or shoot at the point-blanc, or to shoot point blanc, is to aim or shoot straight, at the mark or object; without allowing for any bias, which the wind may cause; and hence, gen. to act or do anything straight forward, without obliquity or reserve.

To bring to a point, i. e. the precise part on which the question, the matter, turns or rests; to be at a point, at the end of the matter. A common expression in old writers.

Point of war, qy. on the point or eve of battle. See the quotation from Scott.

Point device. See DEVICE.

To point, to punctuate, qv. to divide into minute portions, by marks in writing; and by breaks or pauses (Chaucer) in reading.

And neytinge now batayl, the preest shal stoonde bifore the poynt (L. V. scheltrun, aciem), thus he shal spek to the puple.-Wic. Deut. xx. 2.

The preising of unpitous men is short, and the iote of an
ipocrite at licnesse of a point (instar puncti).—Id. Job xx. 5.
Now is gode to heren, in faie,
If any be that can it saie,
And poinct it as the reson is
Yset; for othergate, I wis

It shall nat well in alle thing
Be brought to gode understanding;
For a reder that poincteth ill,

A gode sentence may often spill.

Chaucer. The Rom. of the Rose, vv. 2157, 61.
But shortly to the point now wol I wende,
And maken of my longe tale an ende.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2967He (the Monke) was a lord ful fat, and in good point. ld. Prologue, v. 200.

You (Lord Archbishop)
Wherefore doe you so ill translate your selfe,
Out of the speech of peace, that beares such grace,
Into the harsh and boystrous tongue of warre?
Turning your bookes to graues, your inke to blood,
Your pennes to launces, and your tongue divine,
To a lowd trumpet, and a point of war.

Shakespeare. 2 Henry IV. act iv. sc. 1, fo. 89, col. 1.
We were pleasing ourselves (in this way), when on a

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